1. THE SCIENTISTSTHE SCIENTISTSTHE SCIENTISTSTHE SCIENTISTSTHE SCIENTISTSTHE SCIENTISTS
María José Jiménez Mariano García FernándezMaría José Jiménez, Mariano García Fernández
CSICCSIC
Institute of Geosciences (CSIC UCM) Madrid SpainInstitute of Geosciences (CSIC-UCM), Madrid, Spain
mj.jimenez@csic.es, mariano.garcia@csic.es
1 I d i1 I d i1. Introduction1. Introduction 3. Scientists & Fragmentation of Knowledge3. Scientists & Fragmentation of Knowledge3. Scientists & Fragmentation of Knowledge3. Scientists & Fragmentation of Knowledge
SCIENTISTSSCIENTISTSSCIENTISTSSCIENTISTS
SCIENTISTSSCIENTISTSDATA, INFORMATION , KNOWLEDGE SCIENTISTSSCIENTISTS
SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL ASPECTS
WHO?WHO?STRATEGY FRAMEWORKS for DRRDRR in integration toin integration to CCACCA
WHO?WHO?
ff ff
STRATEGY FRAMEWORKS for DRRDRR in integration toin integration to CCACCA
Those capable of deliveringThose capable of delivering scientificscientific and technical data,and technical data,gg
information, andinformation, and knowledgeknowledge
13 CASE STUDIES13 CASE STUDIES KNOWLEDGEKNOWLEDGE
information, andinformation, and knowledgeknowledge
13 CASE STUDIES13 CASE STUDIES
DIFFERENT TEMPORAL & SPATIAL SCALES
KNOWLEDGEKNOWLEDGE
GAPS BARRIERS BRIDGESGAPS BARRIERS BRIDGES 1 2DIFFERENT TEMPORAL & SPATIAL SCALES
SUDDEN ONSET & CREEPING EVENTS
GAPS, BARRIERS, BRIDGESGAPS, BARRIERS, BRIDGES
i li l f ti lf ti l t t lt t l
1 2SUDDEN ONSET & CREEPING EVENTS
5 HYDROMETEREOLOGICAL EVENTS
(socialsocial,, functionalfunctional,, structuralstructural )
PHASES f DISASTER CYCLEPHASES f DISASTER CYCLE
EXPERTS & TECHNICAL STAFFEXPERTS & TECHNICAL STAFF PRACTICIONERSPRACTICIONERS5 HYDROMETEREOLOGICAL EVENTS PHASES of DISASTER CYCLEPHASES of DISASTER CYCLE
BBodies in Public Sectorodies in Public Sector
PRACTICIONERSPRACTICIONERS
Private SectorPrivate SectorBBodies in Public Sectorodies in Public Sector Private SectorPrivate Sector
2 Role of Scientists in DRR and CCA2 Role of Scientists in DRR and CCA 32. Role of Scientists in DRR and CCA2. Role of Scientists in DRR and CCA 3
RESEARCH SCIENTISTSRESEARCH SCIENTISTS
Universities or Research Centres (Public or Private)
INTERDISCIPLINARITYINTERDISCIPLINARITY
Universities or Research Centres (Public or Private)
&INCREASINGINCREASING INCREASINGINCREASING
INTERDISCIPLINARITYINTERDISCIPLINARITY &
C lt i f P i t S tSPECIALISATIONSPECIALISATION FRAGMENTATIONFRAGMENTATION
powerful tool Consultancies for Private SectorFRAGMENTATIONFRAGMENTATION
addressing most complex issues;
COMPLEX PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATIONCOMPLEX PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATIONCOMPLEX PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATIONCOMPLEX PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION
Barriers on collectively thinkingDRR and CCADRR and CCA DisciplinesDisciplines NOT NECESSARILYNOT NECESSARILY make different groupsmake different groupsBarriers on collectively thinkingDRR and CCADRR and CCA
‘SYSTEM PROBLEMS‘SYSTEM PROBLEMS
DisciplinesDisciplines NOT NECESSARILYNOT NECESSARILY make different groupsmake different groups
SYSTEM PROBLEMSSYSTEM PROBLEMS
l i t ti
FRAGMENTATION DISTINCT ISSUESFRAGMENTATION DISTINCT ISSUEScomplex interacting processes
FRAGMENTATION DISTINCT ISSUESFRAGMENTATION DISTINCT ISSUESdifferent temporal and spatial scales EFFECTIVEEFFECTIVE
expertise from natural and social sciences
INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCHINTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCHINTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCHINTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
DETAILED PRELIMINARY ORGANISATIONDETAILED PRELIMINARY ORGANISATIONINTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCHINTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH DETAILED PRELIMINARY ORGANISATIONDETAILED PRELIMINARY ORGANISATION
problem formulation, data analysis and interpretation
simulation modelling, and sensitivity analysis
SCIENTIFIC CONSENSUSSCIENTIFIC CONSENSUS POTENTIAL LEGAL LIABILITY of SCIENTISTSPOTENTIAL LEGAL LIABILITY of SCIENTISTSSCIENTIFIC CONSENSUSSCIENTIFIC CONSENSUS
LLack of understanding/awarenessack of understanding/awareness whowho offer adviceoffer advice
d d id d i
shouldshould not be a main argumentnot be a main argument
and recommend actions to governments.and recommend actions to governments.asas a basis fora basis for actionaction
ASSESMENT OF UNCERTAINTYASSESMENT OF UNCERTAINTY
&&degreedegree of truth of scientificof truth of scientific knowledgeknowledge &&credibility of the information/knowledgecredibility of the information/knowledgegg gg y gy g
Prevention and mitigation Prevention and mitigation Recovery and reconstruction Recovery and reconstruction
i l ti t t t d th b ti f th i ff t d i t Th i lK l d
i l ti t t t d th b ti f th i ff t d i t Th i lK l d
in relation to extreme events and the exacerbation of their effects and impacts. Their low Knowledge gap
probability and frequency might cause a functional bias
in relation to extreme events and the exacerbation of their effects and impacts. Their low Knowledge gap
probability and frequency might cause a functional bias
More bridges than barriers: The event acting as a catalyst. More bridges than barriers: The event acting as a catalyst.
