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Expanding Opportunity for All: Responding to the Situatedness of Marginalized Populations   john a. powell Director, Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity Williams Chair in Civil Rights & Civil Liberties, Moritz College of Law Massachusetts Legal Assistance Corporation Symposium on Race April 14, 2009
Presentation Overview ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Race as a Dimension of Diversity Race is a social space
Social Space ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Racial Diversity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Valuing Diversity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A Post-Racial Society? (or Not?) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A Post-Racial Society?  No. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],By prematurely proclaiming a post-racial status, we ignore the distance we have yet to travel to make this country truly a land of equal opportunity for all, regardless of racial identity.
Understanding How People are Situated ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Contrasting Perspectives Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo (1997) Traditional Understanding {-} Structural Understanding {+} ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Structural Racialization   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Web of Opportunity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Opportunity is Racialized ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Lower Educational Outcomes Increased Flight of Affluent  Families Racial and Economic  Neighborhood  Segregation  School Segregation & Concentrated Poverty
Place and Life Outcomes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Fiscal Policies Housing Childcare Employment Education Health Transportation Effective  Participation
Opportunity Matters:  Neighborhoods & Access to Opportunity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What are the costs of opportunity isolation?   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Poverty and Race in the U.S. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Poverty Data Jargowsky, Paul A.  "Stunning Progress, Hidden Problems:  The Dramatic Decline of Concentrated Poverty in the 1990s."  Center on Urban and Metropolitan Policy.  The Brookings Institution.  May  2003. 
Source: Brown University & Lewis Mumford Center
The Spatialization of Poverty ,[object Object],[object Object]
Poverty Map:  Boston Metro Area African Americans in poverty and high poverty census tracts
Racialization of Poverty ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Source 1: David Rusk. Trends in School Segregation in Divided we Fail: Coming Together through Public School Choice. The Report of the Century Foundation Task Force on the Common School. 2002.
Is it getting better? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Fact Sheet from the Opportunity Agenda, Housing Neighborhoods and Opportunity.  http://www.opportunityagenda.org/site/c.mwL5KkN0LvH/b.1433711/k.B7BA/Housing_Fact_Sheet.htm
The Cumulative Impacts of Spatial, Racial and  Opportunity Segregation Neighborhood Segregation School Segregation Racial stigma, other psychological impacts Job segregation Impacts on community power and individual assets Impacts on Educational Achievement Exposure to crime; arrest Transportation limitations and other inequitable public services Adapted from figure by Barbara Reskin at:  http://faculty.washington.edu/reskin/ Segregation impacts a number of life-opportunities Impacts on Health
Barriers to Fair Housing: The Web of Housing Challenges Housing Challenges Subsidized Housing  Policies Discriminatory And Unfair Lending A Housing Market That Does Not Serve  the Population   Racial Steering And Discrimination Exclusionary  Zoning
Application of SR Model: Thompson v. HUD ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SR and the Law ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.eeoc.gov/policy/vii.html
Integration Into Opportunity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Communities of Opportunity Model   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Opening Pathways to Opportunity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Role of Housing Policy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Adapted from analysis of the 2000 HUD Picture of Subsidized Housing
Greater Boston Area Opportunity Map  with Subsidized Housing Overlay
The Intersection of Race and Class ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Intersection of Race and Class ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Intersectionality v. Intrasectionality ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Barad, Karen.  Meeting the Universe Halfway  (2007)
Intrasectionality ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Analyzing Policies and Perspectives Targeted Universalism Systems Theory
Uneven Effects of the Current Recession ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
This ratio was at a record high of 63.5% in 2000.  Once the 2001 recession and weak economic recovery hit, these gains were lost and have yet to be recovered. Austin, Algernon. “What a Recession Means for Black America.” EPI Issue Brief # 241.  18 Jan. 2008.
Learning From Our Mistakes? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
We Need A New Paradigm ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Group A Group B If the universal program affects those in red, Group B would seemingly benefit more than Group A.  Universal Program
Group A Group B The universal program affected everyone in red, but Group B is still constrained by the boxes. Universal Program
Targeted Universalism ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Targeted Universalism ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ex: Economic Stimulus Package ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Rogers, Christy. “Subprime Loans, Foreclosure, and the Credit Crisis – A Primer.”  Dec. 2008.
Seeing the Connections ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Visualizing Systems Theory
System Interactions Source: Barbara Reskin.  http://faculty.uwashington.edu/reskin/ We must pay attention to how people are situated by looking at multiple indicators and the relationships that exist between those indicators.
Structural Racialization & Systems Thinking ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Serving MLAC’s Clients ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The recently completed opportunity mapping project in Massachusetts highlights the unique challenges facing MLAC’s clients.  These maps provide the context for analyzing fair housing policies and a variety of other social issues.
People, Places, and Linkages
Why It Is Difficult to Talk About Race? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Talking About Race - (Don’t) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Talking About Race - (Do) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Perceiving Race ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Implicit Association Test http://thesituationist.wordpress.com/2007/08/19/
Implicit Bias ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A Transformative Dialogue Around  Our Linked Fate ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Inequality in educational opportunity Low-performing inner-city schools Reduced competitiveness in the global economy Negative economic consequences for ALL AMERICANS
A Transformative Dialogue:  Bring Everyone to the Table ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Client Relationships ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Encouraging Full Democratic Membership ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],*Quote from “Why Poverty Persists in Appalachia,” PBS interview with Cynthia Duncan (author of  Worlds Apart: Why Poverty Persists in Rural America) http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/countryboys/readings/duncan.html
Exclusion From Decision Making ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Margin & the Center ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What can Legal Services do? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Intervention Strategies for Building Opportunity Communities ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Section 5 Work Toward Transformative Change
Linked Fates…Transformative Change ,[object Object]
Questions or Comments?  For More Information, Visit Us On-Line: www.KirwanInstitute.org
Appendix White Privilege
Privilege ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Privilege and Institutional Arrangements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
White Privilege and the Organization of Structures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Recognizing White Privilege ,[object Object],[object Object]
Defining White Privilege ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A Few Manifestations of White Privilege ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
White Privilege and the Organization of Structures ,[object Object],[object Object]
Privilege and Institutions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Expanding Opportunity for All: Responding to the Situatedness of Marginalized Populations

  • 1. Expanding Opportunity for All: Responding to the Situatedness of Marginalized Populations john a. powell Director, Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity Williams Chair in Civil Rights & Civil Liberties, Moritz College of Law Massachusetts Legal Assistance Corporation Symposium on Race April 14, 2009
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  • 3. Race as a Dimension of Diversity Race is a social space
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  • 18. Poverty Data Jargowsky, Paul A.  "Stunning Progress, Hidden Problems:  The Dramatic Decline of Concentrated Poverty in the 1990s."  Center on Urban and Metropolitan Policy.  The Brookings Institution.  May 2003. 
  • 19. Source: Brown University & Lewis Mumford Center
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  • 21. Poverty Map: Boston Metro Area African Americans in poverty and high poverty census tracts
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  • 24. The Cumulative Impacts of Spatial, Racial and Opportunity Segregation Neighborhood Segregation School Segregation Racial stigma, other psychological impacts Job segregation Impacts on community power and individual assets Impacts on Educational Achievement Exposure to crime; arrest Transportation limitations and other inequitable public services Adapted from figure by Barbara Reskin at: http://faculty.washington.edu/reskin/ Segregation impacts a number of life-opportunities Impacts on Health
  • 25. Barriers to Fair Housing: The Web of Housing Challenges Housing Challenges Subsidized Housing Policies Discriminatory And Unfair Lending A Housing Market That Does Not Serve the Population Racial Steering And Discrimination Exclusionary Zoning
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  • 32. Adapted from analysis of the 2000 HUD Picture of Subsidized Housing
  • 33. Greater Boston Area Opportunity Map with Subsidized Housing Overlay
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  • 38. Analyzing Policies and Perspectives Targeted Universalism Systems Theory
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  • 40. This ratio was at a record high of 63.5% in 2000. Once the 2001 recession and weak economic recovery hit, these gains were lost and have yet to be recovered. Austin, Algernon. “What a Recession Means for Black America.” EPI Issue Brief # 241. 18 Jan. 2008.
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  • 43. Group A Group B If the universal program affects those in red, Group B would seemingly benefit more than Group A. Universal Program
  • 44. Group A Group B The universal program affected everyone in red, but Group B is still constrained by the boxes. Universal Program
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  • 50. System Interactions Source: Barbara Reskin. http://faculty.uwashington.edu/reskin/ We must pay attention to how people are situated by looking at multiple indicators and the relationships that exist between those indicators.
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  • 53. The recently completed opportunity mapping project in Massachusetts highlights the unique challenges facing MLAC’s clients. These maps provide the context for analyzing fair housing policies and a variety of other social issues.
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  • 59. Implicit Association Test http://thesituationist.wordpress.com/2007/08/19/
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  • 70. Questions or Comments? For More Information, Visit Us On-Line: www.KirwanInstitute.org
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