Frankfinn Aviation Assignment 2015

Submitted To,
Ms. Jyothi Thomas
F.I.A.T TRIVANDRUM
Aviation Industry $
Operational
Training

Alwin Kurian Abraham
Batch : O 1
F.D.A.H.T.M
F.I.A.T TRIVANDRUM

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
At the very outset , am very much grateful to the God almighty
for his blessings showered upon me to complete my
assignment “AVIATION $ OPERATION TRAINING”. I also
thank my mom for enough support .
Any attempt at any level cannot be completed without the
support and guidance of learned people. I express my sincere
gratitude to
Ms.JYOTHI THOMAS , giving me this opportunity to
present my assignment.

CONTENTS….
TASK 1 CURRENT SCENARIO OF INDIAN AVIATION
MEDICAL EMERGENCY
TECHNICAL EMERGENCY
TASK 2 DUTIES $ RESPONSIBILITIES OF A CABIN CREW
TASK 3 SPECIAL HANDLING PASSENGERS
TASK 4 EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTS
TASK 5 CABIN CREW ROUTINE FOR AN INTERNATIONAL FLIGHT
TASK 6 DESCRIBE $ COMPARE BOEING 747 AND AIRBUS A380
CASE STUDY OF AN ACTUAL MISHAP OF AN AIR CRASH

Foreword…..
Indian Aviation
• Sir Mr. Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata , French-born Indian
Aviator and business tycoon , is known as father of Indian
Civil Aviation
• 8th march 1948 , AIR-INDIA international was started .
• 15th June 1953 , two corporations , Air India international
limited and Indian airlines corporations came into existence.
• From 1st August 1953 , a bill was amended , and passed in
LokSabha (AIR ACT 1953).
• The origin of Indian Civil Aviation industry can be traced
back to 1912; First flight was between Karachi and Delhi ,by
the state air , Air India state service with the UK based
imperial Airways

Foreword…..
Indian Aviation
• In 1932 , Jehangir Tata founded Tata airline, the first Indian
Airline later ,known to be as AIR INDIA.
• By 1995 , several private airlines had ventured in to the
aviation business and accounted for more than 10% of the
domestic air traffic.
• India’s civil aviation market is set to become the world’s third
largest by 2020

Task 1 Current
scenario of Indian
Aviation Industry

Current scenario of Indian Aviation Industry
“ India is light year ahead in terms of the market potential and for the
company (Boeing) to come together as an enterprise and grow ” - QR
Thomas president of Boeing India .
•Recruitment in aviation sector on the rises.
•Civil Aviation Minister sets strict rules for Air India.
•Civil Aviation Ministry wants younger cabin crew for Air India.

Recruitment in aviation sector on the rise.
Frankfinn expects a tremendous increase in joining new students.
. “Recruitment by foreign carriers shows the immense potential for our human
resources, especially in the hospitality sector.” According to him, choosing the right
crew and training them are key for airlines because “in an industry where all airlines
offer the same set of fares, the service quality can be the only differentiating factor”.
Growth in air traffic in India has slowed down considerably over the past few years.
Airlines flew 6.02 million passengers in May, up 8% from a year earlier, show data from
industry regulator Directorate General of Civil Aviation. Traffic during the January-May
period grew a mere 3%. But airlines have been adding flights, anticipating a pickup in
demand.
Frankfinn expects a 15-16% increase in the students joining and hiring 25-30
candidates to Emirates every month , with more connectivity.
- Since 1878
Mumbai: Recruitment in the aviation sector is on the rise, despite weak air travel
demand and mounting losses at airlines. Entry of new carriers, addition of more
routes by global players, mushrooming of new airports and modernisation of old ones
have opened up employment opportunities in the industry.
“The recruitment trend that we see in the Indian airline market is due to individual
business plans of some airlines, primarily IndiGo which is adding more capacity than
its rivals,” said Peeyush Naidu, director at consultancy firm Deloitte India

Civil Aviation Minister sets strict rules for Air India
Civil Aviation Minister A. Gajapathi Raju has cracked the whip on national carrier Air
India by putting in place a strict set of rules for monitoring the management of the loss
making airline.
According to sources, Raju has issued a detailed set of instructions to Air India seeking
details of route-wise profits of the airline. He has instructed the national carrier to
make improvements on 20-odd parameters relating to streamlining operations,
discipline in the work force, adequate use of mammoth manpower and ways being
adopted to make a turnaround.

Civil Aviation Ministry wants younger cabin
crew for Air India
Newdelhi 14th August 2014
The Civil Aviation Ministry has issued a series of instructions to Air India, including redeployment of its "surplus"
staff, to tighten its belts to face heightened competition, particularly from the proposed Tata-SIA backed Vistara
airline.
In order to turn it into a 'lean and mean' airline to face growing competition from domestic and global carriers, the
Ministry wants the national carrier to reduce flight delays, official sources said, adding that the airline should
submit monthly reports of all delayed flights with reasons to the office of Civil Aviation Minister Ashok Gajapathi
Raju.
The national carrier should also submit monthly reports on issues affecting its profitability, like fuel costs, loss-
making routes and progress in the process of returning aged leased aircraft, they said.
Asking the airline to firmly deal with indiscipline, the Ministry has also directed Air India to ensure that First and
Business Class seats, which are major revenue earners for any airline, are sold out.
These seats should be filled even at discounted fares a few hours prior to departure, if need be, the sources said,
adding that many of these seats currently are given to VIPs who demand free upgrades from lower classes.
On redeployment of staff, the sources said the employees assessed as excess could be shifted to aviation-related
state -run organisations like the Airports Authority of India and the Bureau of Civil Aviation Security.
The minister also wants the airline to lower the average age of its cabin crew "on par with the best competing
airlines for ensuring quicker service and lesser delays".
The average age should be around 35 years, the sources said, adding those older should be shifted to ground
operations.As on June-end, Air India has a total staff strength of around 12,500 employees and the aircraft-to-
employee ratio is 1:130 which, according to the ministry, is "comparable to some of the other airlines operating in
the country".The staff strength excludes those personnel who have already been shifted to the two subsidiaries
which have been hived off - the ground handling arm Air India Air Transport Services Limited and engineering
wing Air India Engineering Services Limited.
Industry sources said some of these moves, particularly those involving re-deployment of staff, could stir the
hornet's nest among employees, many of whom were already in courts over a variety of issues including one that
aged cabin crew should not be grounded.

Factors which affect the airline industry
• Cost factor
• Government policies
• Economical changes
• Competition in the sector

Low cost Airline
• The airline which offers generally low fares in exchange for eliminating
many traditional passenger services.
• Term originated within the airline industry referring to airlines with a
lower operating cost structure than competitors , such as early us
1990’s.
• It is often applied to any carrier with low ticket prices and limited
services.
• India’s first low cost airline , Air-Deccan started at 25th August 2003

Domestic Airlines
Fly smart (Go Air) : The Wadia group Airline ,Go Air started operations in
November 2005; Among the top five airline companies in India and owns 9.5%
market share in India .
# Operates a fleet of Airbus A320 aircrafts.
Jet Airways : It started as an taxi operator in April 1, 1992. It started commercial
operations on may 5th 1993.it connects 21 international destinations and operates
flight to and from 47 destinations in India. one of the top airline in India. Received
the IATA operational safety audit registration . It owns more than 14,000
employees.
# Operates a fleet of 101 aircrafts.

Domestic Airlines
Spice Jet : India’s second largest low fare airline. It owns more than 20.4% of
market share. It operates 330 flights daily to 41 Indian cities and 7 international
destinations.
# Operates a fleet of new generation 38Boeing 737-800/900 ER aircrafts.
Indigo : Begun operations in 2006. It is India’s largest airline with total market
share of 24.9% as on may 2012. It is the fastest growing low cost carrier in the
world provide hassle- free travel experience.
# Operates a fleet of 61 A 320 today.
# Highest passenger traffic .
# Fifth consecutive profitable year .

Indian economy with present situation
• It is the fastest growing economy in the world.
• Government is keen to support and encourage new industries into the economy.
• Although the world economy is facing great depression , by that Indian economy is
also be affected.
• With a growth rate of 21%, the one of the fastest growing aviation industry in world.
• India jumped to 9th position in world’s aviation from 12th in 2008 and by 2020 India
will be in 3rd position.
• By 2020 , 400 million Indian passengers are likely to be airborne.
• By then Indian airports are expected to handle more than 100 million passengers to
domestic and around 3.4 million tonnes of cargo per annum.
• India has 449 airport and airport strips , of which 125 are owned by AAI .
• AAI dominates but private sector participation is rising.

