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+   LED 1
                                           R1
                                                    +
            R3
                            555
                           timer      R2
                             +
                                 C1
                                                -


  M E NTE R JE M AH LUKISAN
SKE M ATIK KE PADA LUKISAN
BERGAM BAR DAN M E M BUAT
            PR OJE K
                 Oleh :
                 Krysaid
Circuit Symbols
Circuit Symbols
Wires and connections


Wire




                             Wires joined                  Wires not joined




       Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
Circuit Symbols
Power Supplies

                                          Battery

                                                       +      -


               Cell                                    DC supply




   Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
Circuit Symbols
Power Supplies


                      AC supply

                            ~
                                                       Fuse


                                                              Earth
                                                              (Ground)



   Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
Circuit Symbols
Switches

                           Push-to-Break                 Push Switch
                              Switch                   (push-to-make)




  On-Off Switch                                                             2-way
     (SPST)                                                             Switch/On-on
                                                                           (SPDT)




   Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
Circuit Symbols
                                             2-way
Switches                                 Switch/On-on
                                            (SPDT)
                                                       NC
                                        COM

                                                       NO




   Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
Circuit Symbols
Resistors

    Resistor                   Rheostat                Potentiometer   Preset




   Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
Circuit Symbols
Capacitors
  Capacitor               Capacitor,                   Variable    Trimmer
                          polarised                    Capacitor   Capacitor

                           +




   Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
Circuit Symbols
Diodes

                            LED                        Zener Diode   Photodiode
                    Light Emitting Diode




  Diode




   Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
Circuit Symbols
Meters
                                                              Digital Multimeter   Analogue Multimeter


   Voltmeter                 Ammeter                   Ohmmeter            Galvanometer

         V                        A                       Ω




   Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
Circuit Symbols
Output Devices

     Lamp                                                 Lamp       Buzzer
   (lighting)                                          (indicator)
                              Motor

                                M




   Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
Circuit Symbols
Audio
   Microphone                   Earphone               Loudspeaker

                                                                        Amplifier
                                                                     (general symbol)




   Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
Circuit Symbols
Transistors
     Transistor NPN




                           Transistor PNP


                                                Phototransistor




   Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
Circuit Symbols
Sensors (input devices)
              LDR
    Light Dependent Resistor                           Thermistor




   Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
Circuit Symbols
Integrated Circuits (Chips)
            IC 555                          IC M66T                IC 741
           Timer IC                         Melody IC       Operational Amplifier

                   8
       7                   4                        2           2      7
                                                        1                  6
       6                   3                                    3
                                                                       4
                                                    3
             2 1 5




    Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
Circuit Diagrams
Examples of Circuit symbols




Cell   Switch   Resistor   LED   Capacitor   Wires    Wires
                                              Not     Joined
                                             Joined
Drawing circuit diagrams




                                           +
                                                6V

  +


      6V




The electronics way                   The science way
      ( + at the top )                ( battery at the top )
S1
                                                  LED 1
               1M          33k

                                      8       4
                                  2
               100k                    555
                                  6               3                          9V
                                      timer
                                  7       1               470Ω
               220µF

                                                  LED 2
                          0.1µF



                         Circuit Diagram
                                                                        S1
1M
                 LED 1
                 +                                                  X        +
                          33k
                 LED 2
                 +                        555
                                      1      X        8
                                                                 100k
                                      2      X        7
                                      3      X        6                           9V
     Bleeper             470Ω
               0.1µF                  4      X        5      +
                                                                  220µF
                                                                             -


                       Component Layout
Verobod
Placing components on
       Verobod
component


verobod

                      Copper tracks
Copper tracks

verobod

          component
Designing a Verobod Layout
Tips:                                                                                LUKISAN BERGAMBAR [litar verobod]
                                                                            Letakkan [ IC ] di tengah verobod, kemudian                                     Projek:
                                                                            tandakan laluan[track] punca positif [atas]
                                                                            dan negatif [bawah],                                                            Aspek:
                                                                            Putuskan track di antara pin IC dan tandakan
                                                                            [ X ] pada gambarajah IC.                                              Disediakan
Saiz grid sebenar verobod. Jarak lubang 0.1" (2.54mm)                       Gunakan saiz grid sebenar verobod di                                         oleh:
                                                                            sebelah kiri untuk memeriksa jarak
Arus bergerak secara mendatar
                                                                            komponen.                                                                       Tarikh:
                                                                            Sentiasa utamakan keselamatan.
                                                                                                                                                       Catatan:


         1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10   11    12   13   14   15   16   17   18   19   20   21   22   23   24   25   26   27   28   29   30   31    32   33      34   35   36   37   38   39   40   41   42   43   44

    22                                                                                                                                                                                                                           22


    21                                                                                                                                                                                                                           21


    20                                                                                                                                                                                                                           20


    19                                                                                                                                                                                                                           19


    18                                                                                                                                                                                                                           18


    17                                                                                                                                                                                                                           17


    16                                                                                                                                                                                                                           16


    15                                                                                                                                                                                                                           15


    14                                                                                                                                                                                                                           14


    13                                                                                                                                                                                                                           13


    12                                                                                                                                                                                                                           12


    11                                                                                                                                                                                                                           11


    10                                                                                                                                                                                                                           10


     9                                                                                                                                                                                                                           9


     8                                                                                                                                                                                                                           8


     7                                                                                                                                                                                                                           7


