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Advanced Video Production with FOSS
          by Kirk Kimmel
WARNING:
●   The slides for this presentation are available
    online < kimmel.github.com > licensed under a
    Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-
    ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
●   This presentation is not the end all be all in this
    area. It is a “short” overview.
●   All comics and images are copyright their
    respective owners and are used solely for
    educational purposes.
How many people select a product:
Advanced Video Production with FOSS
Hear about the new product
Undignified race to the store
Spend money you do not have
Technology Nirvana
butterflys on the wind
New Product Envy
[Commonly mistaken for coolness.]
All is right in the world
suddenly
A new product is released
[The marketing machine at work]
Sudden on set Dissatisfaction
Still ain't got no money!
craigslist
Got a second job
Buy the new version
Addiction fed
Advanced Video Production with FOSS
a little while later
[Marketing Machine 2: The Return]
A new version is RELEASED!!1!
Advanced Video Production with FOSS
desolation
The Big, Big picture
●   Why video edit and produce the way being
    presented?
●   Some reasons are historical
●   Some reasons are practical
●   None are optimal.
Super fast Definitions
SMPTE
SMPTE timecode
EDL
Offline Editing
Online Editing
Rec 709
NLE
File Formats
●   EXR - OpenEXR
●   DPX - Digital Picture Exchange

●   mxf - Material eXchange Format
●   aaf - Advanced Authoring Format
●   VC-1, VC-2, DNxHD
The Macro Overview
●   Pre-Production
●   Production
●   Post Production


    This work flow has proven collaborative and
    platform / toolset benefits.
Pre-Production Encapsulates
●   planning
●   scouting
●   discussion, etc about props
●   costumes
●   concept art
●   etc...
Production
●   Filming the project
Post Production
●   Logging the daily footage
●   Offline - Editing, timing, storytelling, and fine-
    tuning your edits
●   Online - image quality, color correction,
    maintaining broadcast video specifications,
    special effects work, titles, audio levels, etc.
●   Mastering - Encode a master for the target
    medium (DVD, Blu-Ray, cell phone, internet)
and now a message from Scotty
How many times do I have to tell you, the right tool
           for the right job! - Star Trek V
Lets repeat
●   You need the correct tool for the job.
●   To select the correct tool you must first define
    what the job is.
The “Hollywood Tools”
●   Editing
      Avid Media Composer, Lightworks
●   Compositing, visual effects, color grading
      Nuke, Shake, Smoke, Houdini, Cinema 4D,
      Photoshop, Pro Tools, Maya, DaVinci
Advanced Video Production with FOSS
Advanced Video Production with FOSS
Advanced Video Production with FOSS
Advanced Video Production with FOSS
Advanced Video Production with FOSS
Lets take one of each
●   NLE - Media Composer by Avid - $2,295
●   Image Editor - Photoshop CS5 by Adobe - $699
●   Composite/Grading - Nuke by The Foundry -
    $4900
●   Audio Mixing - Pro Tools by Avid - $599
●   3d - Maya by Autodesk - $3,495


    Grand Total: $11,988
missing features
●   EDL / AAF support in the NLE and audio
    editors.
    EDL and AAF are both formal standards
    implemented by the hollywood tools for
    exchanging project information. Without this
    capability there is no way to plug into the
    existing tool chains.
●   Blender has EDL support through a python
    addon script that is not production ready.
missing features
●   time code support in the toolchain starting with
    ffmpeg
    Time code support is vital for EDL/AAF
    processing and is the existing standard for
    syncing audio and video.
●   deep painting. Painting on a large image (20k by
    20k for example) in real time with no lag.
●   Support for the Red Camera files. This is
    blocked by the North American EULA and the
    camera's proprietary format.
missing features
●   Asset management tasks
●   Having proxied copies locally and full resolution
    copies on a SAN, or a custom file server.
●   Revision control
●   EDL support
●   Metadata
●   Preview
How bad is it?
ideas
●   Art and design is far closer to the nebulous and
    slippery world of sociology and anthropology
    than "IT COMPILED! We're good to go."
●   YES it worked, NO it didn't versus an infinite
    complexity of grey tones. As art is open to
    interpretation and there is no correct answer or
    definitive take.
I am going to spell the word culture for the
                   audience.

