1. 98 SHODH, SAMIKSHA AUR MULYANKAN
International Indexed & Refereed Research Journal, ISSN 0974-2832,(Print) E- ISSN-2320-5474, December,2013, VOL-V * ISSUE- 59
dfork esa tuoknh fopkj/kkjk turk ds nq[k] nSU;] nkfjn~z; vkSj
ihfM+r ekuork dks vius dkO; dk vkyEcu cukrh gSA
lkeUr'kkgh vkSj i¡wthoknh ls mldk fojks/k gSA tuoknh
fopkj/kkjk dk tUe gh bl fojks/k rFkk tulewg dh jktuhfrd
psruk ds QyLo:i gqvk gSA ;qx dh ek¡x ds vuq:i gh lekt
ds okLrfod thou ¼tuthou½ ds fudV turk dk i{k/kj
;g tu&dkO;&lkfgR; v;Ur l'kDr gS vkSj vts; xfr ls
vkxs c<+k gSA ^tuHkkouk vkt ds nq[k vkSj vHkkoksa dh nqfu;k
ls fudydj lq[k vkSj Lok/khurk ds izdk'k esa lk¡l ys ldsa*
& ;gh thou n`f"V u;h psruk vkSj u;h lEHkkoukvksa ls
vksr&izksr gksdj ckck ukxktZqu esa ,d LoLFk vkSj lkef;d
n`f"Vdks.k dks vfHkO;Dr djrh gSA iz[kj laosnuk] mnkRr Hkko]
vkstLoh Loj] fuckZ/k y;] mUeqDr izokg vkSj l'kDr vfHkO;fDr
ds dfo ukxktZqu dk lEiw.kZ thou rFkk dkO; tulk/kkj.k ds
izfr lefiZr gSA tulk/kkj.k ds chp thou&fuokZg djrs gq,
ukxktqZu dks feF;k dYiuk dh ckrsa vf/kd fnu rd u fj>k
ldhA yksd vkSj yksd laosnuk ls xgjs tqM+sa dfo ukxktqZu
us viuh izxfroknh dfork esa loZgkjk dh vkokt cqyUn dhA
mudh dfork esa turk dk la?k"kZ ewfrZeku gSA tuHkkoukvksa dks
izeq[krk iznku djrs gq, ckck us ns'k dh vlgk; voLFkk vkSj
ihfM+r ekuork dh leL;k dks Loj fn;k rFkk muds fy, og
lSno izfrj{kk ds dV?kjs esa [kM+sa utj vkrs gSaA ,d ^tudfo*
ds nkf;Ro dks vfHkO;Dr djrs gq, ukxktqZu ^tudfo* dfork
esa fy[krs gSa %&
^^le> x;k gw¡]
thou esa bl /kjk&/kke dk D;k egRo gS
dSls dgykrk dksbZ /kjrh dk csVk
vkleku esa lrjaxh ckny ij p<+dj
dSls tudfo /kku jksirk
le> x;k gw¡]
dSls tudfo tehankj ds mu veyksa dks ekj Hkxkrk
gjs ck¡l dh gjh&gjh og ykBh ysdjA**1
nhu&nqf[k;ksa dk nnZ muds fy, ijk;k ugh] viuk
gSA Hkw[k dh O;Fkk ds vuqHkoh dfo ukxktqZu dks lenqf[k;ksa ds
nnZ dh dYiuk ugha djuh iM+h] dsoy LokuqHko dh frDrrk
dh vfHkO;fDr djuh iM+hA loZgkjk oxZ dh nfjnzrk dk o.kZu
djrs gq, dgha&dgha ukxktqZu] xjhcksa ds ?kjsyww&okrkoj.k dk
,slk ifjPNsn gekjs lkeus j[krs gSa] ftldh lgtrk vkSj
December ,2013
'kks/k i= & fgUnh
MkW- ¼Jherh½ yfrdk flag
tudfo ukxktqZu
* 332&A] frdksuhckx] ds-Mh-lh-jksM] cgkbp] m-iz-