     6                                                                                                                                                                                                                           6


     5                                                                                                                                                                                                                           5


     4                                                                                                                                                                                                                           4


     3                                                                                                                                                                                                                           3


     2                                                                                                                                                                                                                           2


     1                                                                                                                                                                                                                           1


         1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10   11    12   13   14   15   16   17   18   19   20   21   22   23   24   25   26   27   28   29   30   31    32   33      34   35   36   37   38   39   40   41   42   43   44


                                                                                                                                                                       [78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta Krysaid@yahoo.com.my
Planning the Layout 1
R1

 9V

                 LED 1




Circuit Diagram
Tips:

                                                                            Letakkan [ IC ] di tengah verobod, kemudian
                                                                            tandakan laluan[track] punca positif [atas]
                                                                            dan negatif [bawah],
                                                                            Putuskan track di antara pin IC dan tandakan
                                                                            [ X ] pada gambarajah IC.
Saiz grid sebenar verobod. Jarak lubang 0.1" (2.54mm)                       Gunakan saiz grid sebenar verobod di
                                                                            sebelah kiri untuk memeriksa jarak
Arus bergerak secara mendatar
                                                                            komponen.
                                                                            Sentiasa utamakan keselamatan.



         1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10   11    12   13   14   15   16   17   18   19   20   21    22   23   24   25   26   27   28   29   30   31   32   33      34   35   36   37   38   39   40   41   42   43   44

    22                                                                                                                                                                                                                           22


    21                                                                                                                                                                                                                           21


    20                                                                                                                                                                                                                           20


    19                                                                                                                                                                                                                           19




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      +
    18                                                                                                                                                                                                                           18


    17                                                                                                                                                                                                                           17


    16                                                                                                                                                                                                                           16


    15
                                                                                                                                    R1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 15
                                                                                                                                    470Ω
    14                                                                                                                                                                                                                           14
                                                                                                                +
    13                                                                                                                                                                                                                           13
                                                                                                     LED
    12                                                                                                                                                                                                                           12


    11
                                                                                                                                                                                    BC
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 11




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      _
    10                                                                                                                                                                                                                           10


     9                                                                                                                                                                                                                           9


     8                                                                                                                                                                                                                           8


     7                                                                                                                                                                                                                           7


     6                                                                                                                                                                                                                           6


     5                                                                                                                                                                                                                           5


     4                                                                                                                                                                                                                           4


     3                                                                                                                                                                                                                           3


     2                                                                                                                                                                                                                           2


     1                                                                                                                                                                                                                           1


         1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10   11    12   13   14   15   16   17   18   19   20   21    22   23   24   25   26   27   28   29   30   31   32   33      34   35   36   37   38   39   40   41   42   43   44


                                                                                                                                                                       [78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta Krysaid@yahoo.com.my
Planning the Layout




                     Improve your plan




Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
Tips:

                                                                            Letakkan [ IC ] di tengah verobod, kemudian
                                                                            tandakan laluan[track] punca positif [atas]
                                                                            dan negatif [bawah],
                                                                            Putuskan track di antara pin IC dan tandakan
                                                                            [ X ] pada gambarajah IC.
Saiz grid sebenar verobod. Jarak lubang 0.1" (2.54mm)                       Gunakan saiz grid sebenar verobod di
                                                                            sebelah kiri untuk memeriksa jarak
Arus bergerak secara mendatar
                                                                            komponen.
                                                                            Sentiasa utamakan keselamatan.



         1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10   11    12   13   14   15   16   17   18   19   20   21    22   23   24   25   26   27   28   29   30   31   32   33      34   35   36   37   38   39   40   41   42   43   44

    22                                                                                                                                                                                                                           22


    21                                                                                                                                                                                                                           21


    20                                                                                                                                                                                                                           20


    19                                                                                                                                                                                                                           19




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      +
    18                                                                                                                                                                                                                           18


    17                                                                                                                                                                                                                           17


    16                                                                                                                                                                                                                           16


    15
                                                                                                                     R1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 15
                                                                                                                     470Ω
    14                                                                                                                                                                                                                           14
                                                                                                                +
    13                                                                                                                                                                                                                           13
                                                                                                     LED
    12                                                                                                                                                                                                                           12


    11
                                                                                                                                                                                    BC
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 11




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      _
    10                                                                                                                                                                                                                           10


     9                                                                                                                                                                                                                           9


     8                                                                                                                                                                                                                           8


     7                                                                                                                                                                                                                           7


     6                                                                                                                                                                                                                           6


     5                                                                                                                                                                                                                           5


     4                                                                                                                                                                                                                           4


     3                                                                                                                                                                                                                           3


     2                                                                                                                                                                                                                           2


     1                                                                                                                                                                                                                           1


         1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10   11    12   13   14   15   16   17   18   19   20   21    22   23   24   25   26   27   28   29   30   31   32   33      34   35   36   37   38   39   40   41   42   43   44


                                                                                                                                                                       [78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta Krysaid@yahoo.com.my
Planning the Layout




                        Check your plan




Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
R1
                   470Ω
        9V

                     LED 1




       Circuit Diagram

R1
470Ω
  +
        BC
 LED
Planning the Layout 2
R1



S1        LED 1


                  c
                             9V
          b
                      TR 1
     R2
                  e




     Circuit Diagram
Tips:

                                                                            Letakkan [ IC ] di tengah verobod, kemudian
                                                                           tandakan laluan[track] punca positif [atas] dan negatif
                                                                           [bawah],
                                                                            Putuskan track di antara pin IC dan tandakan [ X ]
                                                                           pada gambarajah IC.
Saiz grid sebenar verobod. Jarak lubang 0.1" (2.54mm)                       Gunakan saiz grid sebenar verobod di sebelah kiri
                                                                           untuk memeriksa jarak komponen.
Arus bergerak secara mendatar
                                                                            Sentiasa utamakan keselamatan.




