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Animal Behavior  meerkats
What is behavior? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Evolutionary perspective ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Innate: Directed movements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Complex Innate behaviors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ancient  fly-ways Monarch migration Sandpiper Bobolink Golden plover
Innate & Learning: Imprinting ,[object Object],[object Object],Konrad Lorenz
Critical period ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],As a  brood parasite , the Cuckoo never learn the song of their species as a nestling. Song development is totally innate.  imprinting/critical period in humans?
Learned behavior ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Operant conditioning ,[object Object],mouse learns to associate behavior (pressing lever) with reward (food pellet) B. F. Skinner
Classical conditioning ,[object Object],[object Object]
Learning: Habituation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Learning: Problem-solving ,[object Object],tool use problem-solving chimpanzee sea otter crow
Social behaviors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Language ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Social interaction requires COMMUNICATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Social behaviors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Social behaviors  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Social behaviors ,[object Object],[object Object],Pack of African dogs hunting wildebeest cooperatively White pelicans “herding” school of fish
Social behaviors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],How can this be of adaptive value? Belding ground squirrel I would lay  down my life for 2 brothers or 8 cousins !
Colonial mammals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],“ Picture a hot dog that's been left in a microwave a little too long…add some buck teeth at one end, and you've got a fairly good idea of what a Naked Mole Rat looks like.” convergent evolution : bees, ants, termites…  mole rats are also colonial  species
2008-2009 Any  Questions??

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Animal Behavior

Notas do Editor

  1. The sow bugs become more active in dry areas and less active in humid areas. Though sow bugs do not move toward or away from specific conditions, their increased movement under dry conditions increases the chance that they will leave a dry area and encounter a moist area. And since they slow down in a moist area, they tend to stay there once they encounter it. In contrast to a kinesis, a taxis is a more or less automatic, oriented movement toward (a positive taxis) or away from (a negative taxis) some stimulus. For example, many stream fish, such as trout, exhibit positive rheotaxis (from the Greek rheos, current); they automatically swim or orient themselves in an upstream direction (toward the current). This taxis keeps the fish from being swept away and keeps them facing the direction from which food will come.
  2. Bird migration, a behavior that is largely under genetic control. Each spring, migrating western sandpipers (Calidris mauri), such as those shown here, migrate from their wintering grounds, which may be as far south as Peru, to their breeding grounds in Alaska. In the autumn, they return to the wintering grounds.
  3. But how do the young know on whom—or what—to imprint? How do young geese know that they should follow the mother goose? The tendency to respond is innate in the birds; the outside world provides the imprinting stimulus, something to which the response will be directed. Experiments with many species of waterfowl indicate that they have no innate recognition of “mother.” They respond to and identify with the first object they encounter that has certain key characteristics. In classic experiments done in the 1930s, Konrad Lorenz showed that the most important imprinting stimulus in graylag geese is movement of an object away from the young. When incubator–hatched goslings spent their first few hours with Lorenz rather than with a goose, they imprinted on him, and from then on, they steadfastly followed him and showed no recognition of their biological mother or other adults of their own species. Again, there are both proximate and ultimate explanations
  4. View Waggle Dance AVI file: waggledance180x135.avi
  5. View Lifewire territoriality video: “ lizards cost of defending-lifewire.swf” Review setting up a behavior experiment: