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HAZCOM Training




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                        Key Elements of the OSHA Hazard
                            Communication Standard

The OSHA Hazard Communication Standard is composed of five key elements.
These five key elements are:

 1. Materials Inventory - A list of the hazardous materials present in your
    work area.

 2. Material Safety Data Sheets - A detailed description of each hazardous
    material listed in the Materials Inventory.

 3. Labeling - Containers of hazardous materials must have labels which
    identify the material and warn of its potential hazard to employees.

 4. Training - All employees must be trained to identify and work safely with
    hazardous materials.

 5. Written Program - A written program must be developed which ties all of
    the above together.

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 What Do I Need to Know?

Employees often ask themselves the following questions:

1. How can this material hurt me?

2. What can I do to protect myself?

3. Where can I find the answers to the first two questions




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Where to Find the Information You Need

 Your most immediate source for information can be found on labels attached to
 containers which hold various hazardous materials.

 Your second source of information is Materials Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs).
 Material Safety Data Sheets will be discussed in the next section.




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           What Must Be Labeled

The OSHA Hazard Communication Standard requires that ALL hazardous materials
be labeled. Labels must appear either on the container itself, the batch ticket,
placard, or the process sheets.

Hazardous chemicals in portable containers which are for the immediate use of the
employee who performs the transfer is the exception to this rule.




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            Material Safety Data Sheets

While labels are an effective way to display information about hazardous materials,
there will be times when you will want more information than can be included on a
label.

You can find additional information about the hazardous materials you work with in
what is called a Material Safety Data Sheet, or MSDS for short. You should take
time to read and understand the MSDSs describing the hazardous materials present
in your work area.




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   Hazardous Waste/Material

• Definition:
  - “Hazardous waste is a hazardous
  material which has been determined
  unusable for its original purpose.”



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                 What is an MSDS?
A Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) provides detailed information about a specific
hazardous material. An MSDS contains the following information:

   Identity (name of substance)
   Physical Hazards (target organ)
   Health Hazards
   Routes of Body Entry
   Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL)
   Carcinogenic Factors (cancer causing)
   Safe-Handling Procedures
   Data of Sheet Preparation
   Control Measures (personal protective equipment)
   Emergency First Aid Procedures (emergency telephone number)
   Contact Information (for the preparer of the sheet)
   Special Instructions

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  When Do You Use an MSDS?
Some chemicals, such as sodium hydroxide, are very
dangerous. If you have an accident, you may not have
time to look up the information you need in an MSDS.
You should read the MSDSs for the hazardous
materials present in your work area before you work
with them.




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              How to Find an MSDS


Ask your supervisor or POL Rep where MSDSs are located. Take time to read the
MSDSs which describe the hazardous materials present in your work area.
Remember, knowing where MSDSs are located and how to use them is your
responsibility; it is part of your job.




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Materials Which Use the Fire Symbol
There are three classes of materials which use the
fire symbol.

               1. Flammables can be gases, liquids or solids.
                Flammables ignite easily and burn rapidly.
                Liquid flammables have a flashpoint under 100
                degrees Fahrenheit.

               2. Combustibles are similar to flammables, but
                they do not ignite as easily. Liquid combustibles
                have a flash point above 100 degrees
                Fahrenheit.

               3. Pyrophoric, or spontaneous combustion
                materials, burst into flames "on their own" at
                temperatures below 130 degrees Fahrenheit.



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Working with Materials That Use the Fire Symbol
       Whenever you work with a material that uses the fire
       symbol, be sure to read the warning label and the
       MSDS for safe handling procedures. With flammables,
       combustibles, and pyrophorics, do not expose these
       materials to sparks, flames or other heat sources. You
       must also not smoke or light a match or flame near
       them.




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         Acute vs. Chronic
The effects of health hazards are classified as either:



               1. Acute
               2.Chronic




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               Acute Health Hazards
Acute Health Hazards are those whose effects occur immediately or soon after you
come in contact with them.

For example, you accidentally spill a strong acid on your hand. The acid will begin
to burn your hand immediately. Or, you begin to work with a paint solvent in a
closed area, and the fumes make you feel dizzy.




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           Chronic Health Hazards

Chronic Health Hazards, on the other hand, are those whose effects take years or
decades to occur after many exposures.