        1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10   11   12   13   14    15     16    17   18   19   20   21   22   23       24   25   26   27   28   29   30   31   32   33     34   35   36   37   38   39   40   41   42   43   44



   22                                                                                                                                                                                                                                22


   21                                                                                                                                                                                                                                21


   20                                                                                                                                                                                                                                20


   19                                                                                                                                                                                                                                19


   18                                                                                                                                                                                                                                18




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          +
   17                                                                                                                                                                                                                                17


   16                                                                                                                                                                                                                                16


   15                                                                                                                                                                                                                                15
                                                                                                                                                        R1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     14
   14
                                                                     S1                                                                  +
   13                                                                                                                                                                                                                                13

                                                                                                  R2
   12                                                                                                                 c                                                                                                              12


   11                                                                                                                 b              LED 1                                                                                           11


   10                                                                                                                 e                                                                                                              10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     9
    9
                                                                                                                  TR 1

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          _
    8                                                                                                                                                                                                                                8


    7                                                                                                                                                                                                                                7


    6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                6


    5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                5


    4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                4


    3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                3


    2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2


    1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1



        1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10   11   12   13   14    15     16    17   18   19   20   21   22   23       24   25   26   27   28   29   30   31   32   33     34   35   36   37   38   39   40   41   42   43   44


                                                                                                                                                                            [78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta Krysaid@yahoo.com.my
Planning the Layout




                     Improve your plan




Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
Tips:

                                                                           Letakkan [ IC ] di tengah verobod, kemudian
                                                                          tandakan laluan[track] punca positif [atas] dan negatif
                                                                          [bawah],
                                                                           Putuskan track di antara pin IC dan tandakan [ X ]
                                                                          pada gambarajah IC.
Saiz grid sebenar verobod. Jarak lubang 0.1" (2.54mm)                      Gunakan saiz grid sebenar verobod di sebelah kiri
                                                                          untuk memeriksa jarak komponen.
Arus bergerak secara mendatar
                                                                           Sentiasa utamakan keselamatan.




        1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10   11   12   13   14   15     16    17   18   19   20   21   22   23       24   25   26   27   28   29   30   31   32   33     34   35   36   37   38   39   40   41   42   43   44



   22                                                                                                                                                                                                                               22


   21                                                                                                                                                                                                                               21


   20                                                                                                                                                                                                                               20


   19                                                                                                                                                                                                                               19


   18                                                                                                                                                                                                                               18




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         +
   17                                                                                                                                                                                                                               17


   16                                                                                                                                                                                                                               16


   15                                                                                                                                                                                                                               15

                                                                                                                                                       R1                                                                           14
   14
                                                                 S1                                                                     +
   13                                                                                                                                                                                                                               13


   12
                                                                                                 R2                  c                                                                                                              12


   11                                                                                                                b              LED 1                                                                                           11


   10                                                                                                                e                                                                                                              10


    9                                                                                                                                                                                                                               9
                                                                                                                 TR 1

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         _
    8                                                                                                                                                                                                                               8


    7                                                                                                                                                                                                                               7


    6                                                                                                                                                                                                                               6


    5                                                                                                                                                                                                                               5


    4                                                                                                                                                                                                                               4


    3                                                                                                                                                                                                                               3


    2                                                                                                                                                                                                                               2


    1                                                                                                                                                                                                                               1



        1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10   11   12   13   14   15     16    17   18   19   20   21   22   23       24   25   26   27   28   29   30   31   32   33     34   35   36   37   38   39   40   41   42   43   44


                                                                                                                                                                           [78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta Krysaid@yahoo.com.my
Planning the Layout




                        Check your plan




Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
R1



                 S1                LED 1


                                           c
                                                      9V
                               b
                                               TR 1
                       R2
                                           e




                      Circuit Diagram

              R1
S1
     R2   c
                      LED 1
                              BC
          b
          e

          TR 1
Planning the Layout 3
R1
S1

                 LED 1

R2
            c
     b
                TR 2
                                    9V
            e            c
                 b
                             TR 1

                         e


         Circuit Diagram
Tips:

                                                                            Letakkan [ IC ] di tengah verobod, kemudian
                                                                           tandakan laluan[track] punca positif [atas] dan negatif
                                                                           [bawah],
                                                                            Putuskan track di antara pin IC dan tandakan [ X ]
                                                                           pada gambarajah IC.
Saiz grid sebenar verobod. Jarak lubang 0.1" (2.54mm)                       Gunakan saiz grid sebenar verobod di sebelah kiri
                                                                           untuk memeriksa jarak komponen.
Arus bergerak secara mendatar
                                                                            Sentiasa utamakan keselamatan.




