Pakistan Agriculture related pests

2. Presented by:
Muhammad Kamran
Asad Hayat
Sajid Amin
Ali Hassan
Farrukh Sajjad
Presented to: Sir Sajjad 6th Entomology

3. T.N: Ploceus philippinus
Family: Ploceidae
Order: Passeriformes
Class: Aves
Phylum: Chordata

4. Indian Subcontinent Southeast Asia.

5. Sparrow-sized (15 cm)
Plumage: In non-breeding plumage both
males and females resemble female house
sparrows
Mating calls: continuous chit-chit-… ending in
a wheezy cheee-eee-ee…..
Hanging retort shaped nests woven from
leaves on the eastern side of the tree to
shelter from the Southwest Monsoon

8. The males are polygynous, mating with 2 to 3
females one after another
The female lays about 2 to 4 white eggs
The females are responsible for incubating
and bringing up the brood
They nest in colonies typically of up to 20-30
close to the source of food

9. Social and gregarious birds
They forage in flocks for seeds
Both on the plants and on the ground
Known to glean paddy and other grain in
harvested fields
occasionally damage ripening crops
wild grasses
Feeding on seedlings in the germination stage
as well as on early stages of grain
Grain loss can be of 1 kg rice per bird

10. Traditional bird scaring methods
Use of model or actual dead birds

11. Method of partially treating paddy field
After flowering stage
By attracting birds by artificial roosting
To the treated area(with carbofuran)
1-10 % of total cultivated area
The pesticide must be very toxic and bird
repellent

14. Multivoltine
Eggs :seed-like shiny laid singly
Incubation : 5-10 days
larva : 14-21 days
Pupal : 7-11 days
A complete life cycle occupies 4 to 5 weeks
Pupation occurs in earthern cells several
centimetres below the soil surface

15. A
C
B
D
E

16. Sweet potato
Other Convolvulaceae
Several important legumes

17. The larva is a large voracious caterpillar
Extremely sluggish
Capable of defoliating the plant.
Feeds on the leaf blade causing large irregular holes
Eventually eats the entire leaf blade leaving only the
petiole.
Preferring young leaves, but will eat all leaves if population
is high
Frass can be found near the infested
plant part

19. Pesticide use is not recommended as it
disrupts the action of the egg and larval
parasites

20. T. N : Mythimna separata
Family : Noctuidae
Order : Lepidoptera

21. Adult : pale brown
Larvae : Freshly emerged larvae very active dull white and later
turn green

23. Larvae

24. In the early stages they feed on tender leaves
in the central whorl of plant.
As they grow they feed on older leaves and
skeltonize totally.
In case of severe attack whole leaves
including mid rib are consumed.

25. Field looks as grazed by cattle.
Pest may also eat away ears, awns , and the
immature grain.
The yield losses up to 42% have been
reported.

26. Pest can be suppressed by collecting and
destroying the Catterpillar.
Chemical control :
Spray 500ml of Dichlorvos 85 SL
3 kg of Carbonyl 50 WP
1 L of quinalphos
In 250 L of water per ha.

27. Kingdom : Animalia
Phylum : Chordata
Class : Aves
Order : Passeriformes
Family : Corvidae
Genus : Corvus
Species: Splendens

28. The forehead throat and upper breast are a
richly glossed black, whilst the neck and
breast are a lighter grey-brown in colour.
The wings, tail and legs are also black.

30. Crow is a primary consumer and omnivorous
in nature.
It may feed on dead rats ,carrion ,kitchen
scraps, locusts ,termites , the eggs of other
birds and the ripening grain of Maize and
Fruits.
Cause more damage in the seedling stage
than the mature.
predator of small animals, including
amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.

32. Biological parasite : Eudynamys scolopacea
A dead crow hanging on the top of pole in the
field can be effectively used.
Destroy egg and nest during June-August.
The Maize cobs on the plant can be protected
by wrapping one.
A large wire gauze having on one side a
converging entrance.

34.  T. N : Thysanoplusia orichalcea
 Family : Noctuidae
 Order : Lepidoptera

35. Adult Larvae
Adult : color light palish brown
Large golden patch on eachforewing
Larvae : Plump and palish green

36.  pollyphagous
 Cause damage by bitting round holes into cabbage
leaves.
 Bitting holes varry according to their stage of
development
 Loss of qulity nd quantity
 Very difficult to identify
 on walking look like semi loops
and cabbage catter plillar

37.  Hand picking
 Mechanical destruction
 Spray 1 L of malathion50EC
 925 ML of Endusulfan
 In 250L of water per ha

39.  It has a typical length of 16 cm
 Females and young birds are coloured pale
brown and grey
 Males have brighter black, white, and brown
markings

