Mais conteúdo relacionado
Ipv6 trien khai
- 1. P WVŸY†QxWKDPNKzRNKLWULŽQNKDL
P}QJLSY
,3YOPWJLDRWK»F,QWHUQHWP±L~}²FWKL›WN›QK„P~‚S»QJF‚FzXFŽX
Y˜SK‚WWUL™QF‚FG£FKY·P±LYP¯UQJNK{QJJLDQ~£DFKžWUzQPƒQJ
,QWHUQHW~©QJWK®LNK‡FSK·FQKºQJKƒQFK›NK‚FF´D,3YKLœQQDNK{QJ
K«WU²W¢QKP¯F´DJLDRWK»FG£FKY·4R6F‚FFK»FQxQJE€RP’W7X
QKLzQJLDRWK»F,3YY,3YNK{QJWK’WV¼W}|QJWK¢FKY±LQKDX0W
NK‚FKœWK¬QJ,3Y~ÅSK‚WWUL™QPƒQKP•YKLœQQD~ÅKQKWKQKPW
PƒQJ,QWHUQHWWRQFŽXF§TXLP{K›WV»FUQJO±QF€Y˜NL›QWU¶FPƒQJY
G£FKY·WUzQPƒQJ'RY’WURQJPWW}|QJODLJŽQNK{QJWK™FKX™Q~ªL
PƒQJWRQEKœWK¬QJPƒQJ,3YKLœQQDVDQJPƒQJ,3Yw™WUL™QNKDL
PƒQJ,3YKLœXTX€YWKL›WWK¼FF‚FQKWKL›WN›,3Y~Å~}DUDF‚FJL€L
SK‚SVDX
• ;yG¼QJF‚FF|FK›FKX™Q~ªLFKRSK–SN›WQ¬LF‚FKRVWURXWHU,3YWUzQ
Q˜QF|V¯KƒWŽQJF´DPƒQJ,3YKLœQQD
• 6RQJVRQJOWUL™QNKDLN›WQ¬LF‚FPƒQJ,3YOƒLY±LQKDXKQKWKQKPW
PƒQJ,3YWRQFŽXN›WQ¬LYRPƒQJWK¹QJKLœP%RQH
- 2. 9Y’WURQJSKŽQQV•WUQKEY˜KRƒW~QJF´DF‚FF|FK›FKX™Q~ªL
QYF‚FzXFŽX~™WK¼FKLœQF‚FN›WQ¬LW±L%RQHw©QJWK®L~}DUDF‚F
JL€LSK‚SWUL™QNKDLPƒQJ,3YWURQJWK¼FW›KLœQQDF´D9LœW1DP
,7ULµQNKDLP›QJ,3YWUŒQQ´Q,3Y
‰FY›Q£FKXQJ
0¨Fv“FK
7K‚FKWK»FP,3YSK€L~¬LPWONK€QxQJFKX™Q~ªLWU¨QY—QF‚FJ§L
WLQ,3YW¸~£QKGƒQJWKHRJLDRWK»F,3YVDQJ,3Y~™W¸~§F§WK™Y’Q
FKX™QWUzQQ˜QKƒWŽQJOPƒQJ,3YYKŽXK›WF‚FWKL›WE£N›WQ¬LPƒQJ
,QWHUQHWKLœQQD~˜X~}²FWKL›WN›FKR,3Y
w™WK¼FKLœQzXFŽXQTX‚WUQKWUL™QNKDL,3YSK€L~€PE€RW¢QKOLQK
~QJPWF‚FKW¬L~DQK}QJ~L˜XQOƒLPyXWKXQY±LTXLP{UQJO±Q
F´DPƒQJ,QWHUQHW'RY’~yFµQJF§WK™FRLOPW~L™PFK¢QKWURQJ
TX‚WUQKWKL›WN›W,3Y~€PE€RV¼WKQKF{QJF´DPƒQJ,3Y.K{QJ~€P
E€R~}²FzXFŽXWUzQV•NK{QJF§V¼WKQKF{QJF´DPƒQJ,3Y9¢G·
WU}±F~y~ÅF§PWYLJLDRWK»F~}²FWKL›WN›~™WK¹WKDWK›73,3QK}
;73QK}QJ~ÅNK{QJWK™WKQKF{QJOGRNK{QJF§NK€QxQJFKƒVRQJ
VRQJGXDOVWDFN
- 4. WKX›WSK·FQJ}®LG³QJE¥PƒQJ,3YKLœQQD~™[yG¼QJPƒQJ,3YGR
Y’FŽQSK€L~€PE€RW¢QKW}|QJWK¢FKWUzQF|V¯F‚FFK»FQxQJF´D,3Y
WURQJTX‚WUQKFKX™Q~ªLVDQJ,3Y
w™WUL™QNKDLPƒQJ,3YF§F‚FSK}|QJWK»FGLšQUD~©QJWK®LO[yG¼QJ
PƒQJ,3YWUzQQ˜QKƒWŽQJOPƒQJ,3YKLœQQDVDX~§WKDWK™GŽQ
PƒQJ,3YKLœQQD
0·F~¢FKF´DF‚FF|FK›FKX™Q~ªLO~€PE€RPWV¬FK»FQxQJFK¢QK
QK}VDX
• w€PE€RWK¼FKLœQF‚F~FW¢QK}XYLœWF´DPƒQJ,3YVRY±LPƒQJ,3Y
• 7’QG·QJKƒWŽQJV†QF§F´DPƒQJ,3YWURQJJLDL~RƒQFKX™QWL›SVDQJ
PWPƒQJWKXŽQ,3Y
• 7xQJF}®QJNK€QxQJQyQJF‘SYWUL™QNKDL9LœFFKX™Q~ªL~¬LY±LF‚F
KRVWURXWHUNK{QJE£SK·WKXFYRQKDX
• 7¬LWKL›XKR‚V¼SK·WKXFWURQJF‚FTX‚WUQKQyQJF‘S0WWURQJQKºQJ
~L˜XNLœQE‡WEXF~™QyQJF‘SKRVWW±L,3YOKœWK¬QJ'16VHUYHUSK€L
~}²FQyQJF‘S~ŽXWLzQE¯L'16OG£FKY·K«WU²YLœFWPNL™P~£DFKž
SK·FY·FKRF‚F»QJG·QJNK‚F‚FKWK»FFL~WYF‘XKQK'16VHUYHU
K«WU²,3YV•~}²FWUQKEWURQJSKŽQWK¹QJKLœP‚F~L˜XNLœQ~¬LY±L
F‚FURXWHUQK}K«WU²F‚FJLDRWK»F~£QKWX˜Q%*3K«WU²,3YFK}D
SK€LOE‡WEXF
• *‚QYF‘SSK‚WF‚FORƒL~£DFKžWKX’QWLœQ.KLF‚FKœWK¬QJ,3Y~}²FFL
~W~}²FJ‚QF‚F~£DFKž,3YPWNK‚F~£DFKž,3YOPWW’SFRQF´D~£D
FKž,3YGRY’F§WK™WL›SW·FV¹G·QJY±LF‚F~£DFKž,3YV†QF§Kž
J‚QF‚F~£DFKž,3YWK’WV¼FŽQWKL›WFKRF‚FN›WQ¬LW±L%RQHYWXyQ
WKHRF‚FN›KRƒFKSKyQEª~£DFKžF´DWªFK»F~§
• *L‚WKQKNK¯L~L™PWK‘S9NK{QJFŽQFKXQE£FŽQWKL›W~™QyQJF‘SF‚F
KœWK¬QJW¸,3YVDQJ,3YNKLWUL™QNKDLPWKœWK¬QJ,3YP±L|FK›
Q~}²FWK¼FKLœQKRQWRQWUzQQ˜Q,3Y~ÅF§
|FK›FKX™Q~ªLF´D,3YOF§WK™N›WK²SF‚FWUƒP,3YF³QJOPYLœF
Y±LF‚FWUƒP,3Y¯E‘WN½Q|LQRWUzQ,QWHUQHWFKR~›QNKL~£DFKž,3Y
NK{QJF¤QW©QWƒLYFKRSK–SF‚FWUƒP,3YY,3YWURQJPWNK{QJJLDQ
JL±LKƒQ~™F³QJOPYLœFVDX~§‚FF|FK›QE€R~€PNKR€Q~ŽXW}WR
O±QF´DQJ}®LG³QJWURQJYLœF[yG¼QJKœWK¬QJPƒQJ,3Y~©QJWK®LWUL™Q
NKDL~}²FPƒQJ,3Y
zFFtFKŽFKXŒQv›L
+LœQQDV¬O}²QJF‚FPƒQJ,3YOU‘WO±QKŽXK›WF‚FG£FKY·YF‚FJLDR
G£FKWUzQPƒQJ~˜XG¼DWUzQKƒWŽQJPƒQJ,3YGRY’[X‘WKLœQQKL˜XF|
FK›FKX™Q~ªLFKRSK–SN›WQ¬LF‚FKRVW,3YTXDPƒQJ,3Y
9LœF[yG¼QJOƒLJLDRWK»FF´DWŽQJ,QWHUQHWWURQJP{KQK73,3~ÅGQ
~›QQKL˜XWKD~ªL7URQJ~§Y‘Q~˜WKD~ªLO±QQK‘WF´D,3YY±L,3YO
YLœFWKD~ªLF‘XWU¶F~£DFKž6¼WKD~ªLQ€QKK}¯QJ~›QF‚FY‘Q~˜VDX
• ˜QKK}¯QJW±LKRƒW~QJF´DF‚FJLDRWK»F¯WŽQJWUzQ7ŽQJJLDRY’QY
WŽQJ»QJG·QJ
- 6. 0WNK‚FPWzXFŽXTXDQWU¨QJWURQJYLœFWUL™QNKDL,3YOSK€LWK¼F
KLœQ~}²FP·FWLzXEDQ~ŽX~˜UDNKLWKL›WN›JLDRWK»F,3Y~§O,3Y