        1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10   11   12   13   14    15     16    17   18   19   20   21   22       23   24   25    26       27   28   29   30   31    32   33     34   35   36   37   38   39   40   41   42   43   44



   22                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      22


   21                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      21


   20                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      20


   19                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      19


   18


   17

                                                                                                                                                                       R1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           18


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           17


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           16
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                +
   16
                                                                     S1                                                                                                                                                                    15
   15
                                                                                             R2
   14                                                                                                                                     e             +
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           14


   13                                                                                                                                     b                                                                                                13


   12                                                                                                            c                        c                                                                                                12


   11                                                                                                            b                  TR 2           LED 1                                                                                   11
                                                                                                                                                                                                             BC
   10                                                                                                            e                                                                                                                         10


    9
                                                                                                             TR 1                                                                                                                          9




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                _
    8                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      8


    7                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      7


    6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      6


    5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      5


    4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      4


    3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      3


    2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2


    1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1



        1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10   11   12   13   14    15     16    17   18   19   20   21   22       23   24   25    26       27   28   29   30   31    32   33     34   35   36   37   38   39   40   41   42   43   44


                                                                                                                                                                                  [78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta Krysaid@yahoo.com.my
Planning the Layout




                     Improve your plan




Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
Tips:

                                                                            Letakkan [ IC ] di tengah verobod, kemudian
                                                                           tandakan laluan[track] punca positif [atas] dan negatif
                                                                           [bawah],
                                                                            Putuskan track di antara pin IC dan tandakan [ X ]
                                                                           pada gambarajah IC.
Saiz grid sebenar verobod. Jarak lubang 0.1" (2.54mm)                       Gunakan saiz grid sebenar verobod di sebelah kiri
                                                                           untuk memeriksa jarak komponen.
Arus bergerak secara mendatar
                                                                            Sentiasa utamakan keselamatan.




        1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10   11   12   13   14    15     16    17   18   19   20   21   22       23   24   25    26       27   28   29   30   31    32   33     34   35   36   37   38   39   40   41   42   43   44



   22                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      22


   21                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      21


   20                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      20


   19                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      19


   18


   17

                                                                                                                                                                       R1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           18


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           17


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           16
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                +
   16
                                                                     S1                                                                                                                                                                    15
   15
                                                                                             R2
   14                                                                                                                                     e             +
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           14


   13                                                                                                                                     b                                                                                                13


   12                                                                                                            c                        c                                                                                                12


   11                                                                                                            b                  TR 2           LED 1                                                                                   11
                                                                                                                                                                                                             BC
   10                                                                                                            e                                                                                                                         10


    9
                                                                                                             TR 1                                                                                                                          9




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                _
    8                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      8


    7                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      7


    6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      6


    5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      5


    4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      4


    3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      3


    2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2


    1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1



        1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10   11   12   13   14    15     16    17   18   19   20   21   22       23   24   25    26       27   28   29   30   31    32   33     34   35   36   37   38   39   40   41   42   43   44


                                                                                                                                                                                  [78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta Krysaid@yahoo.com.my
Planning the Layout




                        Check your plan




Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
R1
                        S1

                                              LED 1

                          R2
                                         c
                               b
                                             TR 2
                                                                 9V
                                         e            c
                                              b
                                                          TR 1

                                                      e


                                   Circuit Diagram


             R1
S1
     R2
               e    +
               b
      c        c

      b      TR 2 LED 1             BC
      e

      TR 1
Planning the Layout 4
R1
680k
                      8           4
                  7
                           555
                  6                   3                  9V
 R2                       timer
 10k
                  2                                 R3
                           1                        1k

       +                                        +
           C1                             LED
           10µF



                  Circuit Diagram
Tips:

                                                                            Letakkan [ IC ] di tengah verobod, kemudian
                                                                            tandakan laluan[track] punca positif [atas]
                                                                            dan negatif [bawah],
                                                                            Putuskan track di antara pin IC dan tandakan
                                                                            [ X ] pada gambarajah IC.
Saiz grid sebenar verobod. Jarak lubang 0.1" (2.54mm)                       Gunakan saiz grid sebenar verobod di
                                                                            sebelah kiri untuk memeriksa jarak
Arus bergerak secara mendatar                                               komponen.
                                                                            Sentiasa utamakan keselamatan.



          1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10   11   12   13   14   15   16   17   18   19   20   21       22   23   24   25   26   27   28    29   30    31   32   33      34   35   36   37   38   39   40   41   42   43   44

     22                                                                                                                                                                                                                               22


     21                                                                                                                                                                                                                               21


     20                                                                                                                                                                                                                               20


     19                                                                                                                                                                                                                               19




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           +
     18                                                                                                                                                                                                                               18


     17                                                                                                                                                                                                                               17


     16                                                                                                                                                                                                                               16


     15
                                                   LED 1          +                                                                              R1                                                                                   15


     14
                                                                       R3                                                                        680k                                                                                 14


     13                                                                1k                                 1        X8                                                                                                                 13


     12                                                                                                   2        X7                                                                                                                 12


     11                                                                                                   3        X6                                       R2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      11


     10                                                                                                   4        X5                                       10k
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      10


     9                                                                                                    IC 555                                                                                                                      9




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           _
     8                                                                                                                                                                                                                                8
                                                                                                                                            + C1
     7                                                                                                                                                                                                                                7
                                                                                                                                                 10µF
     6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                6