40. The House Sparrow is monogamous
 Two to six eggs are white spotted with
grayish spots
Incubation period 11–14 days
They have a long breeding season July to
April, with peak breeding between
September and February.
Two or three broods are commonly raised
during this season

41.  Vegetables and cereals
 Most abundant in oats and wheat-growing
areas
 Feeds on the seeds of grains and weeds and
eats whatever foods are available
The proportion of seeds as diet = 90%
 Buds, berries, and fruits such as grapes and
cherries

42. Young House Sparrows are fed mostly on
insects until about fifteen days after hatching
Can act as a vector of diseases

43. Destruction of roosting and nesting sites
Encourage the cats
Close all openings over 2 cm
Poultry houses and feeders
should be screened
Removal of hedgerows adjacent to crop
Fields
 Alternate the use of several audio and visual
frightening devices
Fenthion by using Rid-A-Bird® perches.

44. Taxonomy:
Order: Hemiptera
Family:Aphididae
T.N: Macrosiphum Miscanthi

45. Identification:
The insects are green louse like.
The nymphs and the females look alike.
It breeds at a fast rate during cold weather
increased population in February-March
The females give birth to young ones
Parthenogenetically.
In October-November, the aphids again
appear on wheat.

46. Adult and Nymph

47. Damage:
The nymphs and adults suck the sap
particularly from their ears.
The damage is particularly severe in years of
cold and cloudy weather.
A heavily manured, well-irrigated and
succulent crop will harbour the pest for a
longer period and suffer greater damage.

48. Control:
Spray 375 ml of dimethoate 30 EC or
oxydemeton methyl 25 EC or monocrotophos
36SL in 500 L of water per ha. Since the
aphids appear first on the borders of the crop,
spray only the infected strip to check further
spread.
Coccinella spp is used to control aphid.

49. T.N: Athalia Lugens
Family:Tenthredinidae
Order: Hymenoptera

50. Identification:
Adult:
Head and thorax is black in colour.
Abdomen is orange colour.
Wings are translucent, smoky with black veins.

51. Identification:
Larvae: -
Greenish black with wrinkled body and has eight pairs of
pro-legs.
On touch the larva falls to ground and feigns death.

52. Damage:
Cole crops (mustard, cabbage, cauliflower,
radish, etc.)
Other host plants in family Brassicaceae.
Leaves defoliated from the margins and
presence of dark brown or black caterpillars
with black head, swollen thorax, yellow
spotted body and more than seven pairs of
legs aggregating on the cut edges of leaves.

53. Control:
Summer ploughing to destroy the pupa.
Early sowing should be done.
Maintain clean cultivation.
Apply irrigation in seedling stage is very crucial
for sawfly management because most of the
larvae die due to drowning effect. Severe cold
reduces pest load.
Collection and destruction of grubs of saw fly in
morning and evening

54. Control:
Conserve Perilissus cingulator (parasitoids of the
grubs), and the bacterium Serratia
marcescens which infect the larvae of sawfly.
Use of bitter gourd seed oil emulsion as on anti-
feedant.
Spray the crop with malathion 50 EC @ 1000
ml/ha quinolphos 25 EC @ 625ml/ha. All this
should be applied in about
600 to 700 litres of water per ha.

55. MUSTARD
APHID

56. Scientific name: Lipaphis erysimi
Family: Aphididae
Order: Homoptera

57. Soft bodied ,small sized
Female aphids yellowish green or olive green
A pair of cornicles on fifth abdominal segment
Male aphids are dusky green to olive in colour

58. Eggs lay along the veins of leave
Four nymphal instar are present
Nymphal stage consist 9-8 days
After the last molt ,pass 2-3 days start producing
youngones

61. Both stage cause damage
Suk the cell sap
Advanced stage plant may be die or wither
Honey dew secrete which promote sooty mold
Vector of many diseases

63. Use resistance verities
Crop sown before 20th October
Avoid excess use of fertilizer
Destroyed effected parts of plants
Use imidachloprid 250gm/acre

64. PAINTED BUG

65.  Scientific name Bagrada hilaris
 Family pentatomidae
 Order Hemiptera

66.  Adult is 5-7mm long
 Black shield shaped body with white and
orange marking
 Female are larger than male
 Female lay egg beneath host plant
 Five nymphal instar

68. Number of generation depend upon climatic
condition
Multivoltine
Eggs hatch in four days
Eggs are barrel shaped and white in color
Later on change into orange color
Prefer cold temperature
All stages present on plant parts
Nymphal stage remain 2 to 3weeks
Five nymphal instar
it also attack on weed like lambs quarters

69. Different Stages

72. Both adult and nymph feed on leaves, stem and seed
Feed on plant juices
Seedlings are more effected by them
Plant become wither and ultimate die

73. Carefully monitor the plant damage
Remove weed present near the pod