SK€LOPYLœF~}²FWURQJP{LWU}®QJV¹G·QJJLDRWK»F,3Y6•F§KLœQ
W}²QJFKžF§QKºQJKRVWG³QJGXQK‘W,3YY~©QJWK®LFµQJW©QWƒL
QKºQJKRVWFKžGXQK‘WF§,3Yw©QJWK®LQKºQJKRVWWKXŽQ,3Y~§
SK€LJLDRWL›S~}²FY±LQKºQJKRVW,3YWURQJNKL~§YQ~€PE€R~£DFKž
,3YOF§W¢QKWK¬QJQK‘WWRQFŽX'RY’~™~€PE€RWK¼FKLœQF‚FV¼
W}|QJWK¢FKJLºD,3YY,3YF‚FQKWKL›WN›,3Y~Å[yG¼QJPWV¬F|
FK›FKX™Q~ªLNK‚FQKDX
‚FF|FK›FKX™Q~ªLQF§QKºQJ~F~L™PFKXQJQK}VDX
• w€PE€RF‚FKRVWURXWHUFL~W,3YF§WK™OPYLœF~}²FY±LQKDXWUzQ
Q˜Q,3Y
• +«WU²F‚FNK€QxQJWUL™QNKDLF‚FKRVWYURXWHUKRƒW~QJWUzQQ˜Q,3Y
Y±LP·FWLzXWKDWK›GŽQF‚FKRVW~DQJKRƒW~QJ,3Y
• §PWSK}|QJWK»FFKX™Q~ªLGšGQJWK¼FKLœQ~}²F¯F‚FF‘S~NK‚F
QKDXW¸SK¢DQJ}®LG³QJFX¬LW±LQJ}®LTX€QWU£KœWK¬QJF‚FQKTX€QOÀ
PƒQJYFXQJF‘SG£FKY·
‚FF|FK›QOPWW’SF‚FJLDRWK»FWK¼FKLœQ~¬LY±LF‚FKRVWYF‚F
URXWHUVN“PWKHROF‚FSK}|QJWK»FQK}J‚Q~£DFKžYWUL™QNKDLWKL›WN›
~™OPTX‚WUQKFKX™Q~¬L,QWHUQHWVDQJ,3YOPYLœFY±L¢WU´LURQK‘WF§
WK™~}²F
+LœQQDF‚FQKWKL›WN›,3Y~Å~}DUDF|FK›FKX™Q~ªLFK¢QKFKR
SK–SN›WQ¬L,3YWUzQQ˜Q,3YQK}VDX
• 'XDO,3ODHU|FK›Q~€PE€RPWKRVWURXWHU~}²FFL~WF€VWDFN
,3YY,3Y¯WŽQJ,QWHUQHW/DHUWURQJNL›QWU¶F73,3F´DQ§
• ,3YWXQQHOTXD,3Y|FK›QWK¼FKLœQ~§QJJ§LPWJ§LWLQ,3Y
WKHRFKXQJLDRWK»F,3Y~™F§WK™PDQJJ§LWLQ~§WUzQQ˜QNL›QWU¶F
,3Y § ORƒL WXQQHOLQJ O FL ~W V†Q RQILJXUHG
- 8. • WR|FK›QKRƒW~QJG¼DWUzQF‚FKRVW,3Y~ÅV†QF§F‚F~£DFKž
,3YW¸~§[yG¼QJPW~£DFKž,3YF§F‘XWU¶F~FELœWF‚FKRVWV¹
G·QJF|FK›QNK{QJFŽQSK€LWK{QJTXDPW,63F§K«WU²,3Y
KLWL›WKRƒW~QJYSK}|QJWK»FWK¼FKLœQF´DF|FK›QV•~}²FWUQK
EWURQJSKŽQVDX~y
}FK¦'XDO/DHU
0sWx
'XDO,3ODHU|FK›Q~€PE€RP«LKRVWURXWHU~}²FFL~WF€JLDR
WK»F,3YY,3Y9±LF|FK›~{LQKRƒW~QJF´DF‚FKRVWURXWHUKRQ
WRQW}|QJWK¢FKY±L,3YY,3Y
7KHRF|FK›Q,3YV•F³QJW©QWƒLY±L,3YYQ§V•G³QJF|V¯KƒWŽQJF´D
,3Y6¼O¼DFK¨Q~™V¹G·QJ6WDFNO¼DFK¨QJLDRWK»FQRWURQJWŽQJ,QWHUQHW
- 10. Application
TCP/UDP
IPv4
Network layer
IPv6
+ŠQK n FKˆ 'XDO ,3 ODHU
|FK›Q~}²FFRLOWK…QJK}±QJQK‘W~™~€PE€RPWQRGHV,3Y
KRQWRQW}|QJWK¢FKY±LQKºQJQRGHV,3YNK‚F1KºQJQRGHY¸DK«WU²
,3YY¸DK«WU²,3YQK}Y’J¨LO,3Y,3Y1KºQJQRGHVQF§NK€
QxQJY¸DQK’QY¸DJ¹LF€QKºQJJ§LWLQ,3YY,3YK¶QJF§WK™OP
YLœFWU¼FWL›SY±LF‚FKRVWWKXŽQ,3YV¹G·QJJLDRWK»F,3YY~©QJWK®L
Y¸DF§WK™WU¼FWL›SOPYLœFY±LF‚FKRVWWKXŽQ,3YTXDJLDRWK»F,3Y
+ƒQFK›F´DP{KQK'XDO6WDFNOSK€LJ‚QWKzPPW~£DFKž,3Y~¬LY±L
P«LQRGH,3YP±L
w¬LY±LP«LKRVWV¹G·QJN¿WKX’WGXDO,3ODHUF§WK™N›WK²SY±LF|FK›
FKX™Q~ªL,3YRYHU,3YWXQQHOLQJF|FK›QV•WUQKEG}±L~y
- 11. w¬LY±LQKºQJQRGHQF§WK™V¹G·QJN›WK²SY±LF‚FF|FK›WXQQHOLQJW¼
~QJKRFWXQQHOLQJFLV†QKRFF€N¿WKX’WWXQQHOLQJQ'R~§F§WK™
F§F|FK›FKX™Q~ªL~¬LY±LP«LQRGH,3Y,3YO
• 1RGHV,3Y,3YNK{QJN›WK²SV¹G·QJN¿WKX’WWXQQHOLQJ
• 1RGHV,3Y,3YV¹G·QJN›WK²SWXQQHOLQJFLV†Q
• 1RGHV ,3Y,3Y V¹ G·QJ N›W K²S F€ WXQQHOLQJ FL V†Q Y WXQQHOLQJ W¼
~QJ
w™WUL™QNKDLWURQJPƒQJ/$1QJ}®LWDWK}®QJY’QG·QJP{KQK'XDO
VWDFNKƒQFK›0{KQK'XDO6WDFNKƒQFK›~}²FP{W€QK}VDX0W
VLWHNKLWKL›WN›WKHRP{KQK'XDO6WDFNFKžF§QKºQJQRGHOPVHUYHUO
F‚FQRGHGXDOVWDFN1KºQJQRGH~§QJYDLWU¤OLHQWFKžOQKºQJQRGH
WKXŽQ,3Y1RGHVHUYHU~§QJYDLWU¤O~L™PFXQJF‘SF‚FG£FKY·QK}
'16:HEILOHVKDULQJ9±LSK}|QJWK»FQFKžF§PW~£DFKž,3Y
~}²FJ‚QFKRVHUYHUJL€PWKL™XF‚F~£DFKž,3YJ‚QFKRF‚FQRGHWURQJ
VLWH
w¬LY±LPWKRVWURXWHUNKLK«WU²F€GXDOlVWDFN,3VRQJVRQJFŽQSK€L
~L˜XNKL™QKDLE~£DFKžNK‚FQKDX1K}QJF‚FJLDRWK»F$XWRPDWLF
1HLJKERXU'LVFRYHUF´D,3YQzQOPFKR6WDFNQOWURQJVX¬W~¬LY±L
QKTX€QOÀwFELœWQ›XQK}FK¶QJWDPX¬QVRV‚QKQ§Y±LF‚FJL‚F´D
YLœFF‘XKQKF‚FWUƒP,3YQJQD
9LœFQyQJF‘SURXWHU~™K«WU²,3YSK»FWƒSK|Q‚FURXWHUSK€L~}²F
WUDQJE£PÅ~™IRUZDUGF‚FJ§L,3YWUDQJE£F‚FJLDRWK»F~£QKWX›Q,3Y
YJLDRWK»FTX€QOÀ,3Y
1K}WUzQ~ÅWUQKEF|FK›'XDO6WDFNG¼DYRG£FKY·QDPHVHUYLFH
‚FP‚FK´'XDO6WDFNV•F§F‚FE€QJKL~£DFKžNKDLE‚RWURQJ'16
VHUYHUGRY’'16VHUYHUQSK€LK«WU²,3Y0WE€QJKL$W}|QJ
- 13. *+1KLœQWƒLFKRSK–SF‚F»QJG·QJQK’Q~}²F~£D
FKž,3YW}|QJ»QJY±LPWGRPDLQDPHV•~}²FWKDWK›E¯LPWJLDRGLœQ
P±L+1$*+1~}²FJ¨LY±LFKžPWOœQKPWzQF´D~¢FK
+1$~}²FJ¨LY±LOœQKO~£DFKž~¢FKYTXDQKœ~£DFKžKRFO$)
,1(7FKR~£DFKž,3Y+RFO$),17FKR~£DFKž,3Y