     5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                5


     4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                4


     3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                3


     2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2


     1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1


          1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10   11   12   13   14   15   16   17   18   19   20   21       22   23   24   25   26   27   28    29   30    31   32   33      34   35   36   37   38   39   40   41   42   43   44
                                                                                                                                             7

                                                                                                                                                                            [78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta Krysaid@yahoo.com.my
Planning the Layout




                     Improve your plan




Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
Tips:

                                                                            Letakkan [ IC ] di tengah verobod, kemudian
                                                                            tandakan laluan[track] punca positif [atas]
                                                                            dan negatif [bawah],
                                                                            Putuskan track di antara pin IC dan tandakan
                                                                            [ X ] pada gambarajah IC.
Saiz grid sebenar verobod. Jarak lubang 0.1" (2.54mm)                       Gunakan saiz grid sebenar verobod di
                                                                            sebelah kiri untuk memeriksa jarak
Arus bergerak secara mendatar                                               komponen.
                                                                            Sentiasa utamakan keselamatan.



          1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10   11   12   13   14   15   16   17   18   19   20   21       22   23   24   25   26   27   28    29   30    31   32   33      34   35   36   37   38   39   40   41   42   43   44

     22                                                                                                                                                                                                                               22


     21                                                                                                                                                                                                                               21


     20                                                                                                                                                                                                                               20


     19                                                                                                                                                                                                                               19




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           +
     18                                                                                                                                                                                                                               18


     17                                                                                                                                                                                                                               17


     16                                                                                                                                                                                                                               16


     15
                                                   LED 1          +                                                                              R1                                                                                   15


     14                                                                                                                                          680k                                                                                 14
                                                                       R3
     13
                                                                       1k
                                                                                                          1        X8                                                                                                                 13


     12                                                                                                   2        X7                                                                                                                 12


     11                                                                                                   3        X6                                                                                                                 11


     10                                                                                                   4        X5                                       R2                                                                        10


     9                                                                                                    IC 555                                            10k                                                                       9




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           _
     8                                                                                                                                                                                                                                8
                                                                                                                                            + C1
     7                                                                                                                                                                                                                                7
                                                                                                                                                 10µF
     6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                6


     5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                5


     4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                4


     3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                3


     2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2


     1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1


          1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10   11   12   13   14   15   16   17   18   19   20   21       22   23   24   25   26   27   28    29   30    31   32   33      34   35   36   37   38   39   40   41   42   43   44
                                                                                                                                             7

                                                                                                                                                                            [78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta Krysaid@yahoo.com.my
Planning the Layout




                        Check your plan




Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
R1
                         680k
                                                  8       4
                                              7
                                                   555                            9V
                         R2                   6   timer       3
                         10k
                                              2                             R3
                                                      1
                                                                            1k
                                 +                                      +
                                       C1                         LED
                                       10µF


                                        Circuit Diagram


     +   LED 1                 R1
                               680k
R3
1k
            1    X8
            2    X7                                                               555
            3    X6                                                              timer
            4    X5              R2
             IC 555              10k

                + C1
                  10µF
Planning the Layout 5
+ 9V

                                              LED 1
R1        R2


                            8         4
                        6                             R3
                                IC 555
                        7                 3

                        2                             R4
                                  1

               +
     S1            C1                         LED 2

                                                           - 0V

                   Circuit Diagram
Tips:

                                                                        Letakkan [ IC ] di tengah verobod, kemudian
                                                                        tandakan laluan[track] punca positif [atas]
                                                                        dan negatif [bawah],
                                                                        Putuskan track di antara pin IC dan tandakan
                                                                        [ X ] pada gambarajah IC.
Saiz grid sebenar verobod. Jarak lubang 0.1" (2.54mm)                   Gunakan saiz grid sebenar verobod di
                                                                        sebelah kiri untuk memeriksa jarak
Arus bergerak secara mendatar
                                                                        komponen.
                                                                        Sentiasa utamakan keselamatan.



         1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10    11   12   13   14    15   16    17   18   19   20   21       22   23   24   25   26   27   28   29   30   31   32   33      34   35   36   37   38   39   40   41   42   43   44

    22                                                                                                                                                                                                                                22


    21                                                                                                                                                                                                                                21


    20                                                                                                                                                                                                                                20


    19                                                                                                                                                                                                                                19




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           +
    18                                                                                                                                                                                                                                18
                                                              LED 1
    17                                                                                                                                                                                                                                17


    16
                                                                  +                                                                                                                                                                   16


    15                                                                                                                                                                                                                                15
                                                                                  R1
    14                                                                                                                                             R2                                                                                 14


    13

                                                                             R3
                                                                                                            1        X8                                                                                                               13


    12

                                                  S1
                                                                                                            2        X7                                                                                                               12


    11                                                                                                      3        X6                                                                            BC
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      11


    10

                                                                                             R4
                                                                                                            4        X5                            +
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      10


     9
                                                                       LED 2                                IC 555                                       C1                                                                           9




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           _
     8                                                                                                                                                                                                                                8


     7
                                                                        +
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      7


     6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                6


     5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                5


     4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                4


     3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                3


     2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2


     1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1


         1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10    11   12   13   14    15   16    17   18   19   20   21       22   23   24   25   26   27   28   29   30   31   32   33      34   35   36   37   38   39   40   41   42   43   44


                                                                                                                                                                            [78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta Krysaid@yahoo.com.my
Planning the Layout




                     Improve your plan




Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
Tips:

                                                                       Letakkan [ IC ] di tengah verobod, kemudian
                                                                       tandakan laluan[track] punca positif [atas]
                                                                       dan negatif [bawah],
                                                                       Putuskan track di antara pin IC dan tandakan
                                                                       [ X ] pada gambarajah IC.
Saiz grid sebenar verobod. Jarak lubang 0.1" (2.54mm)                  Gunakan saiz grid sebenar verobod di
                                                                       sebelah kiri untuk memeriksa jarak
Arus bergerak secara mendatar
                                                                       komponen.
                                                                       Sentiasa utamakan keselamatan.