An example of a chronic health hazard would be asbestos. The dangerous effects
for people who have been overexposed to asbestos take years to appear and have
been linked to a number of fatal lung diseases.




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                    Routes of Exposure

It's important to remember that hazardous materials present a health hazard only
when they come into contact with the body. Chemicals can enter the body in three
ways:




                     1. Inhalation
                     2. Skin absorption
                     3. Ingestion


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                        Inhalation


Inhalation is the most common route of exposure for
most health hazards. This includes breathing in dust,
fumes, oil mist, and vapors from solvents and various
gases.




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  Skin Contact

Some chemicals are absorbed into the body through skin
contact. If a chemical is readily absorbed into the skin,
then the notation "skin" will appear along with the
occupational exposure limits on the MSDS. Corrosive
chemicals can cause burns and tissue destruction. Extra
care must be taken to prevent skin and eye contact with
these chemicals. This is why wearing aprons, gloves, eye
protection, and other protective clothing is important when
working with some chemicals.




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Ingestion
  It is possible to accidentally eat chemicals
  that are health hazards. To insure that
  you do not accidentally eat any of the
  chemicals you work with:
  1.Never eat foods in areas where
     chemicals are used.
  2.Never smoke in areas were
     chemicals are used.
  3.Wash your hands and face with soap
     and water after working with
    chemicals before you eat, drink, or
    smoke.


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         Major Types of Health Hazards
Any chemical that may be harmful to your health is called a health hazard. The
following is a brief description of the major types of health hazards.

Corrosives - cause tissue damage and burns on contact with the skin and eyes.

Primary Irritants - cause intense redness or swelling of the skin or eyes on contact,
but with no permanent tissue damage.

Sensitizers - cause an allergic skin or lung reaction.

Acutely Toxic Materials - cause an adverse effect, even at a very low dose.

Carcinogens - may cause cancer.

Teratogens - may cause birth defects.

Organ Specific Hazards - may cause damage to specific organ systems, such as the
blood, liver, lungs, or reproductive system.

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  Health Hazard Symbols

This symbol is used to identify materials which are
 Corrosives. Corrosives cause tissue damage and
 burns on contact with skin or eyes.




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Questions?