1›X$),1(7WKWK´W·FV•FKX™Q~£DFKžF´DE€QJKL$F§WURQJ~¢FK
F´D'161›XO$),17(7WK´W·FWU}±FK›WV•TXHU'16FKRE€QJKL
$$$1›XTXHU~}²FWKWK´W·FOƒLTXDOƒLW¸~ŽX1›XNK{QJWPWK‘
WK´W·FV•TXHU'16PWOŽQQºDOŽQQOK¥LFKR~£DFKž~¢FK,3Y1§
V•G³QJ,$QQK}PW~£DFKž,3Y~}²FPDSE¯L,3Y
‚FP‚FK´'XDO6WDFNV•V¹G·QJF‚FJLDRWK»FORRNXSQJ}²FP±L
K¶QJV•QKWUDF‚F~£DFKžW¬WQK‘WQJRLGDQKV‚FK~}²FWU€Y˜YV¹
G·QJF‚F~£DFKžQWURQJzXFŽXN›WQ¬L73KRFFRLQK}OF‚F~£DFKž
~¢FKFKRF‚FGDWDJUDP8'3‚FJLDRWK»FY’QFKX™QGXDOVWDFNV•TX›W
~£QKKRFOV¹G·QJ,3YQ›XQK}F‚F~£DFKžOWKXŽQ,3YKRF~|QJL€Q
FKžG³QJ~£DFKž,3YQ›XQK}F‚F~£DFKžO~£DFKž~}²FPDSE¯L,3Y
7KHRTX‚WUQKWK¼FKLœQV¼WxQJOzQF´DF‚FP‚FK´LQWHUQHWV•~‚S»QJ
FKRF‚F~£DFKž,3YYFK™Q~ªLYR'166¼FKX™QWL›S,3YVDQJ
,3Y
- 15. zXFŽX~¬LY±LURXWHU L~WF€,3Y,3Y‚FJLDRWK»F~£QKWX›QSK€LK«
WU²,3Y
%rQJ tF WKDP V— FŸD Fn FKˆ GXDO VWDFN
rXFXY‹JzQv”DFK‘
9F‚FKRVWQV¹G·QJF€JLDRWK»F¯WŽQJ,3O,3YY,3YGRY’FŽQ
J‚QF€ORƒL~£DFKž,3YY,3Y¯P«LKRVWQ.K{QJQK‘WWKL›WSK€LF§
V¼TXDQKœJLºDKDL~£DFKžQGRY’QKºQJKRVW,3Y,3YF§WK™J‚Q
QKºQJ~£DFKž,3YY,3YNK{QJF§TXDQKœY±LQKDX
w¬LY±LQKºQJQRGHVF§F|FK›FKX™Q~ªLQN›WK²SY±LN¿WKX’W
WXQQHOLQJW¼~QJFŽQSK€LJ‚QPW~£DFKž,3Y~}²FWƒRE¯L~£DFKž,3Y
J‚Q~¬LY±LKRVW~§w£DFKž,3YQJ¨LO,3YFRPSDWLEOH,3Y~Å
WUQKEWURQJSKŽQ
- 16. ‘XWU¶FF´D~£DFKžQQK}VDX
96 bits 0 32 bits IPv4
128 bits
+ŠQK ~X WU¡F pŽD FK‹ ,3YFRPSDWLEOH ,3Y
w¬LY±LQKºQJQRGHV,3Y,3YF§WK™F§~}²F~£DFKž,3YWKHRE‘WN½PW
JLDRWK»FF‘XKQK~£DFKž,3YQRK²SOœ9¢G·V¹G·QJTXDF‚FJLDRWK»F
F‘S~£DFKž~QJQK}'+3%22735$53KRFJ‚QWU¼FWL›SF‚F~£DFKž
,3YW¡QK
w¬LY±L~£DFKžORRSEDFN7KHRF‘XKQK~£DFKž,3Y~£DFKžORRSEDFNF§
GƒQJ~£DFKžQFKX™QVDQJGƒQJ~£DFKž,3YW}|QJWK¢FKY±L
,3YV•F§GƒQJ~y~}²FFRLOGƒQJ~£DFKžORRSEDFN~¬LY±L
,3Y1KºQJSDFNHWF§~£DFKžORRSEDFNV•FKžW©QWƒLWURQJQRGH~§P
NK{QJFKX™QUDPƒQJ
.KDLEzR'16
7URQJPWKœWK¬QJF§FL~WF‚FQRGHK«WU²F|FK›GXDOVWDFNWK~L˜X
NLœQW¬LWKL™XFŽQWKL›WOG£FKY·'16F´DKœWK¬QJ~§SK€LK«WU²,3Y
+LœQQD~ÅF§PWV¬SKŽQP˜PQK}%,1'K«WU²,3Y
- 20. .KLWK¼FKLœQORRNXS~¬LY±LF‚FKRVW,3Y,3YF§WK™WPWK‘ORƒLE€Q
JKL$Y$$$$0«LE€QJKLQF§WK™WU¥~›QP«L~£DFKž,3YKRF
,3Y7URQJWU}®QJK²SN›WTX€WPWK‘OPWE€QJKL$$$$WU¥~›QPW
~£DFKž,3YFRPSDWLEOH,3YYPWE€QJKL$WU¥~zQ~£DFKž,3YW}|QJ
»QJWKN›WTX€WU€Y˜F§WK™F§F‚FJL‚WU£VDX
• 7U€OƒLGXQK‘W~£DFKž,3Y
• 7U€OƒLGXQK‘W~£DFKž,3Y
• 7U€OƒLF€~£DFKž,3YY,3Y
/¼DFK¨QORƒL~£DFKžQR~}²FWU€Y˜SK·WKXFYRW³W¸QJWU}®QJK²S
WURQJWU}®QJK²SF€ORƒL~£DFKž~}²FWU€Y˜WKWU’WW¼V‡S[›SF‚FORƒL~£D
FKžOLzQTXDQ~›QOX©QJ,3~¬LY±LKRVW~§1›XPW~£DFKž,3Y~}²FWU€
Y˜QRGH~§JLDRWL›SY±LQRGH~¢FKWURQJ~§F‚FJ§LWLQ~}²F~§QJJ§LWKHR
FKXQ,3Y1›X~£DFKž,3Y~}²FWU€Y˜WKQRGH~§JLDRWL›SY±LPWKRVW
,3Y
}FK¦7XQQHOLQJ
o€FvLŒPFKXQJ
|V¯KƒWŽQJPƒQJ,QWHUQHWKRƒW~QJWUzQQ˜Q,3YKRƒW~QJNK‚ªQ~£QK
YF§TXLP{UQJO±Q7’QG·QJNK€QxQJQF‚FQKWKL›WN›,3Y~Å~}D
UDJL€LSK‚SOWK¼FKLœQF|FK›WXQQHOLQJ~}®QJKŽP
- 21. WUzQQ˜Q,3Y
§ORƒLWXQQHOLQJQK}VDXO$XWRPDWLF7XQQHOLQJYRQILJXUHG
7XQQHOLQJ
7U}±FNKLWUQKEY˜~F~L™PF´DF‚FF|FK›WXQQHOLQJVDX~yV•P{W€PWV¬
NK‚LQLœPOLzQTXDQ~›QTX‚WUQKWXQQHOLQJ
• ,3YRQOQRGHOPWKRVWKDURXWHUKRƒW~QJWUzQ Q˜Q ,3Y QKºQJ
KRVWKRFURXWHUQNK{QJKL™X,3YF‚FKRVWQFKL›PSKŽQO±QF‚F
WKL›WE£WUzQPƒQJ,QWHUQHWKLœQQD7DJ¨LOF‚FQRGHWKXŽQY,3Y
• ,3Y,3YQRGHOF‚FQRGHVF§NK€QxQJWK¼FKLœQWUzQQ˜Q,3YKRF
,3Y7DJ¨LOF‚FQRGHVQOQRGHV~{L
• ,3YRQOQRGHOF‚FQRGHVFKžF§NK€QxQJKRƒW~QJWUzQQ˜Q ,3Y
NK{QJF§NK€QxQJWK¼FKLœQWUzQQ˜Q,3Y7DJ¨LF‚FQRGHVQOQRGHV
WKXŽQ,3Y
• ,3YQRGHOQKºQJQRGHVVDXQRGHVWKXŽQ,3YQRGHV~{L,3Y,3Y
• ,3YQRGHOQKºQJQRGHVVDXQRGHVWKXŽQ,3YQRGHV~{L,3Y,3Y
• ,3YFRPSDWLEOH,3YDGGUHVVOPW~£DFKž,3Y~}²FJ‚QFKRF‚FQRGH
~{L,3Y,3Y~£DFKžQF§~£QKGƒQJQK}~ÅP{W€WURQJSKŽQF´D
P·F,,SKŽQ7DJ¨L~£DFKž,3YORƒLQO~£DFKž,3YW}|QJWK¢FK
,3Yw£DFKžORƒLQ~}²FV¹G·QJWURQJF|FK›WXQQHO,3YWUzQQ˜Q,3Y
V•~}²FP{W€VDX~y
• ,3YRQODGGUHVVOQKºQJ~£DFKž,3YF¤QOƒL~Å~}²FP{W€WURQJSKŽQ
• ,3YRYHU,3Y WXQQHOLQJ N¿ WKX’W Q WK¼F KLœQ YLœF ~§QJ J§L F‚F
GDWDJUDPWKHRF‘XWU¶F,3YYRSKŽQGºOLœXF´DGDWDJUDP,3Y~™F§WK™
PDQJF‚FJ§LWLQ,3YTXDPƒQJ,3YWDJ¨LF|FK›QO7XQQHO,3Y