         1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10    11   12   13   14   15   16    17   18   19   20   21       22   23   24   25   26   27   28   29   30   31   32   33      34   35   36   37   38   39   40   41   42   43   44

    22                                                                                                                                                                                                                               22


    21                                                                                                                                                                                                                               21


    20                                                                                                                                                                                                                               20


    19                                                                                                                                                                                                                               19




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          +
    18                                                                                                                                                                                                                               18
                                                              LED 1
    17                                                                                                                                                                                                                               17


    16
                                                                  +                                                                                                                                                                  16


    15                                                                                                                                                                                                                               15
                                                                                 R1
    14                                                                                                                                            R2                                                                                 14


    13                                                                                                     1        X8                                                                                                               13


    12

                                                  S1
                                                                                                           2        X7                                                                                                               12


    11
                                                                            R3                             3        X6                                                                            BC
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     11


    10

                                                                                            R4
                                                                                                           4        X5                            +
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     10


     9
                                                                                                           IC 555                        C1                                                                                          9




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          _
     8                                                                                                                                                                                                                               8


     7                                                   LED 2 +                                                                                                                                                                     7


     6                                                                                                                                                                                                                               6


     5                                                                                                                                                                                                                               5


     4                                                                                                                                                                                                                               4


     3                                                                                                                                                                                                                               3


     2                                                                                                                                                                                                                               2


     1                                                                                                                                                                                                                               1


         1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10    11   12   13   14   15   16    17   18   19   20   21       22   23   24   25   26   27   28   29   30   31   32   33      34   35   36   37   38   39   40   41   42   43   44


                                                                                                                                                                           [78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta Krysaid@yahoo.com.my
Planning the Layout




                        Check your plan




Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
Menterjemah Lukisan Skematik
Menterjemah Lukisan Skematik
Menterjemah Lukisan Skematik
Menterjemah Lukisan Skematik
Menterjemah Lukisan Skematik
Menterjemah Lukisan Skematik
Menterjemah Lukisan Skematik
Menterjemah Lukisan Skematik
Menterjemah Lukisan Skematik
Menterjemah Lukisan Skematik
Menterjemah Lukisan Skematik
Menterjemah Lukisan Skematik
Menterjemah Lukisan Skematik
Menterjemah Lukisan Skematik
Menterjemah Lukisan Skematik
Menterjemah Lukisan Skematik
Menterjemah Lukisan Skematik
Menterjemah Lukisan Skematik
Menterjemah Lukisan Skematik
Menterjemah Lukisan Skematik
Menterjemah Lukisan Skematik

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Menterjemah Lukisan Skematik