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Hazcom training

  • 1. UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO HAZCOM Training UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO 1
  • 2. UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO Key Elements of the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard The OSHA Hazard Communication Standard is composed of five key elements. These five key elements are: 1. Materials Inventory - A list of the hazardous materials present in your work area. 2. Material Safety Data Sheets - A detailed description of each hazardous material listed in the Materials Inventory. 3. Labeling - Containers of hazardous materials must have labels which identify the material and warn of its potential hazard to employees. 4. Training - All employees must be trained to identify and work safely with hazardous materials. 5. Written Program - A written program must be developed which ties all of the above together. UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO 2
  • 3. UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO What Do I Need to Know? Employees often ask themselves the following questions: 1. How can this material hurt me? 2. What can I do to protect myself? 3. Where can I find the answers to the first two questions UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO 3
  • 4. UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO Where to Find the Information You Need Your most immediate source for information can be found on labels attached to containers which hold various hazardous materials. Your second source of information is Materials Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs). Material Safety Data Sheets will be discussed in the next section. UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO 4
  • 5. UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO What Must Be Labeled The OSHA Hazard Communication Standard requires that ALL hazardous materials be labeled. Labels must appear either on the container itself, the batch ticket, placard, or the process sheets. Hazardous chemicals in portable containers which are for the immediate use of the employee who performs the transfer is the exception to this rule. UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO 5
  • 6. UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO Material Safety Data Sheets While labels are an effective way to display information about hazardous materials, there will be times when you will want more information than can be included on a label. You can find additional information about the hazardous materials you work with in what is called a Material Safety Data Sheet, or MSDS for short. You should take time to read and understand the MSDSs describing the hazardous materials present in your work area. UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO 6
  • 7. UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO Hazardous Waste/Material • Definition: - “Hazardous waste is a hazardous material which has been determined unusable for its original purpose.” UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO 7
  • 8. UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO What is an MSDS? A Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) provides detailed information about a specific hazardous material. An MSDS contains the following information: Identity (name of substance) Physical Hazards (target organ) Health Hazards Routes of Body Entry Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL) Carcinogenic Factors (cancer causing) Safe-Handling Procedures Data of Sheet Preparation Control Measures (personal protective equipment) Emergency First Aid Procedures (emergency telephone number) Contact Information (for the preparer of the sheet) Special Instructions UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO 8
  • 9. UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO When Do You Use an MSDS? Some chemicals, such as sodium hydroxide, are very dangerous. If you have an accident, you may not have time to look up the information you need in an MSDS. You should read the MSDSs for the hazardous materials present in your work area before you work with them. UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO 9
  • 10. UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO How to Find an MSDS Ask your supervisor or POL Rep where MSDSs are located. Take time to read the MSDSs which describe the hazardous materials present in your work area. Remember, knowing where MSDSs are located and how to use them is your responsibility; it is part of your job. UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO 10
  • 11. UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO Materials Which Use the Fire Symbol There are three classes of materials which use the fire symbol. 1. Flammables can be gases, liquids or solids. Flammables ignite easily and burn rapidly. Liquid flammables have a flashpoint under 100 degrees Fahrenheit. 2. Combustibles are similar to flammables, but they do not ignite as easily. Liquid combustibles have a flash point above 100 degrees Fahrenheit. 3. Pyrophoric, or spontaneous combustion materials, burst into flames "on their own" at temperatures below 130 degrees Fahrenheit. UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO 11
  • 12. UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO Working with Materials That Use the Fire Symbol Whenever you work with a material that uses the fire symbol, be sure to read the warning label and the MSDS for safe handling procedures. With flammables, combustibles, and pyrophorics, do not expose these materials to sparks, flames or other heat sources. You must also not smoke or light a match or flame near them. UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO 12
  • 13. UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO Acute vs. Chronic The effects of health hazards are classified as either: 1. Acute 2.Chronic UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO 13
  • 14. UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO Acute Health Hazards Acute Health Hazards are those whose effects occur immediately or soon after you come in contact with them. For example, you accidentally spill a strong acid on your hand. The acid will begin to burn your hand immediately. Or, you begin to work with a paint solvent in a closed area, and the fumes make you feel dizzy. UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO 14
  • 15. UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO Chronic Health Hazards Chronic Health Hazards, on the other hand, are those whose effects take years or decades to occur after many exposures. An example of a chronic health hazard would be asbestos. The dangerous effects for people who have been overexposed to asbestos take years to appear and have been linked to a number of fatal lung diseases. UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO 15
  • 16. UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO Routes of Exposure It's important to remember that hazardous materials present a health hazard only when they come into contact with the body. Chemicals can enter the body in three ways: 1. Inhalation 2. Skin absorption 3. Ingestion UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO 16
  • 17. UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO Inhalation Inhalation is the most common route of exposure for most health hazards. This includes breathing in dust, fumes, oil mist, and vapors from solvents and various gases. UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO 17
  • 18. UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO Skin Contact Some chemicals are absorbed into the body through skin contact. If a chemical is readily absorbed into the skin, then the notation "skin" will appear along with the occupational exposure limits on the MSDS. Corrosive chemicals can cause burns and tissue destruction. Extra care must be taken to prevent skin and eye contact with these chemicals. This is why wearing aprons, gloves, eye protection, and other protective clothing is important when working with some chemicals. UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO 18
  • 19. UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO Ingestion It is possible to accidentally eat chemicals that are health hazards. To insure that you do not accidentally eat any of the chemicals you work with: 1.Never eat foods in areas where chemicals are used. 2.Never smoke in areas were chemicals are used. 3.Wash your hands and face with soap and water after working with chemicals before you eat, drink, or smoke. UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO 19
  • 20. UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO Major Types of Health Hazards Any chemical that may be harmful to your health is called a health hazard. The following is a brief description of the major types of health hazards. Corrosives - cause tissue damage and burns on contact with the skin and eyes. Primary Irritants - cause intense redness or swelling of the skin or eyes on contact, but with no permanent tissue damage. Sensitizers - cause an allergic skin or lung reaction. Acutely Toxic Materials - cause an adverse effect, even at a very low dose. Carcinogens - may cause cancer. Teratogens - may cause birth defects. Organ Specific Hazards - may cause damage to specific organ systems, such as the blood, liver, lungs, or reproductive system. UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO 20
  • 21. UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO Health Hazard Symbols This symbol is used to identify materials which are Corrosives. Corrosives cause tissue damage and burns on contact with skin or eyes. UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO 21