- 22. WUzQ Q˜Q ,3Y § KDL SK}|QJ WK»F WXQQHO O RQILJXUHG 7XQQHOLQJ Y
$XWRPDWLF7XQQHOLQJw}²F~£QKQJK¡DQK}VDX
• RQILJXUHGWXQQHOLQJ7KHRSK}|QJWK»FQ~£DFKžFX¬LF³QJF§WXQQHO
~}²F[‚F~£QKQK®WK{QJWLQF‘XKQKWƒLQRGHV~§QJJ§L
• $XWRPDWLFWXQQHOLQJ7KHRSK}|QJWK»FQ~£DFKžFX¬LF³QJF§WXQQHOO
~£DFKž,3YW}|QJWK¢FKY±L~£DFKž,3Y
|FK›7XQQHOLQJ~}²FP{W€QK}VDX‚FQRGHV,3Y,3YV•WK¼FKLœQ
~§QJJ§LF‚FGDWDJUDP,3YYRWKQKSKŽQGºOLœXWURQJGDWDJUDP,3Y
SKŽQW€LWU¨QJF´DJ§LWLQ,3YWUX˜QWUzQPƒQJOJ§LWLQ,3Y
- 23. YGR~§
J§LWLQQV•F§WK™WUX˜QTXDWUzQQ˜Q,3Y+QKVDXPLQKK¨DF|FK›
7XQQHOLQJ
,3Y QRGH
(QFDSV
,3Y QRGH
(QFDSV ,3Y URXWHU
,3Y URXWHU
,3Y URXWHU
,3Y URXWHU ,3Y QRGH
'HFDSV
,3Y QRGH
'HFDSVTunnel
+ŠQK n FKˆ WXQQHOLQJ
‚FN›WQ¬LF§WK™‚SG·QJF|FK›WXQQHOLQJO
• 5RXWHUWR5RXWHU‚FURXWHUV,3Y,3YN›WQ¬LY±LQKDXE¯LF|V¯KƒWŽQJ
,3YGR~§F§WK™WK¼FKLœQFKX™QF‚FGDWDJUDP,3YTXDF|FK›WXQQHO
7URQJWU}®QJK²SQF|FK›WXQQHOWU€LUQJW¸~L™PE‡W~ŽXW±L~L™PN›W
WK¶FF´DPWJ§LWLQ,3Y
• +RVWWR5RXWHU0WKRVW~{L,3Y,3YF§WK™WK¼FKLœQ7XQQHO,3YWUzQ
Q˜Q,3Y~™FKX™QF‚FJ§LWLQW±LF‚FURXWHUWUXQJJLDQFµQJ~¼²FF‘X
KQKOF‚FQRGHV~{L,3Y,3Y7URQJWU}®QJK²SQWXQQHOWU€LUQJ
WURQJSKƒPYLW¸KRVWW±LURXWHU~§
• +RVWWR+RVW +DL KRVW ~{L ,3Y,3Y F§ WK™ WUX˜Q F‚F GDWDJUDP WKHR
~£QKGƒQJ,3YWUzQQ˜Q,3Y7URQJWU}®QJK²SQF|FK›WXQQHOWU€L
UQJW¸~L™P~ŽX~›Q~L™PFX¬L
.¿WKX’WWXQQHO~}²FSKyQORƒLG¼DWUzQQJX›QW‡FV¹G·QJSK}|QJWK»FQR~™
TX›W~£QK~£DFKžF´DQRGHVFX¬LF³QJ~}²FF‘XKQKWXQQHO7URQJSK}|QJ
WK»FWXQQHO~ÅP{W€¯WUzQOURXWHUWRURXWHUYKRVWWRURXWHUJ§LWLQ,3Y~}²F
WXQQHO~›Q~£DFKžFX¬LF³QJOWƒLURXWHU'R~§~L™PFX¬LF³QJF´DTX‚WUQK
WXQQHOQOF‚FURXWHUWUXQJJLDQWƒLF‚FURXWHUQSK€LF§QKLœPY·P¯J§L
WLQ~}²FWXQQHOYFKX™QQ§W±L~¢FKFX¬LF³QJw£DFKžWURQJJ§LWLQ,3Y~}²F
WXQQHONK{QJK«WU²~£DFKž,3YF´D~L™PFX¬LF³QJWXQQHOWKDYR~§~£DFKž
~L™PFX¬LF³QJWXQQHOSK€L~}²FTX›W~£QKW¸F‚FWK{QJWLQF‘XKQKWUzQQRGHV
WK¼FKLœQ~§QJJ§L7KHRF|FK›[‚F~£QK~£DFKžFX¬LQK}Y’WDJ§LOWXQQHO
RQILJXUHGF§QJK¡DO~£DFKž~L™PFX¬LF´DTX‚WUQKWXQQHO~Å~}²FNKDLE‚R
WU}±F
7KHRSK}|QJWK»FVDXKRVWWRKRVWYURXWHUWRKRVWJ§LWLQ,3Y
~}²FWXQQHOWUzQW‘WF€KQKWUQKF´DFK¶QJFKRW±LNKL~›Q~}²F~¢FK
7KHRF|FK›QQRGHVFX¬LF³QJ~}²F[‚F~£QKWXQQHOO~£DFKž~¢FKF´D
J§LWLQ,3Y9Y’~L™PFX¬LF³QJF´DWXQQHOF§WK™~}²FTX›W~£QKW¸
~£DFKž~£FKF´DJ§LWLQ,3YQ›X~£DFKžQOPW~£DFKžW}|QJ~}|QJY±L
~£DFKž,3YWKWKHRF‘XWU¶FF´D~£DFKžQELWVWK‘SV•~}²FO‘OP
- 30. w¬LY±L
F‚FJ§LWLQ,3Y~§QJJ§LNK{QJVHWJL‚WU£FKRSKŽQ
RSWLRQWURQJKHDGHU
7SHRI6HUYLFH
7RWDO/HQJWK EWHV ;‚F~£QK~O±QJ©PFKL˜XGLSKŽQKHDGHU,3Y
FKL˜XGLF´D,3YFKL˜XGL,3YKHDGHU
,GHQWLILFDWLRQ *L‚WU£~}²F[‚F~£QKWK¬QJQK‘WFKRE‘WN½J§LWLQ
,3Y~}²FWUDQVPLWE¯LKœWK¬QJ
)ODJV ')KRF0)
7LPHWROLYH
3URWRFRO *‚QW}|QJ»QJY±LORƒLSDORDGWURQJJ§LWLQ,SY
~§QJJ§L
+HDGHU
KHFNVXP
*L‚WU£WªQJF‚FEWHVF´DSKŽQKHDGHU,3Y~™NL™P
WUDW¢QKWRQY—QGºOLœXNKLQK’Q¯~£DFKž~¢FK
6RXUFH$GGUHVV ,3YDGGUHVV w£DFKž,3YF´DWUƒPQJX©Q
'HVWLQDWLRQ
$GGUHVV
,3YDGGUHVV w£DFKž,3YF´DWUƒP~¢FK
%rQJ ~X WU¡F SK{Q KHDGHU FŸD ,3Y NKL WK§F KL‰Q WXQQHOLQJ
tFKŽP J˜LNKLWKFKLQWXQQHO,3YRYHU,3Y
.KLPWKRVWKDPWURXWHUQK’Q~}²FPWGDWDJUDP,3YF§NL™XJLDR
WK»FOQ§V•E¥SKŽQKHDGHU,3YWURQJJ§LWLQYYJLºOƒLSKŽQGDWD
~§FK¢QKOJ§LWLQ,3Y+QKVDXPLQKKRƒF|FK›P¯J§L
- 32. SKŽQKHDGHUF´D,3Y
NK{QJE£EL›Q~ªL1›X~§OJ§LWLQ~›Q~¢FKFX¬LF³QJJL‚WU£WURQJWU}®QJ
KRSOLPLWVV•E£JL€P[X¬QJJL‚WU£3KŽQKHDGHU,3Y~§QJJ§LE£ORƒLE¥
‚FQRGHVWK¼FKLœQP¯J§LV•WK¼FKLœQYLœFW‚LK²SF‚FGDWDJUDP,3Y
WU}±FNKLQ§WK¼FKLœQP¯J§L,3Y'RY’W‘WF€F‚FJL‚WU£RSWLRQV,3Y
YQ~}²FJLºQJXzQQK}WU}±FNKL~§QJJ§L
6DXNKLWK¼FKLœQYLœFP¯J§LP¨LTX‚WUQK[¹OÀJL¬QJY±LYLœFQK’Q
GDWDJUDP,3YWK{QJWK}®QJNK‚F
w™~€PE€RW¢QKW}|QJWK¢FKJLºD,3YY,3YFŽQSK€LF§F|FK›FKX™Q
~ªL~¬LY±LQKºQJWKD~ªLF´D,3YVRY±L,3YPF·WK™OSKŽQKHDGHU
F´DF‚FGDWDJUDPYSKŽQWKD~ªL~£DFKžF´D,3Y7URQJSKŽQQFKž
JL±LKƒQ¯NK¢DFƒQKP{W€F‚FSK}|QJWK»FFKX™Q~ªL~£DFKž‚FSK}|QJ
WK»FFKX™Q~ªL~£DFKž~€PE€RWK¼FKLœQ~}²FF‚FQKLœPY·FK¢QKQK}
VDX
• w€PE€RF‚FKRVWKRƒW~QJWUzQQ˜Q ,3YY,3YKRQWRQOPYLœF
~}²FY±LQKDX
