concept of resilience and self healing in smart grid

1. concept of resilience and
self healing in smart grid
KUNDAN KUMAR
12EBKEE047

2. What is Smart Grid
 Smart Grid is simply a communications system overlay on the existing
electrical grid to make the electrical grid more controllable and much
more efficient in the delivery of energy. The communications systems will
be connected to strategically placed sensors throughout all four segments
of the electrical grid: Generation, Transmission, Distribution and Consumers.
 A smart grid is a modernized electrical grid that uses analog or
digital information and communications technology to gather and act on
information - such as information about the behaviours of suppliers and
consumers - in an automated fashion to improve the efficiency, reliability,
economics, and sustainability of the production and distribution of
electricity. Electronic power conditioning and control of the production
and distribution of electricity are important aspects of the smart grid.

3. Key defining Functions
 Enable Active Participation by Customers
 Accommodate All Generation and Storage Options
 Enable New Products, Services, and Markets
 Provide Power Quality for the Digital Economy
 Optimize Asset Utilization and Operate Efficiently
 Anticipate and Respond to System Disturbances
 Operate Resilienntly Against Attacks and Natural Disasters.

4. Self-Healing - What is it?
 Self-healability is the property that enables a system to perceive that it is
not operating correctly and, without human intervention, make the
necessary adjustments to restore itself to normality.
 Dependable systems: Systems that are globally trustworthy with respect to
their ability to always deliver its service. Fault-tolerant systems: Systems in
which faults may occur but do not affect the performance of the system.
Resilient systems: Systems that could reconfigure to harness disturbances.
As oppose to these three definitions that specify the goals but not the
means, self-healability aims at correcting or put right undesirable system
situations. That is an active approach that operationalize the definitions
stated above

5. Self-Healing Grid - Vision
 A self-healing grid is expected to respond to threats, material failures, and
other destabilizing influences by preventing or containing the spread of
disturbances. This requires the following capabilities:
 Timely recognition of impending problems
 Redeployment of resources to minimize adverse impacts
 A fast and coordinated response to evolving disturbances
 Minimization of loss of service under any circumstances
 Minimization of time to reconfigure and restore service

6. Definition: Resilience
 The capability of a strained body to recover its size and shape after
deformation caused especially by compressive stress
 An ability to recover from or adjust easily to misfortune or change
 Resilience is the property of a material to absorb energy when it is deformed
elastically and then, upon unloading to have this energy recovered. In other words,
it is the maximum energy per volume that can be elastically stored. It is represented
by the area under the curve in the elastic region in the Stress‐Strain diagram.

7. Grid Components
Generation Transmission Distribution

8. Transmission – Approaches
 Optimal Routing/Rerouting
 Multiple transmission lines - balanced routing
 Adaptive active islanding
 Priority of Loads (Hospitals Vs. Houses)

9. Graph theoretical approach
 The grid is represented as a directional
weighted graph.
 The nodes of the graph are generators,
storage, interconnects or demand units.
 The edges of the graph, namely the
connections between the nodes, are
transmission lines.

10. Graph theoretical approach (2)
 The Grid can be represented as a multi-weighted directed graph G = (N, L, C,
D) consisting of N ={n1, n 2, … , nN} nodes, L={l1, l 2, … , l N} links of lengths
D={d1,d 2,…, nN} and capacities C={c1 , c 2 , … , c N }
 Node strength:
 Impedance:
 Clustering co-efficient, community structures, cascading models, resiliency

11. Distribution – Approaches
 Automatic Meter Reading.
 Shedding with priorities.
 Consumer based; e.g., Hospitals / Offices Vs. Houses.
 Service based; e.g., lights Vs. Air Conditioning.
 Dynamic Pricing.

12. Automatic Meter Reading Process –
Preparation Phase.
Asset
Codification
Asset GIES
Mapping
Network
Planning

13. Automatic Meter Reading Process
Network Rollout
MDMS
(Mapped
Distribution
Management
System)
DT AMR
Residential
Costumer
AMR
Industrial
Costumer
AMR
Broadband Over
Power Line
Fiber Optics
Wireless

14. Automatic Meter Reading Process
MDMS Snapshots

15. Automatic Meter Reading Process
Network Analytics
Consumer Profiling
Billing and Collection
Report Generation
Network Planning
Theft identification and
Avoidance
Complaint management
and Log

16. Automatic Meter Reading – The whole
process
data acquisition
Server
Web Server
Database
Data Analysis Server
Consumer Profiting
Billing and Collection
Network Loss Manage
Report Generation
Supplier Profiting
Network Planning
Theft Identification
Data Analysis
Database Management
•Connection related
•Theft ManagementLine Men
•Bill delivery to consumers
•Spot bill collection
Accounts
•Network design
•Load analysis
Engineering

17. Summary
 Self-healing has to be a critical characteristic of Smart Grid
 Has to be incorporated and supported by all components (Generation,
Transmission, Distribution and Consumers)
 Several ongoing studies lead by EPRI

18. The Self‐Healing Grid

19. Challenges
 Management of Precursors and their Signatures (Identifying & Measuring
Precursors), including DDRs, WAMS.
 Fast look‐ahead simulation and modelling capability.
 Adaptive and Emergency Control; Rapid Restoration.
 Impact of all pertinent dynamic interactive layers including.
 Fuel supply (Oil & Gas), Information, Communication and Protection layes.
 Electricity Markets and Policy/Regulatory layers.

20. Conclusions
 Utility systems are tempting targets.
 Cyber attacks are very probable.
 We know what we need to do to prevent & mitigate attacks.
 The industry and government are working on solutions, and a lot remains to
be done.