                  c-U-l-t-U-r-e

Why aren't there any designers working with open
                    source?
There are many factors as to why designers are
scarce inside open source development groups.
My first hand experience of the open source
community includes a hostile environment where
users are rude and if you are not happy with a
product they claim it is your fault. Whether it be
on irc, mailing lists, forums or in person open
source developers have a tendency to be
arrogant, dismissive and mean spirited when it
comes to opinions that challenge their own.
Here is an example that people often misinterpret
            which leads to nerd rage.
Adobe Photoshop's History
●   Adobe is founded in 1982.
●   October 1988 - 0.63 released for Macintosh
●   November 1992 - 2.5 released for Macintosh
    with 16-bit per channel support.
Gimp
●   February 1996 - version 0.54 released
●   June 5 1998 - 1.0 released as stable.
●   Bug 74224 - Add support for 16 bits per
    channel was opened on 2002-03-11. Gimp still
    does not have full 16-bit color support across all
    operations yet.
    https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?
    id=74224
Gimp
●   Looking back through the mailing list archive
    16-bit support had been talked about numerous
    times before 2002. An email from 2000
    mentions the “Film Gimp” fork which already
    has deep image support.
    http://lists.xcf.berkeley.edu/lists/gimp-
    developer/2000-September/013258.html
Stop the presses
●   Gimp is not a panacea or a golden hammer.
●   Gimp has a development road map, a target
    audience for their application and people use it.
●   Gimp is not photoshop
●   Once again this is a right tool for the job
    solution.
●   There are other raster image editors out there
    in the open source world.
Cinepaint
●   Formerly known as “Film Gimp”, “Hollywood
    Gimp”
●   Development started in 1998 on Gimp 1.0.4
●   This fork was specifically created to add 16-bit
    per channel support.
●   Jon Cohen said it best in a 2002 email “filmgimp
    and gimp fulfill fundamentally different needs.
    The needs of high-end film production are quite
    different from the needs of web publishers...”
Krita
●   Formerly known as “KImageShop” and
    “Krayon”
●   Initially released on June 21, 2005.
●   Has 16-bit color support.
●   Has EXR support but not built in by default in
    most distributions and custom builds seem to
    have significant problems when attempting it by
    hand.
●   DPX support, I could not get it compiled in.
Making Post-Production on Linux Easier

                 ^_^
Compiling Krita is easy
●   On this forum thread there are 2 very active
    scripts for fetching and building krita from git.
●   http://forum.kde.org/viewtopic.php?
    f=139&t=92880&start=120
●   Script to Compile Krita & Karbon for You (page
    1)
●   krita from source (page 9)
Metadata
●   Lets see it now
●   mediainfo - http://mediainfo.sourceforge.net/en
●   What can I see now?
Blender from source
●   Works on Ubuntu 10.04 and OpenSUSE
    11.3/11.4
●   Handles blender, ffmpeg, x264 building and
    dependency installation.
●   https://github.com/kimmel/Blender-from-source
Proxying and syncing
●   ffmpeg (ffmpeg.org)
●   libav (libav.org)
●   FFMedia Broadcase
    ( code.google.com/p/ffmbc/ )
●   Get the frames as PNG files
●   Encoding speed ups
Disk I/O bottlenecks
●   Do not place the source material and the
    destination on the same physical drive
●   tmpfs for source or destination
●   Raid
●   SSD
●   Use work prints when possible
To Avid, etc...
●   ffmpeg or ffmbc
●   mxf file format
●   DNxHD bitrates are determined by video
    resolution and frame rate.
●   Blender EDL support (consider alpha) via
    Python script.
Lightworks
●
    Beta release for Linux on December 19 th 2011
●   Open Source code release Quarter 3, 2012
●   Based on the released technical specs
    Lightworks when released as open source will
    be more feature complete than any open
    source NLE currently in development.
Advanced Video Production with FOSS
Adjusting video speed
●   Speeding up a video is no problem.
●   Slowing video down is a far more complex
    process.
●   GREYC's Magic Image Converter (G'MIC)
●   http://gmic.sourceforge.net/
●   Calculates frame to frame motion allowing new
    frames to be generated.
Special Effects
●   G'MIC
●   ImageMagick
●   GraphicsMagick
●   Can be used in batch mode to create special
    effects, and do color correction.
Advanced Video Production with FOSS
The Linux Kernel
●   2.6.31 - PROT_EXEC page management now
    keeps running programs on top of the active
    memory pages instead of getting swapped to
    disk.
    Translation: up to 50% faster on computers with
    limited system memory available.
The Linux Kernel
●   2.6.38
●   Transparent huge page (THP) - Huge pages are used
    automatically where possible.
    Translation: Your system now runs up to 10% faster on almost
    all workloads with no configuration changes.
●   Automatic process grouping
    Translation: The kernel performs better under heavy load.
●   VFS scalability
    Translation: A speed up when accessing directories and files.
Questions?
References
●
    A Short Guide to Writing about Film 6th edition by Timothy J,
    Corrigan
●   Dictionary of Narratology by Gerald Prince
●   Final Cut Pro 6 User Manual
●   Avid Media Composer User Manual
●   Avid DNxHD Technology White Paper
●   https://lists.xcf.berkeley.edu/lists/gimp-developer/2002-
    December/007794.html
●   http://kernelnewbies.org/
●   https://lwn.net/Articles/423584/
●   The Linux Kernel Mailing List

