3. Current Social Problems:
- Drug addiction/ dependence
- Alcoholism
- Sexually Transmitted Disease
- vagrancy
- Juvenile Delinquency
- prostitution
3
4. • Social Health Problems:
A disease may be termed as social
problem and its social relevance become
quite high when following happens:
- When it has got predominant behavioral
component in its causation
- When its widespread over large
geographic area and affects many( î
incidence, î prevalence)
4
5. • Social Health Prob Cont.
- It is severe & mortality is very high
- Leads to permanent disability &
crippling
- Leads to discrimination & ostracism
- When it disrupts trade, affects the
economy of nation
- Primarily economically productive
population is affected
5
6. • Social Health Prob. Cont.
- Growth & development of young
children is affected
- When treatment is out of reach for
many
- When the disease is incurable
6
7. Social Problems & their behavioral component
Social Problems Behavioral Component
Population Explosion High fertility, Early marriage,
Non-acceptance of contraceptive
Adverse sex-ratio or falling child
sex ratio
Female feticide, Infanticide,
Gender bias
Smoking & tobacco & alcohol
abuse
Habit of smoking in the family or
peer group, social acceptability,
seen as a social status
Accidents & suicides Rash driving, disobeying traffic
rules, driving under influence of
alcohol, drugs or stress
7
8. Social Problems & their behavioral component, contd.
HIV AIDS & STDs Pre & extra-marital sex,
unprotected sex with multiple
sexual partners
Mental Disorder & Behavioral
Problem in Children
Broken families, Problem
families, adjustment disorder,
inability to cope with stress
Insanitary Environment Open field defecation, non-
acceptance of latrine, poor
personal hygiene
Leprosy & Tuberculosis Social stigma, fear of loosing
job, low or non-utilization of
treatment facilities, fatalistic
attitudes
8
9. • Prostitution:
- Urban social problem
- Age old social evil
Causes:
- Changes in environment
- Breakdown of inter family relations
- Parental discord
- Lack of affection
9
10. - Illegitimacy
- Easy access to money & wealth
- Low I.Q.
- Low morale
- Poverty
• GOI passed “The suppression of immoral
traffic Act in women & girls”≠bans it in
commercialized organized form
• Amended & Ratified on 1986 as “Immoral
Traffic (Prevention)Act”
10
11. • Delinquency:
- „Delinquent‟: one showing
deviation from normal behavior &
has committed an offence
- Theft, sexual assault, murder,
burglary
- Great social problem
11
12. • Causes of delinquency:
- Social mal-adjustment
- Poverty
- Disturbed home
- Drug addiction
- Alcoholism
- Adoption of modern life styles
12
13. • “The children act, 1960” – prevention
& control of JD
- Provides specialized approach
towards care, protection,
maintenance, training, rehabilitation:
of delinquent children
- Institution: Juvenile/Children‟s
court, Child Welfare Board, Remand
Homes, Certified Schools, After-
care facilities
13
14. • Dowry System:
- Innocent Custom Social Evil
• Control through: “ Dowry
Prohibition (Amendment) Act, 1986
- Min. Punishment for taking/
abetting dowry: 5 yrs or rigorous
imprisonment & a fine of
Rs.15,000/
- Well sustained effort needed to
root out such evils
14
15. • Drug Addiction:
- State of periodic/chronic
intoxication detrimental to the
individual & society
- produced by repeated intake of
habit-forming drugs
15
16. • Precipitating Factors:
- Curiosity & natural tendency to
experiment with drugs
- Disturbed domestic environment:
broken home, lack of communication
between parents & children,
- Escapism from tensions & frustrations
- Adoption of western life styles
- Punks)
- Ignorance about ill effects of drugs
16
17. • Drug addict:
a) Psychosocial dependence:
overpowering desire to take the
drug & obtain it by any means
b) Physical dependence: if withdrawn,
patient develops withdrawal
symptom: irrational & violent
behavior, nausea, diarrhea, watering
of eye & nose
c) Development of tolerance: tendency
to increase the dose
17
18. • Management:
a) Identification of drug addicts & their
motivation for drug detoxification
b) Detoxification following hospitalization
c) Post-detoxification: counselling &
follow-up :clinics,home visit
• Simultaneous Changes in environment:
home,school, college
• Psychotherapy
18
19. • Preventive measures:
- Education of target groups through:
o Television
o Radio
o Leaflets
o Posters
Creation of mass awareness
“Narcotic Drugs & Psychotropic
Substance Act” 1985
19
20. • Alcohol Abuse:
- world-wide social& medical
problem
- Rapid socio-economic & cultural
changes alcohol seen as
symbol of prestige & social
status
- î in consumption & frequency
20
21. • Consequences:
- Crime
- Murder
- Prostitution
- Malnutrition
- Neglect of family life
- Unemployment
- î debt
- Delinquency
- RTA
- Cirrhosis, alcoholic psychosis, alcohol dependency
21
22. • Prevention:
- Timely identification of risk factors
- Wide ranging public
education, dialogue & investigation of
public attitude
- Social welfare
- Improved health services
22
23. • Unmarried Mothers:
- strict social custom
- Unfavorable tradition
- Insignificant problem in India
• Special Needs:
- MTP
- Health risks
- Medical guidance
- counseling
23
24. • Handicapped:
- Categories :Dec. 2002,
Categories Approx.
No.(million)
The blind 2
The hearing disabled 3
The orthopedically handicapped 10.6
The leprosy affected 0.4
The mentally retarded 0.9
The mental illness 1.1
The speech disability 2.1
24
25. • State assumes the responsibility &
rehabilitates
• Services avauilable in India:
- Medical care
- Education for the deaf, blind,
orthopedically challenged
- Vocational training
- Job placement
- Workshops
- allowances
25