probability and frequency might cause a functional biasprobability and frequency might cause a functional bias
recently established for knowledge sharing among scientists and those interacting withFunctional bridges
recently established for knowledge sharing among scientists and those interacting withFunctional bridges
Mostly . The event prioritising actions on e.g.: functional bridgesMostly . The event prioritising actions on e.g.: functional bridges
recently established for knowledge sharing among scientists and those interacting with Functional bridges
the public sector, including joint work for improvement of procedures
recently established for knowledge sharing among scientists and those interacting with Functional bridges
the public sector, including joint work for improvement of procedures  need for changes in existing approaches regarding  need for changes in existing approaches regarding the public sector, including joint work for improvement of procedures
the public sector, including joint work for improvement of procedures
o data, methods and communication o data, methods and communication
Common barrier on data: Common barrier on data: o interdisciplinary work to avoid fragmentation o interdisciplinary work to avoid fragmentation
Availability (if existing or if scattered) Availability (if existing or if scattered) o interlinks and joint development programmes among different stakeholders o interlinks and joint development programmes among different stakeholders
Quality and resolution Quality and resolution  allocation of funds to dedicated programmes on risk management  allocation of funds to dedicated programmes on risk management
Lack of resources to get better quality/higher resolution within the established temporal/financial
f k
Lack of resources to get better quality/higher resolution within the established temporal/financial
f k
 triggering volunteering to work on establishing inter‐stakeholder partnerships  triggering volunteering to work on establishing inter‐stakeholder partnerships
isis
frameworks frameworks
l l d i i i i i h h i lS i l b id
l l d i i i i i h h i lS i l b id
ysys
related to the development of research on vulnerability mitigation and riskFunctional barriers
related to the development of research on vulnerability mitigation and riskFunctional barriers
local administrators – scientists, with the event acting as a catalyst Social bridge local administrators – scientists, with the event acting as a catalyst Social bridge
alyaly
related to the development of research on vulnerability, mitigation and risk Functional barriers
communication:
related to the development of research on vulnerability, mitigation and risk Functional barriers
communication:
M i l i l ti t d i i t ti dt t l b i
M i l i l ti t d i i t ti dt t l b i
nana
communication:
 scientists’ advice was not taken into account
communication:
 scientists’ advice was not taken into account
Mainly in relation to administrative procedures: structural barriers
L k f i l t ti f lt f d di t d t di
Mainly in relation to administrative procedures: structural barriers
L k f i l t ti f lt f d di t d t di
AnAn
 scientists advice was not taken into account
 available information only partly useful
 scientists advice was not taken into account
 available information only partly useful
 Lack of implementation of results of dedicated studies
L d l th d ti f th i f ti
 Lack of implementation of results of dedicated studies
L d l th d ti f th i f ti
eAeA
available information only partly useful
 lack of a shared risk culture
available information only partly useful
 lack of a shared risk culture
 Long delays on the production of the information
St iti t l l l l t f ll ib d i l di fi i l ti
 Long delays on the production of the information
St iti t l l l l t f ll ib d i l di fi i l ti
hehe
 lack or failures in communicating the relevant information in a usable way  lack or failures in communicating the relevant information in a usable way
 Strong opposition at local level to follow prescribed measures including financial compensations.  Strong opposition at local level to follow prescribed measures including financial compensations.
fthfth
g y
 main interest by local stakeholders limited to hazard issues
g y
 main interest by local stakeholders limited to hazard issues
d t il bilit l d d if i ti t ll hi h b i t d ithK l d
d t il bilit l d d if i ti t ll hi h b i t d ithK l d
ofof
y
y
on data availability on losses and damage if existing at all, which can be associated with Knowledge gap
functional issues caused by little attention to these aspects in past events
on data availability on losses and damage if existing at all, which can be associated with Knowledge gap
functional issues caused by little attention to these aspects in past events
yoyo
causing: Social barriers causing: Social barriers functional issues caused by little attention to these aspects in past events. functional issues caused by little attention to these aspects in past events.