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Advanced Video Production with FOSS

  • 1. Advanced Video Production with FOSS by Kirk Kimmel
  • 2. WARNING: ● The slides for this presentation are available online < kimmel.github.com > licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. ● This presentation is not the end all be all in this area. It is a “short” overview. ● All comics and images are copyright their respective owners and are used solely for educational purposes.
  • 3. How many people select a product:
  • 5. Hear about the new product
  • 7. Spend money you do not have
  • 10. New Product Envy [Commonly mistaken for coolness.]
  • 11. All is right in the world
  • 13. A new product is released [The marketing machine at work]
  • 14. Sudden on set Dissatisfaction
  • 15. Still ain't got no money!
  • 18. Buy the new version
  • 21. a little while later [Marketing Machine 2: The Return]
  • 22. A new version is RELEASED!!1!
  • 25. The Big, Big picture ● Why video edit and produce the way being presented? ● Some reasons are historical ● Some reasons are practical ● None are optimal.
  • 26. Super fast Definitions SMPTE SMPTE timecode EDL Offline Editing Online Editing Rec 709 NLE
  • 27. File Formats ● EXR - OpenEXR ● DPX - Digital Picture Exchange ● mxf - Material eXchange Format ● aaf - Advanced Authoring Format ● VC-1, VC-2, DNxHD
  • 28. The Macro Overview ● Pre-Production ● Production ● Post Production This work flow has proven collaborative and platform / toolset benefits.
  • 29. Pre-Production Encapsulates ● planning ● scouting ● discussion, etc about props ● costumes ● concept art ● etc...
  • 30. Production ● Filming the project
  • 31. Post Production ● Logging the daily footage ● Offline - Editing, timing, storytelling, and fine- tuning your edits ● Online - image quality, color correction, maintaining broadcast video specifications, special effects work, titles, audio levels, etc. ● Mastering - Encode a master for the target medium (DVD, Blu-Ray, cell phone, internet)
  • 32. and now a message from Scotty
  • 33. How many times do I have to tell you, the right tool for the right job! - Star Trek V
  • 34. Lets repeat ● You need the correct tool for the job. ● To select the correct tool you must first define what the job is.
  • 35. The “Hollywood Tools” ● Editing Avid Media Composer, Lightworks ● Compositing, visual effects, color grading Nuke, Shake, Smoke, Houdini, Cinema 4D, Photoshop, Pro Tools, Maya, DaVinci
  • 41. Lets take one of each ● NLE - Media Composer by Avid - $2,295 ● Image Editor - Photoshop CS5 by Adobe - $699 ● Composite/Grading - Nuke by The Foundry - $4900 ● Audio Mixing - Pro Tools by Avid - $599 ● 3d - Maya by Autodesk - $3,495 Grand Total: $11,988
  • 42. missing features ● EDL / AAF support in the NLE and audio editors. EDL and AAF are both formal standards implemented by the hollywood tools for exchanging project information. Without this capability there is no way to plug into the existing tool chains. ● Blender has EDL support through a python addon script that is not production ready.
  • 43. missing features ● time code support in the toolchain starting with ffmpeg Time code support is vital for EDL/AAF processing and is the existing standard for syncing audio and video. ● deep painting. Painting on a large image (20k by 20k for example) in real time with no lag. ● Support for the Red Camera files. This is blocked by the North American EULA and the camera's proprietary format.
  • 44. missing features ● Asset management tasks ● Having proxied copies locally and full resolution copies on a SAN, or a custom file server. ● Revision control ● EDL support ● Metadata ● Preview
  • 45. How bad is it?
  • 46. ideas ● Art and design is far closer to the nebulous and slippery world of sociology and anthropology than "IT COMPILED! We're good to go." ● YES it worked, NO it didn't versus an infinite complexity of grey tones. As art is open to interpretation and there is no correct answer or definitive take.
  • 47. I am going to spell the word culture for the audience. c-U-l-t-U-r-e Why aren't there any designers working with open source?
  • 48. There are many factors as to why designers are scarce inside open source development groups. My first hand experience of the open source community includes a hostile environment where users are rude and if you are not happy with a product they claim it is your fault. Whether it be on irc, mailing lists, forums or in person open source developers have a tendency to be arrogant, dismissive and mean spirited when it comes to opinions that challenge their own.
  • 49. Here is an example that people often misinterpret which leads to nerd rage.