  • 1.
  • 2. + LED 1 R1 + R3 555 timer R2 + C1 - M E NTE R JE M AH LUKISAN SKE M ATIK KE PADA LUKISAN BERGAM BAR DAN M E M BUAT PR OJE K Oleh : Krysaid
  • 4. Circuit Symbols Wires and connections Wire Wires joined Wires not joined Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
  • 5. Circuit Symbols Power Supplies Battery + - Cell DC supply Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
  • 6. Circuit Symbols Power Supplies AC supply ~ Fuse Earth (Ground) Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
  • 7. Circuit Symbols Switches Push-to-Break Push Switch Switch (push-to-make) On-Off Switch 2-way (SPST) Switch/On-on (SPDT) Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
  • 8. Circuit Symbols 2-way Switches Switch/On-on (SPDT) NC COM NO Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
  • 9. Circuit Symbols Resistors Resistor Rheostat Potentiometer Preset Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
  • 10. Circuit Symbols Capacitors Capacitor Capacitor, Variable Trimmer polarised Capacitor Capacitor + Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
  • 11. Circuit Symbols Diodes LED Zener Diode Photodiode Light Emitting Diode Diode Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
  • 12. Circuit Symbols Meters Digital Multimeter Analogue Multimeter Voltmeter Ammeter Ohmmeter Galvanometer V A Ω Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
  • 13. Circuit Symbols Output Devices Lamp Lamp Buzzer (lighting) (indicator) Motor M Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
  • 14. Circuit Symbols Audio Microphone Earphone Loudspeaker Amplifier (general symbol) Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
  • 15. Circuit Symbols Transistors Transistor NPN Transistor PNP Phototransistor Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
  • 16. Circuit Symbols Sensors (input devices) LDR Light Dependent Resistor Thermistor Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
  • 17. Circuit Symbols Integrated Circuits (Chips) IC 555 IC M66T IC 741 Timer IC Melody IC Operational Amplifier 8 7 4 2 2 7 1 6 6 3 3 4 3 2 1 5 Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
  • 19. Examples of Circuit symbols Cell Switch Resistor LED Capacitor Wires Wires Not Joined Joined
  • 20. Drawing circuit diagrams + 6V + 6V The electronics way The science way ( + at the top ) ( battery at the top )
  • 21. S1 LED 1 1M 33k 8 4 2 100k 555 6 3 9V timer 7 1 470Ω 220µF LED 2 0.1µF Circuit Diagram S1 1M LED 1 + X + 33k LED 2 + 555 1 X 8 100k 2 X 7 3 X 6 9V Bleeper 470Ω 0.1µF 4 X 5 + 220µF - Component Layout
  • 24. component verobod Copper tracks
  • 27. Tips: LUKISAN BERGAMBAR [litar verobod] Letakkan [ IC ] di tengah verobod, kemudian Projek: tandakan laluan[track] punca positif [atas] dan negatif [bawah], Aspek: Putuskan track di antara pin IC dan tandakan [ X ] pada gambarajah IC. Disediakan Saiz grid sebenar verobod. Jarak lubang 0.1" (2.54mm) Gunakan saiz grid sebenar verobod di oleh: sebelah kiri untuk memeriksa jarak Arus bergerak secara mendatar komponen. Tarikh: Sentiasa utamakan keselamatan. Catatan: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 9 9 8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 [78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta Krysaid@yahoo.com.my
  • 29. R1 9V LED 1 Circuit Diagram
  • 30. Tips: Letakkan [ IC ] di tengah verobod, kemudian tandakan laluan[track] punca positif [atas] dan negatif [bawah], Putuskan track di antara pin IC dan tandakan [ X ] pada gambarajah IC. Saiz grid sebenar verobod. Jarak lubang 0.1" (2.54mm) Gunakan saiz grid sebenar verobod di sebelah kiri untuk memeriksa jarak Arus bergerak secara mendatar komponen. Sentiasa utamakan keselamatan. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 + 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 R1 15 470Ω 14 14 + 13 13 LED 12 12 11 BC 11 _ 10 10 9 9 8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 [78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta Krysaid@yahoo.com.my
  • 31. Planning the Layout Improve your plan Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
  • 32. Tips: Letakkan [ IC ] di tengah verobod, kemudian tandakan laluan[track] punca positif [atas] dan negatif [bawah], Putuskan track di antara pin IC dan tandakan [ X ] pada gambarajah IC. Saiz grid sebenar verobod. Jarak lubang 0.1" (2.54mm) Gunakan saiz grid sebenar verobod di sebelah kiri untuk memeriksa jarak Arus bergerak secara mendatar komponen. Sentiasa utamakan keselamatan. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 + 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 R1 15 470Ω 14 14 + 13 13 LED 12 12 11 BC 11 _ 10 10 9 9 8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 [78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta Krysaid@yahoo.com.my
  • 33. Planning the Layout Check your plan Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
  • 34. R1 470Ω 9V LED 1 Circuit Diagram R1 470Ω + BC LED
  • 36. R1 S1 LED 1 c 9V b TR 1 R2 e Circuit Diagram
  • 37. Tips: Letakkan [ IC ] di tengah verobod, kemudian tandakan laluan[track] punca positif [atas] dan negatif [bawah], Putuskan track di antara pin IC dan tandakan [ X ] pada gambarajah IC. Saiz grid sebenar verobod. Jarak lubang 0.1" (2.54mm) Gunakan saiz grid sebenar verobod di sebelah kiri untuk memeriksa jarak komponen. Arus bergerak secara mendatar Sentiasa utamakan keselamatan. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 + 17 17 16 16 15 15 R1 14 14 S1 + 13 13 R2 12 c 12 11 b LED 1 11 10 e 10 9 9 TR 1 _ 8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 [78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta Krysaid@yahoo.com.my
  • 38. Planning the Layout Improve your plan Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