• +«WU²F‚FNK€QxQJWUL™QNKDLF‚FKRVWYURXWHUKRƒW~QJWUzQQ˜Q,3Y
Y±LP·FWLzXWKDWK›GŽQF‚FKRVW~DQJKRƒW~QJ,3Y
• §PWSK}|QJWK»FFKX™Q~ªLGšGQJWK¼FKLœQ~}²F¯F‚FF‘S~NK‚F
QKDXW¸SK¢DQJ}®LG³QJFX¬LW±LQJ}®LTX€QWU£KœWK¬QJF‚FQKTX€QOÀ
PƒQJYFXQJF‘SG£FKY·
• ,3YWXQQHOTXD,3Y|FK›Q~§QJJ§LPWJ§LWLQ,3YYRWURQJSKŽQ
KHDGHUF´D,3Y~™F§WK™PDQJJ§LWLQ~§WUzQQ˜QNL›QWU¶F,3Y§
ORƒLWXQQHOF‘XKQKV†QYW¼~QJ
/DFK™QJLzWU”078YwSKqQPxQK
- 43. WKYLœFSKyQQK¥J§L,3YV•~}²FW‡W~LWURQJ,3YKHDGHU1›XQK}J§L
,3YO±QK|Q078F´DWXQQHOF§WURQJJLDRGLœQ1§V•E£ORƒLE¥Y
PHVVDJH,03i,3YSDFNHWWRELJjV•~}²FJ¹LOƒLFKRNK‚FKKQJ
1K}QJN¢FKWK}±FQK¥QK‘WF´DJ§L,3YFKžORFWHWFK»NK{QJSK€LO
078F´DWXQQHOF§WK™¢WNKLQK¥K|QRFWHW~L˜XPEXFF‚F
URXWHU,3YV¹G·QJYLœFSKyQQK¥J§L,3Y
1›X078F´DWXQQHO,3YQK¥K|QRFWHW‚FJ§L,3YO±QK|Q
RFWHWV•E£ORƒLE¥YPHVVDJHi3DFNHWWRRELJjV•~}²FJ¹LWU¯OƒLFKRQJ}®L
J¹L,3Y*§LQV•FKžUDPW078,3YF¼F~ƒLF´DRFWHW
1›XPWJ§L,3YO±QK|Q078F´DWXQQHOQK}QJQK¥K|QE„QJ7K
YLœFSKyQQK¥J§LV•NK{QJWK™~}²FG³QJ
6¹G·QJYLœFNK‚PSK‚078V•~€PE€RU„QJF‚FNK‚FKKQJ,3YV•QK’Q
~}²FYLœFV¹G·QJW¸F‚FWXQQHO,3Y
+QKVDXPLQKTXƒJLDRWK»F078GLVFRYHU~}²FK«WU²WURQJ,3Y
3KkQ PxQK FKš [‡ UD WŠL L¤P ´QJ J´L Yw OÊD FKµQ JL‰ WU¯
078 QK² QK›W po°F FKŒS QKQ WUlQ pR{Q WUDIILF W¯L p D FKš pŸFK
2ULJLQDWLQJ
KRVW
2ULJLQDWLQJ
KRVW )LUVW
*DWHZD
)LUVW
*DWHZD 6HFRQG
*DWHZD
6HFRQG
*DWHZD 7KLUG
*DWHZD
7KLUG
*DWHZD
large MTU small MTU large MTUsmaller MTU
;zF p QK JLz WU 078 TXD WKXW WRzQ 078 GLVFRYHU
FzF WKmQJ WLQ Qw po°F OoX WU¹ WU{L QRGH QJX§Q
+ŠQK *LDR WK¦F 078 GLVFRYHU
zFJLDRWK¬FWXQQHOYwURXWLQJ
.KLWXQQHO~}²FF‘XKQKFK¶QJV•~}²F~¬L[¹QK}QKL˜XORƒL~}®QJOLQN
NK‚FWURQJWRQEF|V¯KƒWŽQJ,3Y1›XQK}WXQQHO~}²FV¹G·QJFKR
~}®QJQ¬LJLºDF‚FGRPDLQ~£QKWX›QW‚FKELœWQKDXQ§V•V¹G·QJFKR
YLœFWUDR~ªLJLºDF‚FURXWHUV¹G·QJ,'531›XQK}WXQQHOE£~}DYR~£QK
WX›QQ§V•~}²F[HP[–WQK}OPW~}®QJOLQNVHULDOWKXŽQWXÀE„QJF‚F
JLDRWK»FURXWLQJQK}O5,3KRF263)
- 44. 1K}QJF‚FWXQQHO~˜XNK{QJSK€LOWKXŽQOF‚FOLQN7URQJWU}®QJK²S
F´D5,3WRQEV¬OLœXOV¬O}²QJKRVW1JŽP~£QKJL‚F´DWXQQHO~WO
QK}OPW~}®QJN›WQ¬LWU¼FWL›SJLºDURXWHUPFG³OF‚FJ§LTXD
WXQQHOWURQJWK¼FW›~}²FFKX™QWL›STXDYLOŽQE¯LF‚FO±S,3Yw§F§
WK™OGRN›WTX€F´DF‚FO¼DFK¨QNK‚FJL¬QJQK}F‚FO¼DFK¨QFKRYLœF
~£QKWX›QWK{QJTXDPWWXQQHOGLWKDYFKX™QWL›STXDPWV¬O}²QJ
QK¥F‚FN›WQ¬L,3YWU¼FWL›S
7URQJPWGRPDLQ~£QKWX›Q~|QQKLœPY·F´DQKTX€QOÀV•GšGQJ
K|QQ›XQK}V¼O¼FK¨QPHWULFF´DWXQQHOO~}²FW¼~QJQ›XQK}TX‚
WUQK~£QKWX›Q,3YV•F§QJX©QJ¬FPHWULFF´DWXQQHOW¸E€QJ~£QKWX›Q
,3Y
7KŸLJLDQVQJWURQJWXQQHO
'RYLœF~£QKWX›Q,3YO~QJWK®LJLDQV¹G·QJFKRF‚FJ§LWURQJWXQQHO
OWKD~ªL‚FJ§LQzQJ¹LTXDWXQQHOY±L77/,3YY¸D~´~™~€PE€R
U„QJFK¶QJNK{QJE£WLPHRXW.KL~£QKWX›QF‚F~FW¢QKKLœQW‚LF´DF|
FK›FKX™QWL›SO~Å~}²FO}²FE±WWURQJ~L™PQ1J}®LWDQ§LU„QJ77/
~}²FO¼DFK¨QWURQJNL™XKRƒW~QJSK·WKXFY±LJL‚WU£QJŽP~£QK~}²F
~˜[X‘WWURQJWLOLœX5)
7K¼FW›QJ}®LWDWKL›WO’S77/QPWF‚FK~QJJL¬QJQK}F‚FFK}|QJ
WUQKWUDFHURXWHWK¼FKLœQ9LœFJL‚PV‚W77/F´DWXQQHOF§WK™F§¢FKQ›X
QK}QJ}®LWDPX¬QNK‚PSK‚QKDQKFK§QJV¼WKD~ªLWURQJYLœF~£QK
WX›Q,3YYF’SQK’WPHWULFF´DWXQQHO
oL‹XNKLŒQYLFFKLDV‡WXQQHO
0W~L™PKƒQFK›F´D~£QKWX›QWKHRO±SOOPK«Q~QYLœF~L˜XNKL™Q
WLQJXzQ‚FJ§L~}²FTXDWXQQHOV•KRQWKQKYLœFWUX˜QWLQJXzQ
Y±LF‚FJ§LWKXŽQ,3Y9‘Q~˜F§WK™JyUDO«LWURQJWU}®QJK²SF‚FURXWHU
,3Y~}²FV¹G·QJE¯LYWXQQHOV•FKžQK’Q~}²FSKŽQFKLDV”F´DWL
QJXzQF´DNK‚FKKQJ~§PFG³Q§WK{QJWLQF§WURQJWRQEJ§LWLQ
,3Y
‚FJL€LSK‚SW}|QJW¼V•~}²FV¹G·QJFKR,3YWXQQHO1§F§PWYLO²L
¢FKVDX
1J}®LTX€QOÀF§WK™~L˜XNKL™QYLœFFKLDV”PƒQJP~}²F~£QKY£WURQJ
,3Y
'€LWK{QJWXQQHOF§WK™~}²FV¹G·QJ~™‘Q~£QKPHWULFKLœQWK¼FW±L
WXQQHO
µQJF§PWYLF‚FE‘WO²LWL˜PQ7KHR~£QKQJK¡DYLœF–SEXFPÅJL±L
KƒQW¬F~FKR,3YWXQQHOQJK¡DOF‚FJ§L,3YV•NK{QJV¹G·QJFKXQJ
~}²FF‚FWLQJXzQ~DQJNK{QJV¹G·QJ~›QQK}OF‚FJ§LWKXŽQ,3Y
µQJYY’Q›XQK}JL€LExQJWK{QJW}|QJ»QJNK{QJ~}²FGQKULzQJF§
KLœXTX€¯P»F,3YWKFK¢QKV‚FK¯P»F,3YV•NK{QJ~€PE€R~}²F
U„QJF‚FJ§LF§P»F}XWLzQFDRQK‘WONK{QJE£ORƒLE¥¯~yX~§WURQJ
WXQQHO
- 45. wyO~L˜XNK‚U¦UQJ1J}®LWDF§WK™W}¯QJW}²QJUDJLDRWK»F~L˜X
