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1. Linguistics Definition linguistics is the scientific study of language or the study of human language. 2. What linguistics is not Linguistics is not about learning as many languages as you can; there are many linguists who can only speak one or two languages. There isn't a requirement to learn multiple languages. Now that’s out of the way, let’s reply to the question of “What is Linguistics?” 3. what is linguistics? Linguistics aims to understand how the language faculty of the mind works and to describe how language itself works. Linguists observe patterns within a language and across languages to try to understand what principles drive our brains’ comprehension and production of language. 4. Language System A language-system is a social Phenomenon, or institution, which is abstract in that it has no physical existence, but which is actualized on particular occasions in the language-behavior of individual members of the language-community. 5. Linguistics Fields Linguistics spans a large number of subfields, each dealing with a different part of the language faculty. Phonetics: the study of the acoustics and sounds of languages. Phonology: the study of sound systems and how they pattern. Syntax: the study of sentence structure. Semantics: the study of meaning and formalizing it into a logical form. 5. Psycholinguistics: the study of how language manifests in the brain. Psycholinguists carry out experiments to observe the reaction of the brain’s different areas to different stimuli, and they’ll try to relate the findings to the more abstract linguistic theories. 6. Sociolinguistics: the study of the complex relationship between language and society. Sociolinguists might look at attitudes toward different linguistic features and its relation to class, race, sex, etc. 7. Computational linguistics - the study of applying computer science to linguistics. Computational linguists might use programming to model linguistic structure or change or for practical applications. 8. Historical linguistics: the study of how languages change across time Historical linguists may work in language specific areas, carrying out what is called reconstruction. 9. Applied linguistics: the study of applying linguistics to real-life situations. An applied linguistic will likely work in fields such as such as language education, translation, or language policy 10. Macrolinguistics: concerned with everything that pertains in any way at all to language and languages. 11. Pragmatics: is the study of the speaker meaning (i.e. what the speaker intends to say). It is considered as the “wastebasket”, which means everything that you cannot be understood classified within pragmatics. 7. Design Features of Human Language Arbitrariness: there is often a recognizable link between the actual signs and the message an animals wishes to convey. In human language, the reverse is true. In the great majority of cases, there is no link between the signal and the message.
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Linguistic competence and performance group5
1.
Linguistic competence and
performance By 王哲君 李萍 黄丽茵 程粉香 Class 0207
2.
What are linguistic
competence and performance?
3.
4.
5.
Five minutes later…
VERY VERY VERY VERY VERY
6.
7.
8.
when the baby
see an apple...
9.
The apple looks
lovely… It must be delicious… I want to eat it… Apple want!!
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
语言能力 语言以外的因素 语言运用机制
语义 句法 语音 大脑机制 语言使用 产生 理解
19.
The end ^_^
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