  • 39. Tips: Letakkan [ IC ] di tengah verobod, kemudian tandakan laluan[track] punca positif [atas] dan negatif [bawah], Putuskan track di antara pin IC dan tandakan [ X ] pada gambarajah IC. Saiz grid sebenar verobod. Jarak lubang 0.1" (2.54mm) Gunakan saiz grid sebenar verobod di sebelah kiri untuk memeriksa jarak komponen. Arus bergerak secara mendatar Sentiasa utamakan keselamatan. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 + 17 17 16 16 15 15 R1 14 14 S1 + 13 13 12 R2 c 12 11 b LED 1 11 10 e 10 9 9 TR 1 _ 8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 [78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta Krysaid@yahoo.com.my
  • 40. Planning the Layout Check your plan Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
  • 41. R1 S1 LED 1 c 9V b TR 1 R2 e Circuit Diagram R1 S1 R2 c LED 1 BC b e TR 1
  • 43. R1 S1 LED 1 R2 c b TR 2 9V e c b TR 1 e Circuit Diagram
  • 44. Tips: Letakkan [ IC ] di tengah verobod, kemudian tandakan laluan[track] punca positif [atas] dan negatif [bawah], Putuskan track di antara pin IC dan tandakan [ X ] pada gambarajah IC. Saiz grid sebenar verobod. Jarak lubang 0.1" (2.54mm) Gunakan saiz grid sebenar verobod di sebelah kiri untuk memeriksa jarak komponen. Arus bergerak secara mendatar Sentiasa utamakan keselamatan. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 17 R1 18 17 16 + 16 S1 15 15 R2 14 e + 14 13 b 13 12 c c 12 11 b TR 2 LED 1 11 BC 10 e 10 9 TR 1 9 _ 8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 [78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta Krysaid@yahoo.com.my
  • 45. Planning the Layout Improve your plan Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
  • 46. Tips: Letakkan [ IC ] di tengah verobod, kemudian tandakan laluan[track] punca positif [atas] dan negatif [bawah], Putuskan track di antara pin IC dan tandakan [ X ] pada gambarajah IC. Saiz grid sebenar verobod. Jarak lubang 0.1" (2.54mm) Gunakan saiz grid sebenar verobod di sebelah kiri untuk memeriksa jarak komponen. Arus bergerak secara mendatar Sentiasa utamakan keselamatan. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 17 R1 18 17 16 + 16 S1 15 15 R2 14 e + 14 13 b 13 12 c c 12 11 b TR 2 LED 1 11 BC 10 e 10 9 TR 1 9 _ 8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 [78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta Krysaid@yahoo.com.my
  • 47. Planning the Layout Check your plan Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
  • 48. R1 S1 LED 1 R2 c b TR 2 9V e c b TR 1 e Circuit Diagram R1 S1 R2 e + b c c b TR 2 LED 1 BC e TR 1
  • 50. R1 680k 8 4 7 555 6 3 9V R2 timer 10k 2 R3 1 1k + + C1 LED 10µF Circuit Diagram
  • 51. Tips: Letakkan [ IC ] di tengah verobod, kemudian tandakan laluan[track] punca positif [atas] dan negatif [bawah], Putuskan track di antara pin IC dan tandakan [ X ] pada gambarajah IC. Saiz grid sebenar verobod. Jarak lubang 0.1" (2.54mm) Gunakan saiz grid sebenar verobod di sebelah kiri untuk memeriksa jarak Arus bergerak secara mendatar komponen. Sentiasa utamakan keselamatan. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 + 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 LED 1 + R1 15 14 R3 680k 14 13 1k 1 X8 13 12 2 X7 12 11 3 X6 R2 11 10 4 X5 10k 10 9 IC 555 9 _ 8 8 + C1 7 7 10µF 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 7 [78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta Krysaid@yahoo.com.my
  • 52. Planning the Layout Improve your plan Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
  • 53. Tips: Letakkan [ IC ] di tengah verobod, kemudian tandakan laluan[track] punca positif [atas] dan negatif [bawah], Putuskan track di antara pin IC dan tandakan [ X ] pada gambarajah IC. Saiz grid sebenar verobod. Jarak lubang 0.1" (2.54mm) Gunakan saiz grid sebenar verobod di sebelah kiri untuk memeriksa jarak Arus bergerak secara mendatar komponen. Sentiasa utamakan keselamatan. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 + 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 LED 1 + R1 15 14 680k 14 R3 13 1k 1 X8 13 12 2 X7 12 11 3 X6 11 10 4 X5 R2 10 9 IC 555 10k 9 _ 8 8 + C1 7 7 10µF 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 7 [78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta Krysaid@yahoo.com.my
  • 54. Planning the Layout Check your plan Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
  • 55. R1 680k 8 4 7 555 9V R2 6 timer 3 10k 2 R3 1 1k + + C1 LED 10µF Circuit Diagram + LED 1 R1 680k R3 1k 1 X8 2 X7 555 3 X6 timer 4 X5 R2 IC 555 10k + C1 10µF
  • 56.
  • 58. + 9V LED 1 R1 R2 8 4 6 R3 IC 555 7 3 2 R4 1 + S1 C1 LED 2 - 0V Circuit Diagram
  • 59. Tips: Letakkan [ IC ] di tengah verobod, kemudian tandakan laluan[track] punca positif [atas] dan negatif [bawah], Putuskan track di antara pin IC dan tandakan [ X ] pada gambarajah IC. Saiz grid sebenar verobod. Jarak lubang 0.1" (2.54mm) Gunakan saiz grid sebenar verobod di sebelah kiri untuk memeriksa jarak Arus bergerak secara mendatar komponen. Sentiasa utamakan keselamatan. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 + 18 18 LED 1 17 17 16 + 16 15 15 R1 14 R2 14 13 R3 1 X8 13 12 S1 2 X7 12 11 3 X6 BC 11 10 R4 4 X5 + 10 9 LED 2 IC 555 C1 9 _ 8 8 7 + 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 [78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta Krysaid@yahoo.com.my
  • 60. Planning the Layout Improve your plan Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio
  • 61. Tips: Letakkan [ IC ] di tengah verobod, kemudian tandakan laluan[track] punca positif [atas] dan negatif [bawah], Putuskan track di antara pin IC dan tandakan [ X ] pada gambarajah IC. Saiz grid sebenar verobod. Jarak lubang 0.1" (2.54mm) Gunakan saiz grid sebenar verobod di sebelah kiri untuk memeriksa jarak Arus bergerak secara mendatar komponen. Sentiasa utamakan keselamatan. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 + 18 18 LED 1 17 17 16 + 16 15 15 R1 14 R2 14 13 1 X8 13 12 S1 2 X7 12 11 R3 3 X6 BC 11 10 R4 4 X5 + 10 9 IC 555 C1 9 _ 8 8 7 LED 2 + 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 [78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta Krysaid@yahoo.com.my
  • 62. Planning the Layout Check your plan Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio