1. DERMATOLOGY
1. Below is true regarding skin lesions terminology
A. macule is a flat lesion < 0.5 mm with colour changes
B. vesicle is large blister > 0.5 mm consisting of clear fluid
C. erythema is defined as redness of the skin due to vascular dilatation
D. lichenification is superficial abrasion often linear due to scratching
E. scale is an accumulation of thickened horny layer keratin in the form of readily detached
fragments
2. All are true regarding side effect of topical steroids on the skin
A. atrophy of the skin
B. easy bruising
C. allergic contact dermatitis
D. moon face
E. growth retardation
3. All are true regarding psoriasis
A. can be inherited
B. peak age are in 2nd and 6th decades
C. nail involvement is common which are pitting and onycholysis
D. most common site is on flexors areas
E. methotrexate can be used in severe condition
4. Investigation of the contact dermatitis includes
A. photo test
B. patch test
C. prick test
D. tuberculin test
5. Patient education for contact dermatitis patient are
A. avoid shampoo, solvents and hair lotions
B. wear gloves when to wash dishes or dusty work
C. put on moisturizers to avoid dryness
D. use any lotion or ointments
6. Causes of non scarring hair loss/alopecia
A. alopecia areata
B. lupus erythematosus
C. cytotoxic drugs induced
D. hypothyroidism
E. trauma
7. Causes of hypopigmentation
A. albinism
B. post inflammatory i.e. psoriasis and eczema
C. pityriasis versicolor
D. leprosy

2. E. vitiligo
8. Among drugs can caused drug eruption are
A. ACE inhibitors
B. Beta blockers
C. Sulphonamides
D. Aspirin
9. Regarding scabies, all are true except
A. Caused by Sarcoptes scabie
B. Most common in children and young adult
C. All close contact should be treated at the same time only if they are
symptomatic
D. Treated with EBB in all age group ex cept in children less than 1 year old
E. Common sites are between web toes, umbilicus and axillae
10. This statement are true about patch test except
A. Is a test to identify the agent of the dermatitis
B. It will take 3 to 5 days
C. Patient should stop taking piriton and prednisolone only
D. Complication of the test are irritation and anaphylactoid reaction
E. Patient can continue their daily activities include strenuous activities
11. Psoriasis
A. Is infectious
B. Nothing to do with foods
C. Can be worse by antihypertensive drugs and antipsychiatry drugs
D. Can be treated with ultraviolet therapy
E. It can affect sexual activity
12. It is true regarding acne vulgaris
A. Is a self limited disease affect primarily teenagers and young people
B. Hallmark is comedone
C. It can be whitehead or blackhead
D. Common site is at the back
E. Topical agents can be use are benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid and
retinoid acid

3. All are true regarding psoriasis
A) This is quite straightforward. In most sufferers, the tendency to get psoriasis is inherited. It is
not passed on in a simple, direct way like hair color, but involves multiple genes. For this reason,
it is not always clear from whom one inherited it. Inherited psoriasis usually starts in older
childhood or as a young adult. Sometimes, especially in children, a virus or strep throat triggers
brief attacks of tiny spots of psoriasis. Tapi die boleh jugak non-inherited. So xsemestinya die
inherited.
There may be a family history—if one parent has psoriasis. 16% of the children will have it, if
both parents, the figure is 50%.
Maka, A- true
Additional info on psoriasis.
Psoriasis is an inflammatory disorder of the skin in which activation of T lymphocytes results in
release of cytokines that leads to proliferation of keratinocytes. In normal skin, the cells of the
epidermis are regenerated every 28 days, while in psoriatic skin epidermis is regenerated every
two to four days.
http://www.aad.org, http://www.aocd.org, buku ABC of dermatology page 9
B) This disorder may affect people of any age, though most commonly begins between ages 15 and
40. About 10% develop psoriasis during childhood; it can begin in infancy too. The earlier the
psoriasis appears, the more likely it is to be widespread and recurrent.
B- false
http://psoriasis-cure.info
C) True.
Nail changes dlm psoriasis sgt laa common. Contohnya, yellow discoloration, thickening, surface
pitting, and lifting of the nail plate off of the distal nail bed (onycholysis).
www.aad.org
D) False

4. ABC of dermatology, page 9
E) True
Oral retinoids, cyclosporine, and methotrexate have also been used for treatment of severe
generalized psoriasis, erythrodermic psoriasis, and pustular psoriasis
www.aad.org
info on psoriasis treatment
Mild or limited psoriasis can be treated with topical therapy, including topical corticosteroids,
tars, anthralin, calcipotriene (a vitamin D3 analog), or tazarotene (a retinoid). In more
generalized cases phototherapy with ultraviolet B iseffective.
Sun exposure can also be helpful. Treatment with oral psoralens plus ultraviolet A exposure,
called PUVA, is effective in most patients, but has been associated with an increased risk of skin
cancers after many treatments over several years. Recently, narrowband UVB has been
introduced for the treatment of psoriasis
Three agents that block TNFa have also been used to treat psoriasis. Etanercept, a fusion protein
directed against soluble TNFa , has been approved for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis and is
also effective for psoriasis of the skin. Infliximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody against
soluble and cell bound TNFa , is dramatically effective against psoriasis. Adlimumab, a human
monoclonal antibody to TNFa , has begun trials for psoriasis and initial results are promising.
13. Investigation of the contact dermatitis includes
A. T – photodermatitis is a typr of contact dermatitis
B. T- untuk mengetahui apakah allergen or irritant penyebab

5. C. F- kerana ia utk test hypersensitivity 1 iaitu utk igE. Contact dermatitis adlh hypersensitivity type
4.
D. F- kerna ia adlh untuk sahkan TB.
14. Patient education for contact dermatitis patient are
Semua soalan2 ni straight forward,tak perlu di ulas lanjut taw.
a) TRUE
Patients are advised to avoid contact with allergen and it cross reactants that irritate the skin
(Ref: Dermatology.pdf USMLE Review Notes)
b) TRUE
For irritant contact dermatitis, patients are advised to wear cotton gloves under rubber gloves
for all wet work
(Ref: Dermatology.pdf USMLE Review Notes)
c) TRUE
This statement is quite confusing. However, this is my answer and reasoning.
Allergy type of contact dermatitis can cause symptom of intermittent dry, scaly patches of skin
and irritant type of contact dermatitis can cause dry, cracking skin. Thus, it is advisable for
patients to put on moisturizers to avoid dryness. Use hand creams and lotions frequently.
(Ref:http://my.clevelandclinic.org/disorders/dermatitis_contact/hic_contact_dermatitis.aspx)
d) TRUE
Same as C.
15. Causes of non scarring hair loss/alopecia
A) T – alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease. It is a localized alopecia with normal skin on the
scalp, eyebrows, beard or elsewhere. The pathognomonic feature is ‘exclamation mark hairs’ (short
hairs which taper towards their bases.)
From lecture notes on dermatology page 116
B) F- lupus erythematous will present as scarring alopecia with erythema, scaling and follicular
changes
From dermatology illustrated colour text page 63
C) T- drug induced alopecia will present as diffuse non scarring alopecia. Examples of drug induced
are cytotoxic (esp cyclophosphamide), heparin, warfarin, carbimazole, colchicine and vitamin A.
From dermatology illustrated colour text page 62
D) T- endocrine disorder will cause diffuse non scarring alopecia. Androgen-secreting tumours in
women produce male-pattern baldness with virilization. Malnutrition induces dry brittle hair that
becomes pale or red in kwashiorkor (protein deficiency).
From dermatology illustrated colour text page 62
E) T- in case of trauma, there will be constantly rubbing or pulling the hair. This will result in loss of
hair. However, the surrounding skin is normal.
From dermatology illustrated colour text page 62
16. Causes of hypopigmentation
F. Albinism

6. Ans = True
Reference = harrison’s volume I, page 324-325 table 54-9
Example in oculocutaneous albinism (OCA)
G. post inflammatory i.e. psoriasis and eczema
Ans = True
Reference = Harrison 325 table 54-9 & page 326 table 54-10
In inflammatory process, edema present. Edema can block the transfer of melanin from
melanocyte to keratinocytes.
H. pityriasis versicolor
Ans = True
Reference = Harrison page 326 table 54-10 & page 318
Can present with hypopigmentation on dark skin
Can present with hyperpigmentation on light skin
I. leprosy
Ans =True
Reference = Harrison volume I page 1022 & figure 159-2 page 1023
Skin lesion in tuberculoid leprosy – hypopigmented macules/plaque
J. vitiligo
Ans = True
Reference = Harrison volume I, table 54-10 page 326
In vitiligo – there is destruction of melanocytes due to autoimmune. That’s can lead to
hypopigmentation.
Because in vitiligo- there is absence of melanocyte – colour of the skin become “chalk-white”
17. Among drugs can caused drug eruption are
A. TRUE - “ACEI can cause pemphigus.” -Kumar & Clark pg.1359-
B. TRUE - “Several drugs have been implicated in psoriasiform drug eruptions. Beta-blockers
have been a frequently reported cause ”
-http://dermatology.cdlib.org/93/case_reports/metformin/koca.html
C. TRUE - “Sulphonamides cause a variety of skin eruption including TEN, SJS n
etc.” -Kumar & Clark pg.37-
D. TRUE - “Aspirin can cause urticaria.” -Kumar & Clark pg.1359-
18. Regarding scabies, all are true except
A) F
B) F – risk factors are young age, presence of many children in household, illiteracy, low family
income, poor housing, sharing clothes and towels. (emedicine.medscape.com. Scabies epidemiology)
C) T - Treatment is recommended for members of the same household as the person with scabies,
particularly those persons who have had prolonged skin-to-skin contact with the infested person. All
persons should be treated at the same time to prevent reinfestation. Kat sini xcakap if is symptomatic.
http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/scabies/gen_info/faqs.html

7. D) T – in children, EBB should be diluted to 10%, In infants over 2 months, use EBB mixed with three
parts of water (http://www.drugs.com/cons/benzyl-benzoate-topical.html)
E) F – sites:fingers,wrist,nipples, abdomen,axillae,cubitus,web spaces, sides of palm,groin,buttocks.
(ABC of dermatology, MCCQE 2002 review notes. –infections)
19. This statement are true about patch test except
A. TRUE
B. FALSE: usually 48hours
C. FALSE: Ntah le...the patient should stop taking any oral or topical, IV cortisone ..bukan nye
Piriton and prednisolone ONLY as ABOVE
D. XSURE: irritation tu yelah..tapi yang anaphylactoid tu unsure..sorry sgt2…
E. FALSE: it should be adhere to the skin…avoid sweating a lot
20. Psoriasis
A. F: The condition cannot be spread to others, it is not infectious disease.
(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001470/, 24.4.11, 7.43pm)
B. T: In term of etiology, there is strong genetic component involve in psoriasis. Food involvements
mainly cause dermatitis or eczema which require skin patch test to confirm the allergen.
(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001470/, 24.4.11, 7.43 pm, Lecture Note on
Dermatology by Robin and Tony, 8th Edition, pg 67)
C. F: Benda yg trigger psoriatic attack:
a. Bacteria or viral infections, including strep throat and upper respiratory infections
b. Dry air or dry skin
c. Injury to the skin, including cuts, burns, and insect bites
d. Some medicines, including antimalaria drugs, beta-blockers, and lithium
e. Stress
f. Too little sunlight
g. Too much sunlight (sunburn)
h. Too much alcohol
(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001470/, 24.4.11, 7.43pm)
D. T: Treatment for psoriasis:
a. Topical Emollient, Salicylic acid, TAR, Topical steroids, Dithranol (anthralin), Vit D & A
analogues, UV radiation
b. Systemic PUVA (psoralen + ultraviolet A), retinoids, cytotoxic drugs (methothrexate),
systemic steroids and cyclosporine
(Lecture Note on Dermatology by Robin and Tony, 8th Edition, pg 73)
E. T: because of itchiness it can affect sexual activity but in term the sexual function it is normal.
21. It is true regarding acne vulgaris
Sebelum menjawab mari kita lihat apa itu acne..from ABC of dermatology punye buku

8. Acne lesions develop from the sebaceous glands associated with hair follicles—on the face, external
auditory meatus, back,chest, and anogenital area. (Sebaceous glands are also found on the eyelids and
mucosa, prepuce and cervix, where they are not associated with hair follicles.) The sebaceous gland
contains holocrine cells that secrete triglycerides, fatty acids, wax, esters, and sterols as “sebum”. The
main changes in acne are:(1) an increase in sebum secretion;(2) thickening of the keratin lining of the
sebaceous duct, to produce blackheads or comedones—the colour of blackheads is due to melanin, not
dirt;(3)an increase in Propionibacterium acnes bacteria in the duct;(4) an increase in free fatty acids;(5)
inflammation around the sebaceous gland, probably as a result of the release of bacterial enzymes.
A) True
B) True
Acne vulgaris is a self-limited disorder of the skin, commonly occurring during puberty and affecting
primarily the face, chest, and back, in which the formation of small cysts, called comedones, is
accompanied by varying degrees of inflammation.
http://www.harrisonspractice.com
C) True
Comedone can be whiteheads or blackheads

9. www.aad.org
D) True – kat atas banyak dah info
E) True – ABC of Dermatology
Additional info
Oral treatment. The mainstay of treatment is oxytetracycline, which should be given for a week at 1 g
daily then 500 mg (250 mg twice daily) on an empty stomach. Minocycline, ordoxycycline are
alternatives that can be taken with food. Erythromycinis an alternativetotetracycline, and co-
trimoxazole can be usedfor Gram negative folliculitis. Tetracycline might theoretically interfere with the
absorption of progesterone types of birth control pill and should not be given in pregnancy.
Topicalantibiotics. Erythromycin, the tetracyclines, andclindamycin have been used topically. There is
the risk of producing colonies of resistant organisms.
Antiandrogens. Cyproterone acetate combined withethinyl oestradiol is effective in some women; it is
also a contraceptive.
Synthetic retinoids. For severe cases resistant to other treatments these drugs, which can be prescribed
only in hospital, are very effective and clear most cases in a few months. 13-cis-Retinoic acid
(isotretinoin) is usually used for acne. They are teratogenic, so there must be no question of pregnancy,
and can cause liver changes with raised serum lipid values. Regular blood tests are therefore essential. A
three month course of treatment usually gives a long remission. Recently topical isotretinoin gel has
been introduced. (ABC of dermatology)