More Related Content Similar to Madamcurrie (20) Madamcurrie3. • 1903 Â s_Iz-dÂ, ]nbdn
Iyqdn, amUw Iyqdn F¶n-
hÀ¡v ^nkn-Ivkn-pÅ
tm_Âk-½mw.
• 1911 Â amUw Iyqdn¡v ck-
X-{´-¯n-epÅ tm_Â
k½m-w.
• ^nkn-Ivknepw sIan-kv{Sn-
bnepw tm_Âk½mw
e`n¨ Htc Hcp hyàn
amUw Iyqdn-bm-Wv.
4. • tdUntbmBIvSn-h-X-bpsS
XpSÀ]-T--¯npw Kth-j-
W-¯n-p-apÅ kw`m-h--
IÄ¡mbncp¶p ^nkn-Ivkn-
pÅ tm_Âk-½mw.
• s]mtfm-Wn-bhpw tdUn-
bhpw I−p-]n-Sn-¨Xnpw
Ah thÀXn-cn-s¨-Sp-¡m-
pÅ cmk-{]-{Inb hnI-kn-
¸n-¨Xn-p-amWv ck-X-{´-¯n-
epÅ tm_Â k½m-w.
5. 1867 hw_À 7 v
t]mf−nse
hmÀkbn Pn¨p.
tacn kvt¢mtUmhvkvIn
F¶mWv bYmÀ° t]c.v
Iq«pImcpw ho«pImcpw
Ahsf enänÂanb F¶p
hnfn¨p.
8. • t]mf-−nse tZiob ka-c-§-fn tacn-bpsS
AÑ-tâbpw A½-bp-tSbpw IpSpw-_mw-K-§Ä
kPoh ]¦mfn-I-fm-bn-cp-¶p.
• AXp-aqew Ah-cpsS kz¯p-¡Ä jvS-am-bn.
• tacn-bpsS Xe-apd AXn-m km¼-¯nI
]cm-[o--X-I-fn s]«p.
9. • tacn-¡pw aq¯ ktlm-Zcn
“t{_mWn-Ém-h”¡pw ]Tn-
¡Wsa¶v B{K-l-ap-−m-bn-
cp-¶p.
• F¶m AXn-pÅ ]Ww
D−m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã.
• BZyw tacn tPmen sNbvXv
]W-ap-−m-¡m-sa¶pw c−p
hÀjw Ignªv tacnsb
]Tn-¡m³ klm-bn-¨mÂ
aXn-sb¶pw AhÀ Iq«mbn
Xocp-am-n-¨p.
10. • ktlm-Z-cn-amÀ Ah-cpsS hm¡p ]men-¨p.
• AX-p-k-cn¨v t{_mWn-Ém-hsb ]Tn-¸n-¡m³ aq¶p
hoSp-I-fn tacn tPmen-sN-bvXp.
• t{_mWn-Ém-hbpsS nÀ_-Ô-¯nv hg§n 1891 Â
]T--¯n-mbn tacn ]mco-kn-te¡v t]mbn.
12. • kvIqÄ Hm^v ^nknIvkv
B³Uv sIan-kv{Sn-bnÂ
C³kv{S-IvSÀ Bbn tPmen
tm¡p-I-bm-bn-cp¶p
]nb-dn.
• tacn-bpsS BZy Kth-j-W-
ta-J-e-bmb Im´n-I-X-bn-
epÅ Xmev]-cy-amWv
]nb-dntbbpw tacn-tbbpw
ASp-¸n-¨-Xv.
14. FIvkvþtd ¡v kam--amb
HcpXcw civan-IÄ
bp-td-nb¯n n¶pw
]pd¯p hcp¶Xmbn
sl³{Sn _Iz-d Is−¯n.
Cu hnIn-c-W-§-sf-¸än
Bbn-cp¶p
tacn-bpsS Kth-j-W-hn-j-bw.
16. Bä-¯n-p-Ån-Â S¡p-
¶ GtXm {]{In-bbmWv
Cu hnIn-c-W-ap−m¡p-
¶-sX¶ nK-a--¯nÂ
AhÀ F¯nt¨À¶p.
tacn CXnv ‘tdUntbm
BIvSn-hnän’ F¶p
t]cn«p.
19. 1898 Pqssebn bptd-n-b-
t¯-¡mÄ tdUn-tbm- B-
IvSnhXbpÅ Hcp ]pXnb
]ZmÀ°w AhÀ thÀXn-cn-s¨-
Sp-¯p.
Xsâ P·-m-SntmSpÅ
AZ-ay-amb {]Xn-]¯n-
sIm−v Cu ]pXnb
]ZmÀ°s¯ tacn
‘s]mtfm-Wnbw’ F¶p
hnfn-¨p.
