The importance of user innovation is widely accepted, but the development of the Internet of Things is primarily driven by large commercial players. Using an innovation perspective, this paper identifies how user innovation and market-based innovation can be combined in the Internet of Things (IoT). A survey of tools for user/developers in the IoT space uncovers a rich set of tools for creation of hardware, software and data but reveals poor support for distribution and sharing of such artifacts. To address this shortcoming we propose connected marketplaces as a way to provide users/developers with rich opportunities for sharing and trading of artifacts, and to enable effective user innovation in the IoT.

1. Internet of Things 2010, Tokyo
Market-based User Innovation in
the Internet of Things
Gerd Kortuem Fahim Kawsar
Lancaster University Lancaster University & Bell Labs
www.kortuem.com www.fahim-kawsar.com
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2. This presentation is
available on my blog:
www.kortuem.com
The corresponding paper
is available at:
www.kortuem.com/publications and
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IOT.
2010.5678434
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3. Innovation by users for users
Eric von Hippel. Democratizing Innovation. MIT Press 2005
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4. Building the future home
Georgia Tech's Aware Home. Photo by Gary Meeks
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5. Current innovation drivers
Image courtesy of http://101lab.net/blog/2007/01/rfid-1.html
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6. R&D agenda ignores end users
as source of innovation
Vision and Challenges
for Realising the
Internet of Things
March 2010
Edited by
Harald Sundmaeker
Patrick Guillemin
Peter Friess
Sylvie Woelfflé
The meaning of things
lies not in the things
themselves, but in our
attitude towards them.
Antoine de Saint-Exupéry
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7. The power of user-driven innovation:
social activism
EcoSnoop.com - Sustainability through
Activism. EcoSnoop for iPhone is an
activism tool that allows green-aware users
to assist and encourage corporate green
initiatives.
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8. The power of user-driven innovation:
citizen science
AKStrandNet - Allows people to take and
submit photos of dead and live stranded
marine mammals in Alaska.
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9. The power of user-driven innovation:
citizen journalism
360News – Putting the power of
full featured news reporting in the hands
of citizen journalists and news enthusiasts.
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10. The Internet of Things
needs user innovation.
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11. Shifting Innovation to users via toolkits
Fahim Kawsar. A Document-Based Framework for User Centric Smart Object
Systems, PhD dissertation, Dept. Computer Science, Waseda Univ., Feb. 2009.
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Erich von Hippel, & R. Katz. Shifting Innovation to Users via Toolkits.
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12. Providing tools is not enough
Invention ≠ Innovation.
Innovation requires creation and
diffusion and adoption.
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13. Example: Arduino open hardware
innovation community
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14. The IoT user innovation landscape
Data Data Platforms Sourcemap
Software Toolkits iCap
SW
Software Platforms Pachube
Hardware Toolkits Phidgets
HW Closed Hardware Platforms Dust sensor node
Open Hardware Platforms Tinker
Tools Sharing Markeplaces
for Creation of Creations for Creations
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15. The challenge of IoT Marketplaces
multiple vendors
heterogeneous hardware platforms
heterogenous data sources and formats
hw, sw and data compatibility
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16. Def.: Connected marketplaces
Marketplace Marketplace
for products for products
of type A of type B
Def.: Two marketplaces are connected if products of
one marketplace can be used to enhance, control or
interact with products of the other marketplace.
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17. Connected marketplace example
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18. Building the future home
Georgia Tech's Aware Home. Photo by Gary Meeks
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19. Connected Smart Home Marketplaces
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Figure 2. Connected Marketplaces Supporting User Innovation in the IoT Space
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20. These connected marketplaces provide
inhabitants with rich opportunities for
exchanging their local experimentations,
from hardware to software and data.
Connected marketplaces support
user innovation across
multiple levels of complexity.
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21. Challenges
1. Understanding and supporting user
innovation touchpoints.
2. Understanding user incentives.
3. Understanding the characteristics of
open innovation platforms.
4. Identifying IoT business models.
5. Identifying and mapping potential
open IoT ecosystems
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22. Understanding
user innovation touchpoints
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23. Challenges
1. Understanding and supporting user
innovation touchpoints.
2. Understanding user incentives.
3. Understanding the characteristics of
open innovation platforms.
4. Identifying IoT business models.
5. Identifying and mapping potential
open IoT ecosystems
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24. Summary
The IoT needs user innovation
User innovation in IoT is complex
Connected marketplaces
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25. Thank you.
Gerd Kortuem
gerd@kortuem.com
@kortuem
www.kortuem.com
Fahim Kawsar
fahim.kawsar@gmail.com
www.fahim-kawsar.net
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