LokHkkfodr gesa >d>ksj nsrh gSA iq”r&iq”r dh xjhch vkSj
nq[kh ftUnxh ls vkgr ,d ifjokj dh O;Fkk dks ukxktqZu
^t;fr&t;fr t; loZ eaxyk* dfork esa O;Dr djrs gSa &
**QVh njh ij cSBk gS fpj&jksxh csVk
jk'ku ds pkoy ls dadM+ chu jgh iRuh cspkjh
xHkZ&Hkkj ls vyl f'kfFky gS vax&vax]
eq¡g ij mlds eVeSyh vkHkk
NIij ij cSBh gS fcYyh
fdlds ?kj ls tkus D;k dqN [kk vkbZ gS
pyk&pykdj thHk Lokn ysrh gksBkasa dk---------**2
ukxktqZu tudfo blfy, ugha gSa fd mudh dfork,a
turk dh tcku ij p<+ pqdh gSa cfYd blfy, gSa fd os turk
ds ckjs esa lksprs&fy[krs gSa vkSj mlds fgrksa ds izfr viuh
lPph izfrc)rk ?kksf"kr djrs gSaA ,d lPpk ^ekuo* gksus ds
dkj.k dfo Jfed oxZ ds fy, ;qx dk fo"k rd ihus ds fy,
rS;kj gSA ^eu djrk gS* 'kh"kZd dfork esa ukxktqZu dgrs gSa
^^uaxk gksdj fo’kiku d:¡ lkxj rV ij
gks dky dwV rw dgk¡ x;k
vks gkykgy rw dgk¡ x;k**3
dfo esa 'kksf"kr] ihfM+r oxZ ds izfr laosnuk vkSj
lgkuqHkwfr gS] fdUrq 'kks"kd oxZ ds izfr fonzksg dk Hkko Hkh gS
dfo ds eu esaA ;g fonzksg dk Hkko izfrfgalkRed gksdj
lkekftd vkSj jktuhfrd thou esa cnyko pkgrk gSA ^ihiy
ds ihys iRrs^] ^ckny dks f?kjrs ns[kk gS] ^og dkSu Fkk* vkfn
ukxktqZu dh dforkvksa dh iafDr;ka ØkfUr dk Loj mRiUu
djrh gSaA tulk/kkj.k ds gkFk esa *cUnwd* ;k ^lRrk* fnykdj
ukxktqZu dh dfork 'kks"k.k dk izfrdkj djrh gS] esgurd'k
yksxks dh rckg ftUnxh ds fy, la?k"kZ djrh gSA ^^gj gky
esa ukxktqZu dh n`f"V ncs&dqpys oxZ ij jgrh gS vkSj os mlds
i{k esas [kM+s gkssus dks gh viuh dfork dh lkFkZdrk ekurs gSA^^4
;gh dkj.k gS fd ;qxhu fo"kerk dk fp= mudh dforkvksa esa
ewrZ :i ikrk gSA ,d vksj 'kks"k.k vkSj xjhch ls ihfM+r
tulekt dh eqfDr ds fy, os la?k"kZ djrs utj vkrs gSa rks
nwljh vksj lekt&'kks"kd HksfM+;ksa ds okLrfod :i dk
inkZQk'k cM+s gh l'kDr <+ax ls djrs gSaA ^?kj ls ckgj fudysxh
dSls ytoUrh* dfork esa blh nqjkoLFkk dk o.kZu gSA ,d vksj
Hkw[ks&uaxs yksx QVs&iqjkus oL=ksa esa vius 'kjhj dks <ds nk:.k
thou th jgs gSa rks nwljh vksj csjkstxkjh ds Hk¡oj esa iM+k gqvk

2. 99SHODH, SAMIKSHA AUR MULYANKAN
International Indexed & Refereed Research Journal, ISSN 0974-2832,(Print) E- ISSN-2320-5474, December,2013, VOL-V * ISSUE- 59
O;fFkr ;qok oxZ gSA ,slh nq%fLFkfr esa4
'kkld vktknh dh t;Urh ugha] e¡gxkbZ dh t;Urh euk jgs gSa