20. 1899 Pp-h-cn-bnÂ
bptd-n-b-t¯-¡mÄ
]¯p-e£w C-c«n
tdUn-tbm-B-IvSn-h-X-
bpÅ Hcp aqeIw IqSn
Is−-¯n. CXnv
‘tdUnbw’ F¶v t]cv
ÂIn.
21. tacnbpsS ]T§fn n¶pÅ {][m
Is−-¯epIÄ tdUnbw {]Im-ihpw NqSpw
]pd-¯p-hnSp¶p F¶Xpw Cu hnIn-c-W-§Ä
ssPh-tIm-i-§sf in-¸n¡p¶p F¶-Xpam-Wv.
23. tdUn-b-hpw AXn-tmSv
kmay-apÅ KpW-[À½-§-
fpÅ t_cn-bhpw AS-
§nb k¦oÀ®-amb Hcp
[mXp-hmWv ]n¨v»³Uv.
AXn-m tdUnbw am{Xw
thÀXn-cn-s¨-Sp-¡pI Gsd
t¢i-I-c-am-Wv. 1898 Bb-
t¸m-tg¡pw IyqdnZ¼-Xn-amÀ
t_cnbw H«pw Ie-cm¯
Hcev]w td-Unbw
thÀXn-cn-s¨-Sp-¯p.
24. • 1902 Bb-t¸mtg¡pw Hcp S¬
]n¨v»³Un n¶pw 0.1 {Kmw tdUnbw
t¢mssdUv AhÀ thÀXncn-s¨-Sp-¯p.
• 1910 Bb-t¸mtg¡pw IqSnb Af-hnÂ
tdUnbw Hä¡v thÀXncn-s¨-Sp-¡mpÅ
sshZKv[yw tacn BÀPn¨p Ign-ªn-cp¶p.
25. • ]n¨vs»³Un n¶pw ip²-amb tdUnbw
thÀXn-cn-s¨-Sp-¡m-pÅ cmk-{]-{In-b-bpsS t]äâv
kz´-am-¡m³ tacn B{K-ln-¨n-Ã.
• imkv{X-k-aq-l-¯nv Cu hnZy kz´-am-Is«
F¶m-W-hÀ B{K-ln-¨-Xv.
26. •1906þÂ Hcp IpXn-c-h−nb-]-
I-S-¯n ]nb-dn-Iyqdn ac-W-a-
S-ªp.
•tdUn-tbm-B-IvSohv hnIn-c-W-
§Ä [mcm-f-ambn GäXnmÂ
]nbdn ZpÀ_-e-m-bn-cps¶¶v
Duln-¡ps¶-¦nepw A]-ISw
D−m-bXv AXp-sIm-−mWv
F¶-Xnv hyà-amb sXfn-
shm¶pw CÃ.
27. • ]nb-dn-bpsS acWw
tacnsb hÃmsX
XfÀ¯n.
• Kth-j-W-¯n ebn-¨-
Xp-sIm-−p-am-{X-amWv
B ZpJ-¯n n¶pw
A-hÀ Ic-I-b-dn-b-Xv.
28. • tkmÀ-t_m-¬ kÀh-I-em-
im-e-bn ]nb-dn-sb BZ-
cn-¡p-¶-Xnpth−n D−m-
¡s¸« s{]m^-k-À
]Zhn 1906 Â tacn¡p
ÂIn.
• A§s tacn tkmÀ-t_m-
Wnse BZy hn-Xm-
s{]m-^-k-dm-bn.
29. ]nb-dn-bpsS t]cnÂ
ma-I-cWw sN¿-
s¸« tdUnbw
C³Ìn-«yq-«nsâ
]Wn-IÄ 1914
BKÌnÂ
]qÀ¯o-I-cn¨p.
{^©p-K-h¬saân n¶pÅ [-k-lm-b-t¯msS
nÀ½n¨ C³Ìn-äyq«v {][m--ambpw sshZyimkv{X
ta-J-e-bn-se Kth-j-W§Ä¡p th-−n-bmWv
Øm]n-X-am-bXv.
30. •C³Ìn-äyq«v Bcw`n¨v
A[nIw sshImsX H¶mw
temIalm-bp²w s]m«n-¸p-d-
s¸«p.
•AtXmsS C³Ìn-äyq-«nse
tPmen-¡m-cpsS F®w
sh«n-¡p-d-¡-s¸-«p.
•tacnbpw aIÄ sFdnpw
am{X-am-Wv A¶v C³Ìn-äyq-
«n Ah-ti-jn-¨-Xv.
35. •1918 Â bp²w Ah-km-n-¨-
t¸mÄ tacn Xsâ a¡-fmb
sFdn-tâbpw Cuhn-tâbpw
H¸w Gsd mÄ sNe-
hgn¨p.
•c−p aq¶p hÀj-¯nv
tijw ]mco-knse C³Ìn-
äyq-«n Xncn-s¨¯n Xsâ
tdUnbw Kthj-W-§-fnÂ
apgpIn.
39. • Cu hnIn-c-W-§Ä aqew D−m-
Ip¶ A¹m-ÌnIv Ao-anb
F¶ tcmKw _m[n-¨-tXmsS
tacnbpsS BtcmKyw Ap-
Znw £bn¨p h¶p.
• tacn ssIImcyw sNbvXn-cp¶
t]¸-dp-IÄ t]mepw hfsc
A]-I-S-Im-cn-I-fm-sW¶v Is−-
¯n-b-Xp-sIm−v seUvsse-n-
§pÅ s]«n-I-fn-emWv C¶h
kq£n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.
40. 1934 Pqsse 4 v
Ing-¡³ {^m³knse
Hcp km-täm-dn-b-¯n h¨v
B al-¯mb Pohn-X-¯nv
Xnc-Èoe hoWp.
41. • 1903þ^n-kn-Ivkn tm_ k½mw
• 1911-þ-sI-an-kv{Sn-bn tm_ k½mw
• 1903-þ-tUhn saUÂ
• 1904-þ-am-äyqkn saUÂ
• 1909-þ-F-en-b«v {Ik¬ saUÂ
• {^©v eoPn-b³ Hm^v HmWÀ
• t]m-f−nse tem t]mfn-sS-Ivn-Iv,
s]mkvm³ kÀh-I-em-im-e, {Iqt¡mhv
PmKn-sb-tÃm-Wn-b³ - kÀh-I-em-im-e,
hmgvk t]mfn-sS-IvnIv F¶n-h-bpsS
HmW-ddn tUmIvS-tdäv
42. • 1935-þ-hmgvkm tdUnbw C³Ìn-äyq-«nsâ
ap¶n amUw Iyqdn-bpsS {]Xna
• 1967þ amUw Iyqdn-bpsS HmÀ½bv¡v
hmgvk-bn ayqkn-bw.
• tdUn-tbm-B-IvSo-h-X-bpsS bqWn-änv
Iyqdn F¶p t]cp ÂIn.
• Atäm-an-IvkwJy 96 DÅ aqe-I-¯nv
Iyqdnbw F¶p t]cp ÂIn.
• Iyqssd-äv, kvtImtkmhv kvssIäv,
Ipt{]m-kvtIm-tkmhvkv kvssIäv
F¶nh bptd-nbw [mXp-¡Ä¡p
ÂInb t]cp-IÄ.
• {^m³knsâ Ìm¼v, ]gb 500 {^m¦v
tm«v, mW-b-§Ä Ch-bn amUw
Iyqdn-bpsS Nn{Xw.
43. • tm_Âk½mw tSnb BZy hn-X.
• c−p taJ-e-I-fn tm_ k½mw
tSnb Htc Hcp hnX.
• tkmÀ-t_m-¬ kÀh-I-em-im-e-bnse
BZy hnXm s{]m^-kÀ.
• ]mcokv ]m´n-tbm-Wn-te¡v tijn-¸p-
IÄ amä-s¸« BZy hnX.
F¶n«pw
{^©v kb³kv A¡m-Uan
tacn¡v AwKXzw ÂIn-bn-Ã.
hnX Bb-Xp-sIm-−p-am-{Xw.
44. bps-kvtImbv¡v th−n
yq kbânÌv amK-kn³ 2009 Â
S-¯nb thms«-Sp-¸nÂ
imkv{X-¯nÂ
Gähpw Bth-iw-sIm-Ån-¡p¶ hn-X-bmbn
sXc-sª-Sp-¡-s¸-«Xv aäm-cp-ambn-cp¶n-Ã.
amUw Iyqdn Xs¶.
45. am-hnI aqey-§-fpsS DZm-¯-am-Xr-I.
{]Xn-_-²-X-bpÅ imkv{X-K-th-j-I.
ASn-bp-d¨ kmaq-ly-t_m-[w.
efn-X-amb Pohn-X-ssi-en.
hn-X-I-fpsS hgn-Im-«n.
am-h-cm-in-¡v PohnXw _en-bÀ¸n¨ t]mcmfn.
46. amUw Iyqdn-
F-s¶¶pw
ap¡v Bth-ihpw amXr-Ibpw
Bbn-cn-¡s«.