• Indian carriers have a fleet size of 310 aircrafts , but likely to have 480 aircrafts
on order.
• India ranks 4th in domestic passenger volume (116.3million)2
• Increase in investments.
• Policy support , Government allowed 49% FDI in aviation for foreign carriers .
• Government encouraging private sector participation.
• Freight traffic grew at a rate of 6.6% during 2006-2013.

0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
2013 2012 2011 2010
Passenger Traffic in India as of July 2014
In Million

0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2013 2012 2011 2010
Aircraft Movement in India as of July 2014
In Million

0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
2013 2012 2011 2010
Freight Traffic Movement in India as of July 2014
In Million

Demerits…
• Airport challenge
• Fleet expansion
• Favouring narrow bodies
• Failure to launch
• No-frills airports
• Change of Governments

Medical Emergency
Technical Emergencies on board..

In a medical emergency on flight justify how would
you communicate on board asking for help?
Announcement
Ladies and Gentleman , if there is any doctor or nurse on board , request
you to meet one of the cabin crew immediately.

Asthma
It may occur as a result passm in the lungs , swollen bronchial tubes or excess mucous. The
attack may result ,
• Inhalation of the lungs by foreign pollutants
• Emotional distress
Signs $ symptoms
• Shortness of breath
• Coughing with sputum
Treatment
• In most cases , the passenger suffering earlier attacks of asthma ,they probably have
inhaler. Inhaler is placed in the mouth , 1-3 puffs are to be delivered.
• If passenger doesn’t have any breathing problem investigate the possibility of allergic
reaction
• Re-assure passenger , administer oxygen if needed.

Strock
Strock is also called cereberal vascular accident ,it is a vascular disease which affect the
the arteries or veins that bring oxygen and nutrient to the brain.
Causes
• A blood clot in a blood vessel in the brain
• Haemorrhage of a blood vessel in the brain
Signs $ Symptoms
• Unequal pupils
• Strong but slow pulse
Treatment
• Slightly elevate the head ,if breathing with difficulty turn him aside and droole out the
secreations from mouth.
• Administer oxygen and conserve body heat.
• Be prepared for seizures.

Two Technical Emergencies on Board 1 , Hijacking
• The present world environment –both political & personal has given rise to the new
menace facing airlines –HIJACKING . Here one or more individuals take over the
command of a flight & all on board as prisoners and use that as a tool for negotiating
or pressurizing governments to bow their demands.
• Cabin crew be vigilant at all times & be on the lookout for any suspicious persons.
They should always inform the commander or a senior in case of any untoward
occurrence immediately, so that the cockpit can be secured from inside, thus
preventing any unauthorized persons from entering.
• The main responsibility of the cabin crew lie towards the passengers & their safety. So
thy must act as mediators between hijackers & passengers if the need arises. Read the
body language of the hijackers so that one can ascertain their character on the basis
of which interaction will be made easier.
• All airlines have the policy of bringing the hijacked aircraft back to the ground , as it
is always safer to negotiate there.

Two Technical Emergencies on Board 2 , Bomb
Scare
A bomb threat is generally defined as a threat, usually verbal
or written to detonate an explosive or incendiary device to cause property damage ,
death, or injuries, whether or not such a device actually exists. But NO threat is ever
taken lightly & all safety procedures are followed.
Most explosive devices targeted at airliners are usually fitted
with altitude of time fuses. Any suspicious & unclaimed article is transferred to a
‘safe’ location on board –usually the first door AFTER the wing on the right-hand
side. The passengers are also relocated to other sections. If the aircraft is on ground,
then the bomb squad is called in , but If the plane is in flight , then the commander is
immediately in formed & he brings the aircraft to land at the nearest airport. The
suspicious article is covered with blankets ,pillows plastic to minimize any explosion
damage. In case there is an explosion in-flight , then the first outcome is de-
pressurisation & the pilot acts accordingly . After landing , evacuation is executed.

Technical Emergencies… Hijacking

Technical Emergencies… Bomb Scare

Who is a cabin crew ?
An employee of an airline who is primarily responsible for
the safety and comfort of passengers during their flight is
called a cabin crew or a Airhostess / Flight Attendant / Flight
Purser / Flight Steward .

• The main responsibility of a cabin crew is the safety of the
passengers.
• The second the comfort of the passengers.

•Distribution of reading materials such as newspaper
and airline magazines

• Making announcements on behalf of the pilot and answering passenger
questions during the flight;
• Serving meals and refreshments to passengers;
• Selling duty-free goods and advising passengers of any allowance restrictions
in force at their destination;
• Reassuring passengers and ensuring that they follow safety procedures
correctly in emergency situations;
• Giving first aid to passengers where necessary;
• Ensuring passengers disembark safely at the end of a flight and checking that
there is no luggage left in the overhead lockers;
• Completing paperwork, including writing a flight report.

Task 3 Special
Handling Passengers

Mother with Infant (MWI)
• They are usually seated on the carrycot seats. The carrycot/bassinet
should be placed soon after take-off & removed when the aircraft starts
its descent to the destination.
• The infant should be on the mothers lap during take-off and landing.
They should also be advised to feed the infant at this time & put cotton
in the infants ear to prevent pressure distress.
• Extra amenities like napkins , disposable diapers , feeding bottles(when
required) , baby food should be offered.
• Just before the meal services commences , the mother should be asked
when she would like her meal. More often than not, they eat later when
the cabin crew can look after the infant whilst they eat. In such cases
their choice of meal should be keep seperate.

Task 4 Emergency
Equipments…

Emergency Equipments…
Name of the Emergency
Equipment
Parts of the Emergency
Equipment
Preflight checks Usage of Equipment
Life Vest Two chambers ,upper and
lower, inflammation tag , a
whistle, an oxygen bottle to
inflame the vest
Check whether life vest is
present or not under Pax
seat
It is used mainly for
evacuation on water such as
ditiching.
Oxygen mask Mask with chord, oxygen
bottle with pressure guage
to check the amount of
oxygen to be released off.
Check whether the bottle is
filled in
During the medical
emergency, loss of cabin
pressure and fire fighting
Mega phone Push to top button , speaker
, sling ,handle
Secured with strands, push
to top button to ensure the
battery full
Control the crowd and
make directions to the pax
during an emergency.

Equipment
Equipment
Fire Axe/Crash Axe Handle, Hook end, Blade Check if it is in the location
(usually inside the cockpit)
secured with straps.
Used in case of fire or
during survival in case of
crash.
Hold the handle and the
hook end to make a hold
and the blade to cut.
Smoke Hood Smoke Hood Check if it is in the location. Used in case of heavy smoke
in the cabin.
Asbestos Gloves Asbestos Gloves Check if it is in the location,
usually inside the cockpit.
Used in case of fire in the
cabin.
It protects the hand from
extreme heat.

Equipment
Equipment
Fire Extinguisher Red bottle, Strap to secure,
Pressure gauge, Safety pin,
Handle ,Trigger, Nozzle
In correct location secured
with straps.
Needle on the pressure
gauge should be between
1500-2000 PSI.
Safety pin intact.
Check the expiry date.
Remove from location.
Point the nozzle at the bare
of the fire.
Remove the safety pin.
Squeeze the trigger for the
content to release.
Fight the fire in sweepy
motion from a safe distance
which is 8-10 ft.
Call for backup.
Monitor for re-ignition.
Inform flight deck crew.

Equipment
Equipment
ELT Antenna, Lanyard, Plastic
cover, Battery
with straps
•Send signals to SAR team.
•DITCHING
•Remove from the location
and take it with you before
exiting the aircraft.
•Erect the antenna.
•Untie the lanyard & tie it to
the raft.
•Throw the beacon into the
water.

Equipment
Equipment
Oxygen Mask First oxygen bottle with
sling attached to it, Pressure
gauge, Mask with a code
attached to it, Rotating knob
to release oxygen.
with straps.
Needle on the pressure
gauge should be in the
green zone & not the red
zone.
Mask should be available.
Remove from location &
sling it on your shoulder.
Attach the oxygen mask to
the cylinder.
Release the oxygen by
rotating the knob clockwise.
Check the oxygen flow by
pinching the base of the
mask to inflate or check the
red indicator moving on the
cord.
After confirming the oxygen
flow put the mask on the
casualty.
Never leave the casualty
unattended and always be
ready with the backup
bottle.