^^QVs oL= gSa] ?kj ls ckgj fudsysxh dSls ytoUrh
'keZ u vkrh] euk jgs os e¡gxkbZ dh jtr t;Urh
dke ugh gaS] nke ugha gS
pSu ugha] vkjke ugha gSa
/kq¡vk Hkjk gS fny&fnekx esa-------A**5
ukxktqZu la?k"kZghu lekt dh dYiuk djrs gSaA 'kks"k.k dk
f'kdkj pkgs Hkwfeghu fdlku gks ;k fjD'kkpkyd] etnwj gksa
;k etcwj] fHk[kkjh&vkfnoklh gks ;k uDlyoknh] usikyh turk
dk la?k"kZ gks ;k Hkkjr ds esgurd'kksa dk dksbZ vkUnksyu]
fo;rukeh turk dk eqfDrla?k"kZ gks ;k rsyaxkuk dk fonzksg&
ukxktZqu us ges'kk la?k"kZjr yksxkas dk lkFk fn;kA buls lEcfU/kr
dforkvksa esa og 'kks"k.k dk dsoy nz"Vk ek= gh ugha 'ksDrk Hkh
gSA oLrqr% mudk thou ,d vke vkneh dk nq[kn thou gh
jgkA viuh nk:.k voLFkk ds] ifjokj dh xjhch ,oa QVsgkyh
ds tykyr Hkjs vuds ân;Li'khZ 'kCn&fp= ukxktqZu dh
dfork esa gSA ,d nhu&ghu fu/kZu ifjokj esa tUek ;g dfo
BsB cpiu ls vHkko dk vklo ihus dks foo'k FkkA mudk thou
la?k"kZ iwfjr jgkA ^jfo Bkdqj* dfork ukxktqZu dh lEiw.kZ
foo'krk crk nsus okyh dfork gS&
^^iSnk gqvk Fkk eSa &
nhu&ghu vifBr fdlh d`"kd&dqy esa
vk jgk gw¡ ihrk vHkko dk vklo BsB cpiu ls
dfo! eSa :id gw¡ nch gqbZ nwc dk
gjk gqvk ugha fd pjus dks nkSM+rs!!
thou xqtjrk izfriy la?k"kZ esaAA**6
ukxktqZu dh ^gfjxkFkk^] ^ea=*] ^ØkfUr*] ^fnO;fpUru*]
^og dkSu Fkk] ^vfXucht* vkfn vusd dfork,a orZeku lekt
ds ;FkkFkZ fp= dks mdsjrh gSA Hkkjrh; lkekftd ;FkkFkZ ds
brus O;kid fp= fgUnh ds fdlh dfo esa 'kk;n gh feysaA
fot;cgknqj flag ds vuqlkj] ^^ukxktqZu tSls dfo;ksa dks i<+rs
gq, ge dc dfork esa gSa] dc izR;{k thou esa dg ikuk eqf'dy
gSA ;gk¡ dSejk Hkh gS] v[kckj vkSj mldk Qhpj i`"B Hkh] og
fonX/k ân; Hkh gS ftlls izfrHkk dh vkHkk eqLdjkrh jgrh gSA**7
viuh vifjofrZr Hkwfedk esa izkjEHk ls vUr rd os lekt ds
'kksf"kr] ihfM+r] fdlku] etnwj thou ds vR;Ur tq>k: dfo
jgs gSaA bl izdkj ns'k] ns'k dh turk vkSj mldh /kjrh ds
dfo ukxktqZu ns'k ds lexz lkeftd ;FkkFkZ ls :&c&:
gq, vkSj mls fod`r djus okyh gj lkft'k dk inkZQk'k fd;kA
'kksf"kr&ihfM+r turk dh Je'khyrk] mldh ØkfUrdkjh {kerk]
jktuhfrd usr`Ro dk Ny&Nn~e] lkezkT;oknh&lkeUroknh
'kklu rU= dk vU;k;] vR;kpkj] ik[k.M vkfn tks dqN Hkh
'kksf"kr&ihfM+r turk ds fo:) iM+rk gS] ukxktZqu us ml ij
djkjk izgkj fd;k gSA [kxsUnz Bkdqj ds 'kCnksa esa] ^^ukxktqZu