aryary
 Local indigenous knowledge not considered useful by local scientists  Local indigenous knowledge not considered useful by local scientists
GAPSGAPS
mama
 Scientific data not accepted by local actors  Scientific data not accepted by local actors
GAPSGAPS
mmmm
GAPSGAPS
umum
Preparedness, planning and warning Preparedness, planning and warning
BARRIERS & BRIDGESBARRIERS & BRIDGES
SuSu
F i h d ( SLR) h ib i f i i i i i h i h EU li i
F i h d ( SLR) h ib i f i i i i i h i h EU li i BARRIERS & BRIDGESBARRIERS & BRIDGES
SS
For creeping hazards (e.g. SLR) the contribution of scientists in raising awareness together with EU policies
t th h i f k l d ithi l b id ll ( i ti t ’f ti l t
For creeping hazards (e.g. SLR) the contribution of scientists in raising awareness together with EU policies
t th h i f k l d ithi l b id ll ( i ti t ’f ti l t
BARRIERS & BRIDGESBARRIERS & BRIDGES
4.4.
represents a on the sharing of knowledge with a social bridge as well (scientists’ scope functional aspect
and priorities in their research)
represents a on the sharing of knowledge with a social bridge as well (scientists’ scope functional aspect
and priorities in their research)and priorities in their research). and priorities in their research).
Period after reconstructionPeriod after reconstruction
For sudden‐onset hazards early warning due to insufficient capacities and equipmentstructural barriers
For sudden‐onset hazards early warning due to insufficient capacities and equipmentstructural barriers
Period after reconstruction Period after reconstruction
For sudden onset hazards, early warning due to insufficient capacities and equipment structural barriers
to transfer precise information well in advance. Often a consequence of laws and regulations.
For sudden onset hazards, early warning due to insufficient capacities and equipment structural barriers
to transfer precise information well in advance. Often a consequence of laws and regulations.
Main bridges and on recent advances in new ICT providing improvements in:functional structural
Main bridges and on recent advances in new ICT providing improvements in:functional structuralto transfer precise information well in advance. Often a consequence of laws and regulations.
to transfer precise information well in advance. Often a consequence of laws and regulations.
Main bridges and on recent advances in new ICT providing improvements in: functional structural
 Quantity and quality of the data
Main bridges and on recent advances in new ICT providing improvements in: functional structural
 Quantity and quality of the data
For creeping hazards on: functional barriersFor creeping hazards on: functional barriers
 Quantity and quality of the data
 Diffusion of the information
 Quantity and quality of the data
 Diffusion of the information
 Transfer of knowledge and information on well‐known vulnerabilities  Transfer of knowledge and information on well‐known vulnerabilities
 Diffusion of the information
 Establishment of programmes to increase knowledge and awareness on vulnerability and safe
 Diffusion of the information
 Establishment of programmes to increase knowledge and awareness on vulnerability and safe
 Prediction and warning links to systematic observations are mainly scientific oriented  Prediction and warning links to systematic observations are mainly scientific oriented
 Establishment of programmes to increase knowledge and awareness on vulnerability and safe
construction
 Establishment of programmes to increase knowledge and awareness on vulnerability and safe
constructionconstruction construction
Response Response
l l b f h h
l l b f h h
on general background knowledge in society, as well as biases to mostly hazard‐Functional barriers
on general background knowledge in society, as well as biases to mostly hazard‐Functional barriers
Very little or even no contributions of scientists in the response phase Very little or even no contributions of scientists in the response phase
on general background knowledge in society, as well as biases to mostly hazardFunctional barriers
oriented work
on general background knowledge in society, as well as biases to mostly hazardFunctional barriers
oriented work
Not referred knowledge shared systems that would allow real time updates to deliver improved
Not referred knowledge shared systems that would allow real time updates to deliver improved
oriented work oriented work
Not referred knowledge shared systems that would allow real‐time updates to deliver improved
information for quick decisions during response from traditional approaches where no fastFunctional bias
Not referred knowledge shared systems that would allow real‐time updates to deliver improved
information for quick decisions during response from traditional approaches where no fastFunctional bias
when a lack of transfer of the acquired knowledge on risk to the local levels occurs Social barriers
when a lack of transfer of the acquired knowledge on risk to the local levels occurs Social barriersinformation for quick decisions during response. from traditional approaches where no fast Functional bias
observational techniques were available (e g (satellites Internet)
information for quick decisions during response. from traditional approaches where no fast Functional bias
observational techniques were available (e g (satellites Internet)
q g
(administration and local stakeholders)
q g
(administration and local stakeholders) observational techniques were available (e.g. (satellites, Internet). observational techniques were available (e.g. (satellites, Internet). ( )( )