Dummy Equipment which I made is : Life Vest

Task 5 Cabin crew
routine for an
international flight
fro sign in time
until signout

Flight Details…
• Airline - Air Arabia
• Sector: Trivandrum
• Flight Time From (Trivandrum) - 18:30 pm
• Actual time of Arrival (Dubai) - 23:40 pm
• Work position - Cabin Crew : R3
• Passport , Airport identity card , Airline id card , Flight Safety Certificate.
• Handbag containing toiletries , extra one pair of uniform.

Reporting for duty :
I come to airport 1 hour prior to my flight.
After reaching airport , I reported to moment control and checked
departure board.

Briefing….
• In the briefing room, my senior cabin crew will inspect me and ask mine
some questions regarding the emergencies on board . After all , chief
checked mine
• Grooming ,
• Documents ,
• Knowledge on First Aid
• And finally she handed me over the checklists.

Embarkation….
• Baggage check in
• ID checking
• Boarding
• Security checking
• After the clearance, I directly go to the aircraft 45 minutes
prior to take off and entered my zone. I keep my luggage in the
coat compartment.
• I do the pre-flight check in my zone .
• First I make sure all the emergency equipments in my zone are
in working condition and also if its available for every
passenger.

Embarkation….
• I see that the cabin and lavatory is kept clean and tidy.
• After the checking ,I groomed once again. Then I go to my
zone door to welcome the passengers.
• I meet, greet and find seat to the passengers. and proceed
with the passenger service.

Service On Board…… Before Take Off :
• I start with my service by giving newspapers, headphones, and drinks to the
passengers.
• Mean while, our senior cabin crew will make welcome announcement and
safety demonstration which is done by me.
• Then I done a final check and make sure whether all were wore seat belts or
not.
• Then an announcement made by the senior cabin crew to change the door
mode to automatic ,cross check and report.
• I’m R1 , so I’m responsible for reporting it to the chief, so after cross checking, I
gave report .

Service On Board …….After Take Off:
• After that I go with blankets/pillows to the passengers .
• Then I proceeded with the beverage and meal service. First beverages are given,
then meal service is done. I serve the meal according to the passenger’s choice.
After that Tea/Coffee is served .
• All trays and cups are collected back after the service.
• Reassuring passengers and ensuring that they follow safety procedures
correctly in emergency situations;
• I will also check on the lavatory in every 30 minutes so as to make sure there is
‘nt any fire occurring inside the lavatory.

Before Landing :
 Then an announcement made by the senior cabin crew that to stop the services
and I started to collect all the remaining trays, glasses/cups, and other items
from the passengers and then ensure that all the tray tables are closed , the
luggage's are kept in the overhead bin/under the passenger seats are secured
and checked whether the passengers were using seats belts .
 Then an announcement made by the senior cabin crew that cabin crew to
remain seated and I go to my cabin crew seat.

After Landing :
• After safe landing , an announcement made by chief that to change the door
automatic mode to manual, cross check and report. So after dis-arming the
door and cross-checking , I reported to the chief.
• I helped the passengers by taking away the luggages from the over head bins.
• Then I moved towards the door , greet them and thank them.
• Ensuring passengers disembark safely at the end of a flight and checking that
there is no luggage left in the overhead lockers;
• Completing paperwork, including writing a flight report.

Disembarkation :
• After the baggage checking and security checking ,
• I moved to crew rest area.

Task 6 Describe
and Compare
Boeing 747 $
Airbus A380….

Boeing 747 Airbus A380
• Length 73.00m
• Wingspan 79.80m
• Wings area 845.00 m2
• Height 24.10m
• Engines 4
• Thrust per engine 311 kN
• Total thrust 1,244kN
• MTOW 548,000 kgs
• Range 15,000km
• Cruise speed M0.85
• Capacity 525 Pax
 Length 70.70m
 Wingspan 64.44m
 Wings area 541.20m2
 Height 19.41m
 Engines 4
 Thrust per engine 282kN
 Total thrust 1,128kN
 MTOW 396,900kgs
 Range 13,400km
 Cruise speed M0.85
 Capacity 416Pax

Over view of Boeing 747
• Role - Wide-body jet airliner
• National origin - United States
• Manufacturer - Boeing Commercial Airplanes
• First flight
• 747-8F- February 8, 2010
• 747-8I- March 20, 2011
• Primary users - Cathay Pacific Cargo
Atlas Air
Cargolux Airlines
Lufthansa
• Status- In service

