The document describes the main organelles and structures found within plant and animal cells. The cell membrane forms the outer boundary and controls what enters and leaves the cell. Plant cells also contain a cell wall made of cellulose that provides protection and support. The nucleus contains the cell's genetic information and controls most cellular activities. Cytoplasm and organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, mitochondria, vacuoles, lysosomes, and in plant cells chloroplasts, carry out specialized functions needed for the cell to survive.

2. Cell Membrane
• Outer
boundary of
cell
• Protects the
cell
• Controls what
enters and
leaves the
cell

3. Cell Wall
• Only found in
plant cells
• Adds protection
and support
• Made of
cellulose
• Allows water
and dissolved
substances to
pass through.

4. The Nucleus
• Controls most
activities in the cell
• Contains all
genetic information
in the form of DNA.

5. Cytoplasm
• Clear fluid within
cell that contains all
organelles
• Moves materials
throughout the cell

6. Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Series of folded
membranes that form sacs
or tubes
• Packages proteins for the
Golgi Complex
• Rough ER has ribosomes
attached; smooth ER does
not have ribosomes

7. Ribosomes
• Transports materials
between the cytoplasm
and nucleus
• Makes proteins in the
cell
• May be free in
cytoplasm or attached
to ER (rough ER)
• Proteins are vital to life-
all cells must produce
them

8. Golgi
Complex
• Saclike membranes
used for storing/
packaging of
chemicals
• Cells that make
saliva or mucus
have many Golgi
complexes

9. Mitochondria
• Energy producers
(“mighty
mitochondria”)
• Powerhouse of the
cell
• Sausage-shaped
• Many mitochondria in

10. Vacuoles
• Store food,
water, or waste
materials
• Plant cells have
large vacuoles

11. Lysosomes
• Found in Golgi
complex
• Contain digestive
enzymes to digest
food particles &
wastes
• Help white blood
cells to destroy
bacteria
• Clean up cell like
Lysol (lysol =
lysosome)

12. Chloroplasts
• Organelle where
photosynthesis
takes place
• Chlorophyll inside
chloroplast gives
plant its green color
• Only in plant cells