NKL™QWXQQHO~QJJL‚PV‚WJL€LWK{QJF§V†QFKRWXQQHOWURQJF‚FOX©QJ
,3YWK®LJLDQWK¼F1K}QJ~§FµQJOY‘Q~˜QJXKL™PE¯LYF§QKL˜X
V¼W}|QJW‚FU‘WSK»FWƒSJLºDF‚FSKŽQ~L˜XNKL™QW¬F~J¹LF´DF‚FJ§L
WURQJWXQQHOYNK€QxQJF´DWXQQHO9LœFWKL›WO’SJL€LWK{QJ~}²F~£QK
QJK¡DWU}±FYEXFQ§V¹G·QJWƒLP»F,3YONK‚GšGQJYF§WK™YºQJ
FK‡FK|Q9LœFWUL™QNKDLQKDQKF‚FNK€QxQJQJXzQWKX¾F´D,3YF§WK™
V•OW¬WK|QE¯LYFK¶QJWDV•WKR‚WUDNK¥L~}²FWXQQHO
77/FKRFzFWXQQHOWvžQJ
‚FWXQQHO~ÅW¸QJQK’QF‚FJ§LW±LYW¸F‚FKRVW~FO’S~ÅNK{QJ~}²F
F‘XKQKPWF‚FKW}®QJPLQKYY’QJ}®LWDSK€LFK¨QF‚FWK{QJV¬,3Y
QK}O77/KRF0787URQJWU}®QJK²SF´D77/F‚FNKX›QQJK£P
FK¶QJWD~Å~}²F~˜F’SW¸WU}±FWKYQ~}²FJLºOƒLQ›XQK}FK¶QJWD
NK{QJEL›WWKzPJP±LF‚FKRVWV•G³QJF‚FJL‚WU£~}²FNKX›QQJK£
WURQJF‚F5)QHPEHUKLœQWƒLONKX›QQJK£FKR5)7U}®QJ
K²SF´D079WKSK»FWƒSK|Q7K¼FW›FK¶QJWDF§WU}®QJK²S
• ‚FKRVW~FO’STX€QOÀWXQQHO~|QW±LURXWHU,3YJŽQQK‘W
• ‚FKRVWTXDO~L˜XNKL™QF‚FWXQQHOW±LF‚FSDUWQHO~FO’SF´DFK¶QJ
• ‚FURXWHUGXDO[XzQF‚FJ§LW±LF‚FKRVW~FO’SPWKDPWFKRF‚F
KRVWWKXŽQ,3Y
‚FKRVW~FO’SFKž~L˜XNKL™QWXQQHOK¶QJF§WK™F§JLDRWK»FSK‚W
KLœQ078‚FKRVWFKƒGXDOFµQJQzQF§NK€QxQJFKƒJLDRWK»FSK‚W
KLœQ078FKRW‘WF€F‚FWXQQHOKLœQWƒL~DQJN¢FKKRƒWPFG³F‚FP‚
FK´SKªWK{QJNK{QJSK€LWU€O®LFKRQKL˜XNK‚FKKQJWPUDQ§FµQJNK‚
NK§NKxQ‚FURXWHUGXDOV•V±P~¬LPWY±LU‘WQKL˜XF‚FWXQQHO~DQJ
N¢FKKRƒWSK€LF§NK€QxQJW¢QKWR‚QF‚FKKLœXTX€WK{QJV¬078FKR
P«LURXWHUK¶QJV•OX{QOX{QF§O²LNKLV¹G·QJW¬LWKL™XQJŽP~£QKF´D
078OEWHYTX€QOÀ~}²FYLœFSKyQP€QK,3YF‚FURXWHUPWK¼F
KLœQYLœFWXQQHOLQJF§WK™QK’Q~}²FF‚FE‚RKLœXO«LNK‚FWK}®QJO,03
w™WU‚QKF‚FO«~HQQFK¶QJWK}®QJF¬J‡QJFKX™QF‚FE‚RKLœXQ
WURQJ,3Y,03TXDWU¯OƒLQJX©Q,3Y
‚F0HVVDJH,03EDRJ©PEWHWK»QK‘WF´DJ§L,3YEWHWL–SWKHR
V•OKHDGHU,3YQJXzQWKX¾1›XFK¶QJ[X‘WKLœQWKURXWHUV•V¹G·QJ
FK¶QJV•K©LSK·FOƒL~£DFKžQJX©Q,3YQJXzQWKX¾QK„P[yG¼QJ
PHVVDJHE‚RO«L,03,3Y
}FK¦RQILJXUH7XQQHOLQJ
0sWx
9±LSK}|QJWK»FWXQQHOLQJQ~£DFKžP¯J§L~}²FTX›W~£QKE¯LF‚F
WK{QJWLQ~}²FF‘XKQK¯QRGH~§QJJ§LHQWUSRLQWHQFDSVXODWLRQV
- 48. Q~£DFKžF´DF‚FHQGSRLQW~}²FF‘XKQKVDRFKRJL¬QJY±L~£DFKž~¢FK
WURQJSKŽQKHDGHUF´DJ§LWLQ,3Y~§QJJ§L
‚FWK{QJV¬zXFŽX~¬LY±LF|FK›FRQILJXUHGWXQQHOLQJQK}VDX
• .K€QxQJ»QJG·QJVLWH
• zXFŽXJLDRWK»F,3YN›WQ¬LJLºDF‚FVLWHV¹G·QJ,3Y
• w£DFKž,3YW¬LWKL™XF§PW~£DFKž,3YWURQJPWVLWH
• zXFŽXJLDRWK»F,3YNK{QJFŽQWKL›W
• zXFŽXY˜~£DFKž,3YNK{QJFŽQWKL›W
• zXFŽXKRVW,3YVWDFNKRF,3Y,3YVWDFN
• zXFŽX~¬LY±LURXWH,3Y,3YURXWHU
3KutQJSKzSWKFKLQ
w™TX›W~£QK~}®QJ~LF´DF‚FWXQQHOLQJKDQ§LF‚FKNK‚F~™F§~}²F
F‚FWK{QJWLQY˜QRGHHQGSRLQWFŽQSK€LG¼DYRE€QJ~£QKWX›QYK}±QJ
~LF´DF‚FSDFNHWVSK€LG¼DYR~£DFKž~¢FKF´DFK¶QJV¹G·QJF‚FN¿WKX’W
QHWPDVN
'HIDXOWRQILJXUHGWXQQHOLQJ*L¬QJQK}ÀQJK¡DF´DJL‚WU£GHIDXOWURXWH
WURQJE€QJ~£QKWX›Q~¬LY±LPWWXQQHONKLWK¼FKLœQSK}|QJWK»F
FRQILJXUHGWXQQHOLQJQ›XQ§NK{QJWPWK‘~LDFKž~¢FKWURQJE€QJ~£QK
WX›QQ§V•V¹G·QJPWJL‚WU£GHIDXOWNKDLWUzQURXWH~§OP~£DFKž~¢FK
WURQJSDFNHW~§QJJ§L
*L‚WU£GHIDXOWWXQQHOLQJQF§WK™OPW~£DFKž,3YGƒQJDQFDVWY±L
SK}|QJWK»FQSDFNHW~§QJJ§LV•~}²FIRUZDUG~›QQKL˜XURXWHUNK‚F
}FK¦$XWRPDWLF7XQQHOLQJ
0sWx
9±LSK}|QJWK»FWXQQHOLQJQ~£DFKž~¢FKWURQJJ§LWLQ~§QJJ§L,3Y
~}²F[‚F~£QKO~£DFKž~¢FKF´DJ§LWLQ,3Y'RY’~£DFKž~¢FKF´DJ§L
WLQ,3Y~}²F~§QJJ§LSK€LF§GƒQJ~£DFKž,3YW}|QJWK¢FKY±L,3Y
,3YFRPSDELOLW,3Y
- 49. w¬LY±LQKºQJJ§LWLQ,3YP~£DFKž~¢FKO
GƒQJ~£DFKžNK{QJF§GƒQJ,3YFRPSDELOHWKV•NK{QJWK™WK¼FKLœQ
DXWRPDWLFWXQQHOLQJ
|FK›$XWRPDWLF7XQQHOLQJWK}®QJ~}²FV¹G·QJNKLFŽQWK¼FKLœQQKºQJ
N›WQ¬LY±LF‚FKRVWKRFY±LF‚FPƒQJ,3YWURQJPWWK®LJLDQQJ‡QKRF
WURQJQKºQJWQKKX¬QJQJXQKLzQ
‚FWK{QJV¬OLzQTXDQ~›Q$XWRPDWLFWXQQHOLQJ
• .K€QxQJ»QJG·QJ~¬LY±LF‚FKRVW
• zXFŽXJLDRWK»F,3YzXFŽXF§F‚FN›WQ¬L,3YJLºDF‚FVLWHV
• zXFŽX~£DFKž,3YW¬LWKL™XF§PW~£DFKž,3Y
• zXFŽXJLDRWK»F,3Y.K{QJFŽQWKL›W
• zXFŽX~£DFKž,3Yw£DFKžGƒQJ,3YFRPSDWLEOH
• zXFŽX~¬LY±LKRVWFL~WGXDOVWDFN,3Y,3Y
- 55. ~˜XFŽQSK€LO¼DFK¨QPW,63F§K«WU²G£FKY·,3Y~™JL€LTX›W
F‚FY‘Q~˜OLzQTXDQ~›QF‘SSK‚W~£DFKžYWXQQHOLQJ0WNK‚FSK}|QJ
SK‚SQFµQJKƒQFK›~}²FQKºQJNK§NKxQF´DF|FK›WXQQHOLQJQK}F‚F
