This document defines common photographic terms used to describe camera shots and lighting techniques: - A long shot shows a scene from a distance so people appear small, while an extreme long shot shows an even greater distance where people are barely visible dots. A close-up tightly frames a person or object. - Panning follows the movement of a scene from a character's viewpoint, while tracking moves back from a subject to provide context. - Artificial lighting comes from studio lamps or household lights. Fill light softens shadows, and back lighting makes a subject stand out against the background. - Depth of field prioritizes focus on one subject by blurring the background. A tripod or monopod holds

1. Photographic Terms

2. Long shot / Extreme long shot
A long shot is a view of a scene that is
shot from a considerable distance, so
that people appear as indistinct shapes.
An extreme long shot is a view from an
even greater distance, in which people
appear as small dots in the landscape if
at all.

3. Close up / Extreme close up
A close-up or close up in filmmaking,
television production, still photography
and the comic strip medium is a type of
shot, which tightly frames a person or
an object. Close-ups are one of the
standard shots used regularly with
medium shots and long shots.

4. Panning and Tracking
A panning shot is sometimes confused
with a tracking shot, and is a shot which
shows the scene from the specific point
of view of one of the characters. A
tracking shot or zoom that moves back
from the subject to reveal the context of
the scene.

5. Artificial lighting
Light from a man-made source, usually
restricted to studio photo lamp and
domestic lighting. When used to
describe film (also known as Type A or
Type B) invariably means these types of
lighting.

6. Depth of field
Depth of field is when the shot is
prioritizing one thing in the scene, and
is usually a character. It does this by
adding a blurred background, helping
the camera to focus on one entity.

7. Fill-in light
Additional light from a lamp, flash, or
reflector; used to soften or fill in the
shadows or dark picture areas caused
by the brighter main light. Called fill-in
flash when electronic flash is used.

8. Back lighting
Light coming from behind the subject,
toward the camera lens, so that the
subject stands out vividly against the
background. Sometimes produces a
silhouette effect.

9. Lighting ratio

10. Tripod / Monopod
A three-legged supporting stand used to
hold the camera steady. Especially
useful when using slow shutter speeds
and/or telephoto lenses. Another is the
monopod, a single legged tripod.