Over view of Airbus A380
• Role- Wide-body , double-deck jet airliner
• National origin- Multi-national
• Manufacturer- Airbus
• First flight- 27 April 2005
• Introduction- 25 October 2007
with Singapore Airlines
• Status- In service
• Primary users- Emirates
Singapore Airlines
Qantas
Lufthansa
• Produced- 2004–present
• Number built- 138 as of 31 July 2014[
• Unit cost US$414.4 million approx. €300 million (2014)

ANALYSING : Capacity
• Boeing 747-8: 467 passengers, in a three-class configuration
• Airbus A380: 525 passengers, in a three-class configuration
• The Airbus is the clear winner in this round, and inspired a rather curt
reaction from Boeing deputy program manager Elizabeth Lund
to Bloomberg , "With an A380, you run the risk of not filling every seat
whenever you fly."

ANALYSING : Length
• Boeing 747-8: 76 meters
• Airbus A380: 72.72 meters
• The Boeing is 3.28 meters longer than the Airbus, officially making it
the longest commercial plane in the world right now.
• Oh, that's good. Who cares how many passengers you can carry --
anything that can be called "the world's longest" is a winner. Boeing
slugs back.

ANALYSING : Internal Cabin Width
• Boeing 747-8: 6.1 meters
• The Intercontinental has the same cabin width as its predecessor (the
Boeing 747-400), but claims to be able to carry 51 more passengers due
to its extra length of 18.3 feet.
• However, Airbus execs have pointed out that the 747-8 has yet to pass
evacuation tests.
• "I am going to be taking that aircraft one day," Airbus chief operating
officer John Leahy told Dow Jones. "I want to be sure that you can get
out of it in an emergency."
• To this, Boeing spokesman Jim Proulx responded that the plane will
meet all certification standards for emergency evacuation.

ANALYSING : Price
• Boeing 747-8: US$317.5 million
• Airbus A380: US$375.3 million
• The Airbus A380-800 sells for nearly US$58 million more than the new
Boeing as of January this year, depending on customization and engine.
• That's not exactly small change. It means for every five A380s you buy
you could get six 747-8s.

ANALYSING : Cruising Speed
• Boeing 747-8: Typical cruise speed at Mach 0.855, top cruise speed:
Mach 0.86 (or 86 percent the speed of sound).
• Airbus A380: Typical cruise speed at Mach 0.85 (from BBC), top cruise
speed at Mach 0.88 (from Airliners.net)
• In terms of typical speed Boeing 747-8 wins, but this is a serious slug-
fest, and there's no time for cruising. We're giving this one to Airbus.

ANALYSING : Range
• Boeing 747-8: 8,000 nautical miles
• Airbus A380: 8,300 nautical miles
• Both planes will be able to cover long haul, trans-continental flights
such as those between New York and Hong Kong, Los Angeles to
Mumbai, and London to Singapore.

ANALYSING : Wing Span
• Boeing 747-8: 68.5 meters
• Airbus chews up the Boeing a few times over when it comes to
wingspan. But both are doing clever things.
• The Boeing's new wing design claims to heighten performance while
lowering noise levels. Its fly-by-wire spoilers and outboard ailerons,
pioneered by the 787 Dream liner, can allegedly save weight.
• The Airbus A380 also has a new wing design (at the time of its launch,
anyway) that employs aluminum alloys for the wing and fuselage, and
composite materials for the center wing box, which reduces the overall
weight of the aircraft.

ANALYSING : Fuel Efficiency
• Boeing 747-8: 2.8 liters per seat per 100 kilometers
• Airbus A380: 2.9 liters per passenger per 100 kilometers (from Nat Geo)
• Both sides regurgitated some rather fuzzy PR when it came to fuel
efficiency, preferring to simply say "the competition is worse"
and compiling estimates based on different underlying assumptions,
especially the average flight length and the number of passengers on
board, as this Nat Geo article explains.
• But while Boeing gave us a hard figure of 2.8 liters per seat per 100
kilometers, Airbus didn't respond, so we assigned them a figure of 2.9
liters per passenger per 100 kilometers, as stated in the Nat Geo article.

RESULT….
# Now that the Boeing 747-8 has received its FAA certification..
What does all this mean? …..
For the serious competition finds out there ,
Airbus comes out on top, five rounds to three.
Rating A 380 : (4 out of 5)
Rating Boeing 747 : (3 out of 5)

Case study of any
actual mishap of an
Aircrash .
REPORT ON ACCIDENT TO AIR INDIA EXPRESS
BOEING 737-800……
Aircraft VT-AXV on 22nd May 2010 at
MANGLORE AIR PORT ……

Air Craft Overview
• Date ` : 22 May 2010
• Summary : Runway overrun due to pilot error
• Site : Beyond runway 24 at Mangalore International Airport
• Passengers : 160
• Crew : 6
• Injuries (non-fatal) : 8
• Fatalities : 158
• Survivors : 8
• Aircraft type :Boeing 737-8HG(SPF)
• Operator : Air India Express RegistrationVT-AXV
• Flight origin : Dubai International Airport , United Arab Emirates
• Destination : Mangalore Airport, India

After getting the parts , they remake the whole aircraft….

Air India Express Flight 812 was a scheduled
passenger service from Dubai to Mangalore, which,
at around 01:00 UTC on 22 May 2010,overshot the
runway on landing, fell over a cliff, and caught fire,
spreading wreckage across the surrounding
hillside. Of the 160 passengers and six crew
members on board, only eight passengers survived.
Overview…..

The accident involved a Boeing 737-800 aircraft, one of Boeing's 737
Next Generation series, with aircraft registration VT–AXV and
manufacturer's serial number 36333, line number 2481.The aircraft first
flew on 20 December 2007 with the Boeing test registration N1787B and
was delivered on 18 January 2008.Commanded by Captain Zlatko Glušica
, the remaining crew consisted of first officer H. S. Ahluwalia and four
flight attendants. Glušica (a former employee of Jet Airways of Serbia),
aged 55, a British and Serbian national with over 10,000 hours of flying
and over 7,500 hours of command experience, and Ahluwalia (a former
employee of Jet Airways who joined Air India Express in April 2009) were
both killed in the incident. Both pilots were based in Mangalore.
Aircraft and crew…..

The flight departed Dubai International Airport at 01:06 GST (21:06 UTC).
It crashed upon landing at Mangalore International Airport at
06:05 IST (00:35 UTC).Situated in a hilly area, the airport is one of seven
Indian airports designated as a "critical airfield" by the Directorate General
of Civil Aviation (DGCA). DGCA rules at critical airfields prohibit
"supervised take offs and landings", so that only the captain (not the first
officer) may pilot an aircraft during take-off and landing .The airport is
one of three airports in India having table top runways (the others
being Kozhikode and Lengpui ) that require heightened awareness and a
very precise landing approach .
Flight …..

Crash……
After touching down on the 8,033-foot (2,448 m) runway 24, the plane overran and
crashed down the hill at its far end. The final conversations between Air traffic control
(ATC) and the pilot prior to the landing showed no indication of distress .The then Civil
Aviation Minister , Praful Patel said that the aircraft was following an Instrument
landing system (ILS) approach for landing on the newer, longer, runway, which was
commissioned in 2006. The pilot reported to ATC that it was 'established' on an ILS
approach about 4.3 miles (6.9 km) from touchdown; landing clearance was then given
at 2,000 feet (610 m) from touchdown. The Aeroplane concluded its ILS approach on
runway 24, touching down 5,200 feet (1,600 m) from the start of the runway, leaving
2,800 feet (850 m) in which to stop.[ It overran the runway and ploughed through a
90-metre (300 ft) sand arrestor bed which did not stop it. As the aircraft passed the
arrestor bed, its starboard wing collided with the concrete socket of the ILS localiser
antenna ; it finally plunged over the edge of the table-top about 790 feet (240 m)
beyond the end of the runway and down the steep hillside coming to a stop 660 to 980
feet (200 to 300 m) metres past the top of the slope

Crash……
"The plane broke in two" said one survivor "and a dense black smoke invaded the cabin.
I jumped out through an opening in the window. Six other passengers followed me.
We fled, with the help of the inhabitants of the nearby village“ . Television footage
from shortly after the crash showed the remains of the aircraft on fire and lying on its
belly with smoke rising from the wreckage.[The minister also stated that weather
conditions were normal with a visibility of 3.7 miles (6.0 km), and said wind
conditions were calm and there was no rain at the time of the crash. A drizzle started
only after the accident.

Crash……
After touching down on the 8,033-foot (2,448 m) runway 24, the plane overran and crashed down the
hill at its far end. The final conversations between Air traffic control (ATC) and the pilot prior to the
landing showed no indication of distress .The then Civil Aviation Minister , Praful Patel said that the
aircraft was following an Instrument landing system (ILS) approach for landing on the newer, longer,
runway, which was commissioned in 2006. The pilot reported to ATC that it was 'established' on an ILS
approach about 4.3 miles (6.9 km) from touchdown; landing clearance was then given at 2,000 feet
(610 m) from touchdown. The Aeroplane concluded its ILS approach on runway 24, touching down
5,200 feet (1,600 m) from the start of the runway, leaving 2,800 feet (850 m) in which to stop.[ It
overran the runway and ploughed through a 90-metre (300 ft) sand arrestor bed which did not stop it.
As the aircraft passed the arrestor bed, its starboard wing collided with the concrete socket of the ILS
localiser antenna ; it finally plunged over the edge of the table-top about 790 feet (240 m) beyond the
end of the runway and down the steep hillside coming to a stop 660 to 980 feet (200 to 300 m) metres
past the top of the slope."The plane broke in two" said one survivor "and a dense black smoke invaded the
cabin. I jumped out through an opening in the window. Six other passengers followed me. We fled, with
the help of the inhabitants of the nearby village“ . Television footage from shortly after the crash showed
the remains of the aircraft on fire and lying on its belly with smoke rising from the wreckage.[The
minister also stated that weather conditions were normal with a visibility of 3.7 miles (6.0 km), and said
wind conditions were calm and there was no rain at the time of the crash. A drizzle started only after the
accident.

Investigation Report
Initial investigations revealed that the plane landed at least 2,000 feet
(610 m) beyond the usual touch down point on Mangalore's new 8,040-
foot (2,450 m) runway 24. A team of airline officials, staff and officials
from the Airports Authority of India and officers of the Directorate
General of Civil Aviation (India) were rushed to the scene to investigate
the accident and assist with rescue efforts. Boeing also announced that a
team would be sent to provide technical assistance following a request
from Indian authorities. The Directorate General of Civil Aviation ordered
an inquiry into the crash, which began the same day. The NTSB also
assisted the investigation by sending a team of specialists including a
senior air safety investigator, a flight operations specialist, an aircraft
systems specialist and technical advisers for Boeing and the Federal
Aviation Administration.

Cause….
Captain Glušica was given clearance to land, however, he suddenly aborted the attempted
landing. The aircraft's throttle handle was found in the forward position, suggesting that
the pilot had attempted to abort the landing and take off again. The co-pilot Ahluwalia had
warned his commander three times to go around instead of landing; the first of these
warnings had come 2.5 miles before the runway threshold.
The enquiry report submitted by the Civil Aviation Ministry claimed that Glušica
slept for over 90 minutes during the flight. The Air India Express IX 812 Boeing
737-800 carrying 166 people from Dubai including the crew, crashed while
negotiating a tricky landing at Mangalore city's "table-top" airport overlooking a
ravine. The American National Transportation Safety Board says it was the first
instance of snoring recorded on a Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR). Analysis of the
accident revealed that had the pilot "deployed détente reverse thrust and applied
maximum manual braking at touchdown", the aircraft could have been stopped
within the paved overrun area of the runway. The captain had exacerbated the
long landing by attempting a go-around following deployment of the thrust
reversers.

Cockpit Voice Recorder/Flight Data Recorder….
Data recorders in damaged condition…

Bibiliography……
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_India_Express_Flight_812
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbus_A380
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_747
• http://businesstoday.intoday.in/categorylist/12/1/aviation.html
• http://www.firstpost.com/tag/air-india
• http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Indian-Airlines

Conclusion…….
In the few days of aviation class , I understood
the basic outline of aircrafts ,service procedures,
responsibilities of a cabin crew, different
medical emergencies . I once again thank
Ms. Jyothi Thomas for enough support and
guidance.

Frankfinn Aviation Assignment 2015

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Frankfinn Aviation Assignment 2015