KRƒW~QJWƒRTX€QOÀGXWUF‚FF‘XKQKWXQQHOLQJF´DSK}|QJSK‚S
WXQQHOLQJ
rXFX
• 0WKRVWSK€LF§~£DFKž,3Y
• w™~€PE€RKRƒW~QJFK¢QK[‚FF´DWRWURQJPWWRSRPƒQJSK»FWƒS
W‘WF€F‚FKRVW,3YSK€L~€PE€RWKX’WWR‚QVDX~yOF§JL‚WU£w§O
WKX’WWR‚QOLzQTXDQ~›QO¼DFK¨Q~£DFKžNKLWK¼FKLœQJ¹LJ§LWLQ,3Y9
WDEL›WU„QJPWQRGHF§WK™J‚QQKL˜XGƒQJ~£DFKž,3YNK‚FQKDX'R
Y’WURQJG£FKY·WzQPL˜Q'16F§WK™NKDLQKL˜XE€QJKLW}|QJ»QJY±L
F‚F~£DFKž,3YNK‚FQKDXFX€KRVW~§7KX’WWR‚QO¼DFK¨Q~£DFKž~€P
E€RWURQJPWW’SF‚F~£DFKž,3YWU€Y˜NKLKRVWWK¼FKLœQTXHU'16
VHUYHUV•O¼DFK¨QPW~£DFKžF§GƒQJWL˜QW¬ WURQJW’SF‚F~£D
FKžWU€Y˜~™J¹LF‚FJ§LWLQ,3YWURQJF‚FN›WQ¬LF´DKRVW~§
0sWx
7KHRF‘XWU¶FF´DGƒQJ~£DFKž*OREDO8QLFDVWSKŽQ~£QKGDQKWL˜QW¬7/$
~}²FJ‚QE¯LWªFK»F,$1$9¢G·WL˜QW¬))(~}²FJ‚QFKRPƒQJ
WK¹QJKLœP%RQH+D~}²FSKyQEªWKHRF|FK›SURGXFWLRQ
+LœQQDWªFK»FQFµQJJ‚QPWWL˜QW¬~FELœWO ~™K«WU²F|FK›
WR7KHR~§F‘XWU¶F~£DFKž,3YF´DPWQRGHWK¼FKLœQWRF§GƒQJQK}VDX
3 13 32 16 64
001 0x0002 V4ADDR SLA ID Interface ID
7URQJ~§
• 3KŽQ7/$,'~}²FJ‚QJL‚WU£
• 3KŽQ1/$J‚QELWVF¤QOƒLO~£DFKž,3YF´DQRGH~§
- 58. NKLF‚FJ§LWLQQFŽQFKX™QUDPƒQJ
QJRL6DXNKLJ§LWLQ~§QJJ§LGƒQJ,3YV•~}²FFKX™QWURQJPƒQJ,3Y
QK}KRƒW~QJF´DPƒQJ,QWHUQHWKLœQQD
3KŽQKHDGHUF´DJ§LWLQ,3YF§~£DFKž~¢FKY~£DFKžQJX©QGƒQJ,3Y
‚F~£DFKžQF§~}²FOG¼DYRF|FK›O¼DFK¨Q~£DFKžVDX~§WK¼FKLœQ
O‘ELWV~£DFKž9$''5WURQJF‘XWU¶F~£DFKž,3YF§WL˜QW¬
‘XWU¶FF´DGƒQJJ§LWLQ,3YQQK}VDX
Ver IHL Type of Ser Total Length
Indentification Flags Fragment offset
TTL Protocol = 41 Header Checksum
Source Address
Destination Address
Options Padding
IPv6 header + payload....
+ŠQK ~X WU¡F J’L WLQ ,3Y p’QJ J’L WKHR Fn FKˆ WR
7U}®QJK²SWUL™QNKDL~|QJL€QQK‘WF´DF|FK›WROV¹G·QJF|FK›Q
~™N›WQ¬LF‚FVLWH,3YY±LQKDXP«LVLWHQF‚FN›WQ¬LY±LQKDXG¼DWUzQ
PƒQJ,3Y.K{QJzXFŽXF‚FVLWHQF§F‚FN›WQ¬LY±LF³QJPW,63
KžF§PWzXFŽXOF‚FVLWH~}²FFL~W,3YK«WU²F|FK›WR~™WKL›W
O’SJL‚WU£3URWRFRO WURQJF‚FSDFNHW,3Y
w™F|FK›QKRƒW~QJP«LVLWHF¤QFŽQSK€LJ‚QPW~£DFKž,3YWKHR
F‘XWU¶F~£DFKž~ÅP{W€¯WUzQw©QJWK®LWƒRPWE€QJKL'16W}|QJ»QJ
Y±L~£DFKžQ
9LG·0WVLWH$F§~£DFKž,3YOV•WƒRPWE€QJKLWUzQ
'16Y±LWL˜QW¬,3YF§GƒQJ^)3 7/$ [1/$
%$$`
0WVLWH%F§~£DFKž,3YOV•WƒRPWE€QJKLWUzQ'16
Y±LWL˜QW¬,3YF§GƒQJ^)3 7/$ [1/$
)()')`
.KLPWKRVW,3YWUzQVLWH%FŽQN›WQ¬LY±LPWKRVW,3YWUzQVLWH$F‚F
E}±FWK¼FKLœQQK}VDX
• 1§WK¼FKLœQTXUHW±L'16VHUYHU~™WP~£DFKž,3YF´DKRVWWUzQVLWH$
*L€ V¹ ~£D FKž PƒQJ WU€ Y˜ O ^)3 7/$ [ 1/$
%$$`w£DFKžPWKRVWWURQJVLWH$F§GƒQJWL˜QW¬QK}WUzQY
PWJL‚WU£6/$Y,QWHUIDFH,'F§GƒQJE‘WN½
• *§LWLQ,3Y~}²FKQKWKQKY~}²FWUX˜QQK}WK{QJWK}®QJEzQWURQJ
KDLVLWHQW¸F‚FKRVW,3Y~›QF‚FURXWHUWR~}²FWUX˜QF‚FJ§LWLQ
- 60. • .KLF‚FURXWHUQQK’QWK‘~£DFKž~¢FKF§SKŽQWL˜QW¬ Q§V•
WK¼FKLœQF|FK›J¹LQK}VDX
w§QJJ§LJ§LWLQ,3YWKHRGƒQJ,3YY±LF‘XWU¶FJ§LWLQ,3Y~ÅP{W€¯WUzQ
WURQJ~§~£DFKž~¢FKF´DJ§LWLQ,3YQ~}²FO‘W¸ELWVF´DWU}®QJ9$''5
WURQJ~£DFKžFKž~¢FK,3YF´DJ§LWLQ,3Y6DX~§FKX™QJ§LWLQQK}JLDRWK»F
,3YWK{QJWK}®QJTXDF‚FJLDRWK»F~£QKWX›QF´D,3Y
w¬LY±LF‚FURXWHUEzQVLWH$VDXNKLQK’QF‚FJ§LWLQ,3YV•WK¼FKLœQF|FK›P¯
J§LQK}VDX
7K¼FKLœQNL™PWUDJL‚WU£F´DWU}®QJ3URWRFROWURQJSKŽQKHDGHUF´DJ§LWLQ
F§E„QJKDNK{QJ
1›XJL‚WU£Q V•WK¼FKLœQE¥SKŽQKHDGHUF´DJ§LWLQ,3YYO‘
SKŽQGDWDF´DJ§LWLQ,3YQOPWJ§LWLQ,3YVDX~§FKX™QWURQJ
ORFDOVLWHE„QJF‚FJLDRWK»F,3Y+QKVDXP{W€KRƒW~QJF´DTX‚WUQK
Q
IPv6 Site A
2002:CBA2:000A::/48
IPv4 Internet
Router 6to4
IPv4 Site A
203.162.0.10
Host IPv6 Host IPv6
Router 6to4
Host IPv6 Host IPv6
IPv4 Site B
9.254.253.252
IPv6 Site B
2002:09FE:FDFC::/48
+ŠQK n FKˆ p’QJ Pš J’L
3K~}QJWKÉFOÊDFKµQF‰FF}FK¦
w¬LY±LQKºQJQRGHV,3Y,3YSK€LF§SK}|QJWK»FO¼DFK¨QNKLQRJ¹L
J§LWLQ,3YNKLQRJ¹LJ§LWLQ,3YYNKLQRWK¼FKLœQDXWRPDWLFKRF
FRQILJXUHGWXQQHOLQJ1KºQJN¿WKX’WGXDO,3ODHUFRQILJXUHGWXQQHOLQJ
YDXWRPDWLFWXQQHOLQJV¹G·QJN›WK²SY±LQKDX‚FWU}®QJK²SF§WK™
[€UDQK}VDX
• *¹LJ§LWLQ,3YW±LW‘WF€F‚F~£DFKž~¢FK,3Y
• *¹LJ§LWLQ,3YW±LW‘WF€F‚F~£DFKž~¢FK,3YWUzQF³QJPWOLQN
• 6¹G·QJDXWRPDWLFWXQQHOLQJ*¹LF‚FJ§LWLQ,3Y~§QJJ§L,3YF§~£DFKž