us turk dss thou dk ubZ n`f"V ls v/;;u djds lqUnj vkSj
vlqUnj ds vUrfojksZ/k dks lekIr djds thou ds vlqUnj dks
Hkh dkO; esa lqUnj cuk fn;k gSA**8
lkekftd vkSj jktuhfrd nqO;ZoLFkk ls ihfM+r dfo
ifjorZu dk gkeh gSA mldh dfork viuh ekVh dh dfork
gS] ij ;g vapy fo'ks"k ij dsfUnzr u gksdj ekuorkokn ij
vk/kkfjr gSA ukxktqZu ds iq= 'kksHkkdkUr firk ukxktqZu ds ckjs
esa fy[krs gSa&^^xjhc turk pkgs xk¡o dh jgh gks ;k 'kgjksa dh]
jktuhfrd nyksa us mls laxBu dh jh<+ ugha cuk;k] cfYd
jktuhfrd nyksa us ,slh Hkw[kh&uaxh] nhu&ghu] ihfM+r&'kksf"kr
vkSj vlgk; turk dk tedj mi;ksx fd;k vkSj mls lM+d
ij NksM+dj [kqn [kwclwjr Nk;knkj ykWu esa tk cSBsA ckcw th
us ,slh gh turk ls tqM+dj vkSj lkFk puk&pcsuk [kkdj muds
fy, lkfgR; dks viuk ,d ek= y{; cuk;k gSA**9
^euq";
g¡w^ dfork esa ukxktqZu Lo;a dgrs gSa &
^^dfo gw¡ ihNs] igys rks ekuo gh gw¡A
vfrekuo ;k yksdksRrj fdldks dgrs gSa
ugha tkurk!
dSls tkuw¡
lq[k&lqfo/kk eas gqyl&gqyldj
nq[k&nqfo/kk esa >qyl&>qyldj
lc tSls vius thou dks fcrk jgs gSa
oSls eSa Hkh viuk thou chrk jgk gw¡A**10
ukxktqZu Hkkjrh; lekt dh oxhZ; lajpuk dh
ckjhfd;ksa vkSj tfVyrkvksa dks ftruh Li"Vrk ls igpkurs gSa
mruh gh lgtrk] fufHkZdrk vkSj i{k/kjrk ds lkFk O;Dr Hkh
djrs gSaA lekt ds izfr lkfgR; dk D;k nkf;Ro gS] bl drZO;
Hkkouk us ukxktqZu dks ns'k] /kjrh vkSj turk dk cgqvk;keh
lkekftd ;FkkFkZ fpf=r djus dh izsj.kk nhA ;g lkekftd
;FkkFkZ mudh dfork esa brus ikjn'khZ :i esa lkeus vk;k gS
fd mudh dfork lkekftd ;FkkFkZ dh thrh&tkxrh izfrek
cu x;h gSaA fu%lUnsg ukxktqZu lPps vFkksZ esa tudfo gSaA
1& eSustj ik.Ms;] ukxktqZu p;fur dfork,a ¼laiknu½] i`0 9] us”kuy cqd VªLV bf.M;k] ubZ fnYyhA
2& ogh] i`0 26]
3& ukxktqZu] ^gtkj&gtkj ckgksa okyh*] i`0 190] jk/kkd`’.k izdk”ku] fnYyhA
4& ukxktqZu] ^iqjkuh twfr;ksa dk dksjl^] ¶ySi ls] ok.kh izdk”ku] ubZ fnYyhA
5& ukxktqZu] ^rqedks dgk Fkk*] i`0 56] ok.kh izdk”ku] ubZ fnYyhA
6& eSustj ik.Ms;] ukxktqZu p;fur dfork,a ¼laiknu½] i`0 100] us”kuy cqd VªLV bf.M;k] ubZ fnYyhA
7& vkykspuk] ^vDVwcj&fnlEcj] 2011] i`0 69A
8& ogh i`0 60A
9& “kksHkkdkUr] ^ukxktqZu% esjs ckcw th*] i`0 143] ok.kh izdk”ku] ubZ fnYyhA
10& ukxktqZu] ^;qx/kkjk*] i`0 112] ;k=h izdk”ku] fnYyhA