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Manipulating Teacher Presence In Online Learning
- 1. Manipulating Teacher Presence in Online Learning: The Impact on Learning Effectiveness Kathleen M. Sheridan Melissa A. Kelly L. K. Curda
- 14. Initial Results: Enrollment in Prior Online Courses
- 16. Initial Results: Expected Hours and Effort
- 17. Midpoint and Endpoint Results: Sense of Community Scale High Teaching Moderate Teaching t Mean SD Mean SD Connectedness 37.79 6.26 37.80 6.44 -0.03 Learning 40.01 5.94 40.35 6.54 -0.52
- 18. Midpoint and Final Results: Change in Sense of Community
- 19. Midpoint and Final Results: Presence Ratings Scale High Teaching Moderate Teaching t Mean SD Mean SD Teaching Presence 4.39 0.60 4.37 0.66 0.50 Social Presence 4.10 0.60 4.05 0.60 1.10 Cognitive Presence 4.26 0.56 4.31 0.58 -0.81
- 20. Midpoint and Final Results: Change in Sense of Presence
- 21. Midpoint and Final Results: Presence Ratings Presence High Teaching Moderate Teaching t Subscale Mean SD Mean SD Teaching Design and Organization 4.52 0.59 4.52 0.57 -0.07 Facilitation 4.35 0.64 4.33 0.71 0.48 Direct Instruction 4.31 0.74 4.25 0.79 0.79 Social Affective Expression 3.94 0.70 3.86 0.74 1.21 Open Communication 4.24 0.73 4.26 0.62 -0.42 Group Cohesion 4.14 0.65 4.04 0.73 1.52 Cognitive Triggering Event 4.22 0.67 4.19 0.67 0.54 Exploration 4.31 0.58 4.37 0.58 -0.90 Integration 4.27 0.57 4.37 0.59 -1.62 Resolution 4.31 0.52 4.40 0.61 -1.64
- 22. Midpoint and Final Results: Change in Sense of Presence
- 24. Results: Correlations among Midpoint Presence Subscales **Correlation significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed) Scale Subscale L DO F DI AE OC GC TE E I R Connectedness (C) .76** .52** .58** .61** .68** .50** .72** .58** .52** .48** .40** Learning (L) .64** .61** .66** .59** .66** .701** .63** .58** .64** .55** Teaching Presence Design and Organization ( DO) .74** .78** .60** .48** .54** .67** .54** .61** .55** Facilitation (F) .80** .69** .60** .66** .79** .61** .69** .66** Direct Instruction (DI) .64** .53** .59** .67** .59** .62** .56** Social Presence Affective Expression (AE) .59** .67** .63** .64** .61** .48** Open Communication (OC) .71** .61** .64** .67** .62** Group Cohesion (GC) .71** .70** .70** .60** Cognitive Presence Triggering Event (TE) .68** .73** .65** Exploration (E) .83** .69** Integration (I) .78** Resolution (R)
- 25. Results: Correlations among Endpoint Presence Subscales **Correlation significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed) Scale Subscale L DO F DI AE OC GC TE E I R Connectedness (C) .63** .56** .64** .63** .71** .42** .74** .70** .72** .67** .60** Learning (L) .67** .72** .71** .55** .40** .63** .63** .66** .66** .63** Teaching Presence Design and Organization (DO) .86** .81** .59** .50** .62** .61** .66** .68** .74** Facilitation ( F) .92** .69** .50** .71** .75** .78** .80** .78** Direct Instruction ( DI) .72** .53** .69** .76** .78** .81** .79** Social Presence Affective Expression ( AE) .52** .70** .59** .64** .66** .55** Open Communication ( OC) .67** .57** .53** .54** .57** Group Cohesion (GC) .75** .77** .68** .72** Cognitive Presence Triggering Event (TE) .80** .79** .80** Exploration (E) .86** .82** Integration ( I) .807** Resolution (R)
- 26. Results: Changes in ARCS Scales Scale Initial Midpoint Endpoint Significance Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD F HF p Effect size Attention 4.13 0.49 4.16 0.62 3.96 0.69 5.30 0.01 0.07 Relevance 4.59 0.42 4.54 0.47 4.54 0.52 0.79 > 0.05 0.01 Confidence 4.25 0.53 4.26 0.50 4.25 0.60 0.07 > 0.05 0.00 Satisfaction 3.97 0.60 3.93 0.71 4.04 0.73 0.67 > 0.05 0.01
- 27. Results: Changes in ARCS Scales
Notas do Editor
- Initial survey Demographics Instructional preferences Student expectations Course Interest Survey Midpoint Survey and Final Survey Community of Inquiry Survey Social, cognitive, and teaching presence Classroom Community Scale -Connectedness and learning Course Interest Survey Attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction
- 71 students who completed all 3 surveys
- This is a dependent ,means t test to see if the sense of connectedness and sense of learning community changed from high to moderate teacher presence. Sense of learning community did change however it is not significant. And there were No mean differences significant at 0.05 level Their sense of learning community is the community fostering learning as a whole rather than just “my” learning.
- The fact that sense of learning community went up could just be because the students have been in the class together for a whole term. Change is not significant anyway.
- No mean differences significant at 0.05 level
- No mean differences significant at 0.05 level
- How a students sense of connectedness is correlated to Learning, Teaching presence, social Presence and Cognitive Presence. These are all significant at the.01 level. This means that there is a relationship between my sense of connectedness in this course and teaching presence, learning, social and cognitive presence.
- How is my sense of learning connectedness related to each of these aspects of teaching, social and cognitive presence at the mid point (after high teaching presence).
- This slide shows the same thing at the endpoint.
- These are the things that the course interest survey measured. The only item that was significant is attention. Attention is defined as Capturing the students attention, creating curiosity etc. How well the course “gets their attention” This chart shows that attention goes up at the midpoint but slightly down by the end.
- Is there a relationship between how interesting perceive the course at the start and my sense of community either at the midpoint or end of the course. Only the significant correlations are reported here. My
- This slide shows that this is significant at the .001 level.
- There is a positive relationship between perceived learning and sense of connectedness at mod as well as high teaching presence conditions
- This slide is telling us that a students perception of perceived learning at both the mid and endpoint are correlated to each of the items listed under the various categories My perceived learning at the middle of the course is not related to my perceived learning, but it is at the end point
- The items that are listed had the highest mean rating of importance. These items also had the lowest variability (standard deviation less than 1). This slide shows us that the majority of the students thought that these items were very important. We have collapsed the items into a category we call: “Making sure the students know what is expected in all aspects of the course (i.e., participation, requirements, due dates, topics, goals etc.) and following through
- This slide shows us the items that had the lowest mean rating of importance. We chose any items that had a variation above 3. We have collapsed the items into a category we call: Mimicking “Face –to Face” Item number one is a special item in that we had other items that show us that student want a response sooner that a week, thus, one week is too long.
- This slide shows us the items that had the most variation among the ratings. We chose any items that had a variation above 3. We have collapsed the items into a category we call: Mimicking “Face –to Face” Item number one is a special item in that we had other items that show us that student want a response sooner that a week, thus, one week is too long.