  • 50. Adobe Photoshop's History ● Adobe is founded in 1982. ● October 1988 - 0.63 released for Macintosh ● November 1992 - 2.5 released for Macintosh with 16-bit per channel support.
  • 51. Gimp ● February 1996 - version 0.54 released ● June 5 1998 - 1.0 released as stable. ● Bug 74224 - Add support for 16 bits per channel was opened on 2002-03-11. Gimp still does not have full 16-bit color support across all operations yet. https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi? id=74224
  • 52. Gimp ● Looking back through the mailing list archive 16-bit support had been talked about numerous times before 2002. An email from 2000 mentions the “Film Gimp” fork which already has deep image support. http://lists.xcf.berkeley.edu/lists/gimp- developer/2000-September/013258.html
  • 53. Stop the presses ● Gimp is not a panacea or a golden hammer. ● Gimp has a development road map, a target audience for their application and people use it. ● Gimp is not photoshop ● Once again this is a right tool for the job solution. ● There are other raster image editors out there in the open source world.
  • 54. Cinepaint ● Formerly known as “Film Gimp”, “Hollywood Gimp” ● Development started in 1998 on Gimp 1.0.4 ● This fork was specifically created to add 16-bit per channel support. ● Jon Cohen said it best in a 2002 email “filmgimp and gimp fulfill fundamentally different needs. The needs of high-end film production are quite different from the needs of web publishers...”
  • 55. Krita ● Formerly known as “KImageShop” and “Krayon” ● Initially released on June 21, 2005. ● Has 16-bit color support. ● Has EXR support but not built in by default in most distributions and custom builds seem to have significant problems when attempting it by hand. ● DPX support, I could not get it compiled in.
  • 56. Making Post-Production on Linux Easier ^_^
  • 57. Compiling Krita is easy ● On this forum thread there are 2 very active scripts for fetching and building krita from git. ● http://forum.kde.org/viewtopic.php? f=139&t=92880&start=120 ● Script to Compile Krita & Karbon for You (page 1) ● krita from source (page 9)
  • 58. Metadata ● Lets see it now ● mediainfo - http://mediainfo.sourceforge.net/en ● What can I see now?
  • 59. Blender from source ● Works on Ubuntu 10.04 and OpenSUSE 11.3/11.4 ● Handles blender, ffmpeg, x264 building and dependency installation. ● https://github.com/kimmel/Blender-from-source
  • 60. Proxying and syncing ● ffmpeg (ffmpeg.org) ● libav (libav.org) ● FFMedia Broadcase ( code.google.com/p/ffmbc/ ) ● Get the frames as PNG files ● Encoding speed ups
  • 61. Disk I/O bottlenecks ● Do not place the source material and the destination on the same physical drive ● tmpfs for source or destination ● Raid ● SSD ● Use work prints when possible
  • 62. To Avid, etc... ● ffmpeg or ffmbc ● mxf file format ● DNxHD bitrates are determined by video resolution and frame rate. ● Blender EDL support (consider alpha) via Python script.
  • 63. Lightworks ● Beta release for Linux on December 19 th 2011 ● Open Source code release Quarter 3, 2012 ● Based on the released technical specs Lightworks when released as open source will be more feature complete than any open source NLE currently in development.
  • 65. Adjusting video speed ● Speeding up a video is no problem. ● Slowing video down is a far more complex process. ● GREYC's Magic Image Converter (G'MIC) ● http://gmic.sourceforge.net/ ● Calculates frame to frame motion allowing new frames to be generated.
  • 66. Special Effects ● G'MIC ● ImageMagick ● GraphicsMagick ● Can be used in batch mode to create special effects, and do color correction.
  • 68. The Linux Kernel ● 2.6.31 - PROT_EXEC page management now keeps running programs on top of the active memory pages instead of getting swapped to disk. Translation: up to 50% faster on computers with limited system memory available.
  • 69. The Linux Kernel ● 2.6.38 ● Transparent huge page (THP) - Huge pages are used automatically where possible. Translation: Your system now runs up to 10% faster on almost all workloads with no configuration changes. ● Automatic process grouping Translation: The kernel performs better under heavy load. ● VFS scalability Translation: A speed up when accessing directories and files.
  • 71. References ● A Short Guide to Writing about Film 6th edition by Timothy J, Corrigan ● Dictionary of Narratology by Gerald Prince ● Final Cut Pro 6 User Manual ● Avid Media Composer User Manual ● Avid DNxHD Technology White Paper ● https://lists.xcf.berkeley.edu/lists/gimp-developer/2002- December/007794.html ● http://kernelnewbies.org/ ● https://lwn.net/Articles/423584/ ● The Linux Kernel Mailing List

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