~¢FKOGƒQJGƒQJ~£DFKž,3YFRPSDELOH
• *¹LF‚FJ§LWLQ,3YUDPƒQJQJRLPURXWHWURQJPƒQJ~§F§K«WU²,3Y
• *¹LF‚FJ§LWLQ,3YUDPƒQJQJRLV¹G·QJGHIDXOWWXQQHOLQJNKLNK{QJF§
URXWHK«WU²,3Y
‚FWKX’WWR‚QW}|QJ»QJY±LF‚FWU}®QJK²SQQK}VDX
1ˆXpŽDFK‹FŸDQRGHFX—LOqP˜WpŽDFK‹,3Y
1›X~£DFKž~¢FK~}²FORFDWHWUzQPWDWWDFKHGOLQNWKV•J¹LJ§LWLQ
,3YW±LQRGHFX¬L
- 63. F§F‚F
WQKKX¬QJVDX[€UD
1›X~§OPWURXWH,3YWKPWJ§LWLQ,3Y~}²F~§QJJ§L
GƒQJ,3Y~™WXQQHOTXDURXWHw£DFKž~¢FK,3YO~£DFKž,3YF´D
QRGHFX¬Lw¬LY±LJ§LWLQ,3Y~£DFKž~¢FKOELWVWK‘SF´D~£DFKž
GƒQJ,3YFRPSDWLEOH,3Yw£DFKžGDWDOLQNO~£DFKžGDWDOLQNF´D
URXWH,3Y
1›XOPWURXWH,3YQ„PWUzQ~}®QJOLQNWKJ§LWLQ~}²FJ¹L
W¸WUƒPQJX©QF§GƒQJJ§LWLQ,3Yw£DFKžQJX©QOPW~£DFKž
,3YF´DQRGHQK’QJ§LWLQw£DFKžGDWDOLQNO~£DFKž,3YF´DURXWH
1›XNK{QJNK{QJWK™N›WQ¬LY±LWUƒP~¢FKXQUHDFKDEOH
- 64. 1ˆXQRGHQKQOqP˜WQRGHWKX{Q,3YF’FtFWŠQKKX—QJVDX
1›XQRGHQK’QQ„PWUzQOLQNY±LQRGHJ¹LV•J¹LJ§LWLQGƒQJ,3Y
w£DFKž~¢FKO~£DFKž,3YF´DQRGHFX¬Lw£DFKžGDWDOLQNO~£DFKžF´D
QRGHFX¬L
1›XQRGHFX¬LNK{QJQ„PWUzQOLQNF§F‚FWQKKX¬QJVDX
1›XF§PWURXWH,3YWKJ§LWLQJ¹L~}²F~£QKGƒQJ,3Y
wLDFKž~¢FK,3YO~£DFKžF´DQRGHFX¬Lw£DFKžGDWDOLQNO~£DFKž
,3YF´DURXWH
1›X~£DFKž~¢FKF§WK™F§~}²FTXDFRQILJXUHGWXQQHOLQJY
F§PWURXWH,3Y~™N›WQ¬LUDQJRLWKJ§LWLQJ¹LV•~}²F~§QJJ§L
WKHR,3Yw£DFKž~¢FK,3YO~£DFKžF´DQRGHFX¬Lw£DFKž~¢FKF´D
J§LWLQ,3YO~£DFKž,3YF´DQRGHP¯J§Lw£DFKžGDWDOLQNO~£D
FKž,3YF´DURXWH,3Y
1›XNK{QJ~£DFKž~¢FKNK{QJWK™N›WQ¬LW±LXQUHDFKDEOH
- 66. 'ƒQJ~£D
FKžF´D
QRGH~¢FK
1RGH
~¢FK
WUzQ
OLQN
5RXWH
,3Y
WUzQ
OLQN
5RXWH
,3Y
WUzQ
OLQN
w£QK
GƒQJJ§L
WLQ~™
J¹L
'ƒQJ~£D
FKž~¢FK
,3Y
'ƒQJ~£D
FKž~¢FK
,SY
'ƒQJ~£D
FKž~¢FK
'OLQN
,3Y HV 1$ 1$ ,3Y 1$ ( (/
,3Y 1R HV 1$ ,3Y 1$ ( 5/
,3Y 1R 1R 1$ 815+ 1$ 1$ 1$
,SY
FRPSDW
HV 1$ 1$ ,3Y ( 1$ (/
,SY
FRPSDW
1R HV 1$ ,SY ( ( 5/
,3Y
FRPSDW
1R 1R HV ,3Y ( 1$ 5/
,3Y
FRPSDW
1R 1R 1R 815+ 1$ 1$ 1$
,3YRQO HV 1$ 1$ ,3Y ( 1$ (/
,3YRQO 1R 1$ HV ,3Y ( 1$ 5/
,3YRQO 1R HV 1R ,3Y ( 7 5/
,3YRQO 1R 1R 1R 815+ 1$ 1$ 1$
%rQJ 7’P WyW SKonQJ WK¦F O§D FK“Q Fn FKˆ FKX†Q p•L
K§WK“FK
• 1$.K{QJF§WURQJWK¼FW›
• (w£DFKž,3YF´DQRGHFX¬L
• (w£DFKž,3YF´DQRGHFX¬L
• (/w£DFKžGDWDOLQNF´DQRGHFX¬L
• 7w£DFKž,3YF´D~L™PP¯J§LWURQJWXQQHO
• 5w£DFKž,3YF´DURXWH
• 5w£DFKž,3YF´DURXWH
• 5/'ƒQJ~£DFKžGDWDOLQNF´DURXWH
• ,3Yw£QKGƒQJJ§LWLQ,3Y
• ,3Yw£QKGƒQJJ§LWLQ,3Y
• ,3Y,3Y*§LWLQ,3Y~}²F~§QJJ§LG}±LGƒQJ,3Y
• 815+*§LWLQNK{QJ~}²FJ¹L'HVWLQDWLRQLVXQUHDFKDEOH
- 71. National Firewall National Firewall
Routers Routers
DNS
Other serversCORE
network
Access
Network
Consumers'
Network
Internet
Other services
ISPs Customers end-users
+ŠQK tF OœS F{Q TX KRuFK FKR ,3Y
w™WUL™QNKDLPƒQJ,3YF‚FY‘Q~˜FŽQJL€LTX›W~¬LY±LP«LY³QJQ
EDRJ©P
• 4XLKRƒFKYF‘SSK‚WNK{QJJLDQ~£DFKž,3YFKRP«LY³QJ
• wxQJNÀF‚FVLWH,3Y
• L~W'16VHUYHUK«WU²,3Y
7ULŒQNKDLP{QJ,3YvLY¢LP{QJWUXQJWqP
,63FŽQSK€L[‚F~£QKF§QzQFL~WULzQJELœWF‚FURXWHUKRVWWKHRF|FK›
GXDOVWDFNKDFKžOQKºQJQRGHWKXŽQ,3Y4X›W~£QKQG¼DWUzQF‚F
N›WQ¬LW±LPƒQJWUXQJWyP‚FSK}|QJWK»F~£QKWX›QFŽQ~}²FFL~W~™
- 73. KRFWK{QJTXDF|FK›
WXQQHOLQJ1›XPƒQJFRUHK«WU²,3YYF‚F,63NK‚FFµQJK«WU²,3YWK
F§WK™F‘XKQKF‚FN›WQ¬LWU¼FWL›S,3YPNK{QJFŽQWK{QJTXDWXQQHO
KRFGXDOVWDFN
w©QJWK®LF‚F,63FµQJSK€LTX›W~£QKV¹G·QJPWKRFPWYLF‚F
URXWHUQ„P¯i~}®QJELzQjWURQJTX‚WUQKFKX™Q~ªLW¸PƒQJ,3YVDQJ
PƒQJ,3Y.K‚LQLœPi~}®QJELzQjQ~}²FKL™XQK}OF‚FURXWHUOF‚F
JDWHZD~§QJYDLWU¤O~L™PFKX™QWL›SJLºDPƒQJ,3YYPƒQJ,3Y
7ULŒQNKDLP{QJ,3YvLY¢LP{QJWUXQK…SF¥DNKzFKKwQJ
‚FNK‚FKKQJF´DP«L,63F§WK™WUXQK’SYRPƒQJTXD~}®QJGLDOXS
F‚FNK‚FKKQJJL‚QWL›S
- 75. 'RY’F§KDLY‘Q~˜FŽQJL€LTX›W~™WUL™QNKDLPƒQJ,3YQK}VDX
• ŽQSK€LQyQJF‘SF‚FURXWHU~™F‚FURXWHUQK«WU²GXDOVWDFN'RY’
~€PE€RF‚FF‚FNK‚FKKQJ,3YYNK‚FKKQJ,3Y~˜XF‚FWU€QxQJ
WUXQK’SYRPƒQJ
• +RFFL~WF‚FURXWHU,3YY,3YULzQJU•QKDX6DX~§WK¼FKLœQSKyQ
W‚FKF‚FNK‚FKKQJWKXFPƒQJ,3YV•WUXQK’STXDURXWHU,3YFµ
F¤Q F‚F NK‚FK KQJ P±L V• WUX QK’S TXD URXWHU ,3Y 1KºQJ DFFHVV
URXWHUQSK€LK«WU²F‚FN›WQ¬LW±LPƒQJ,3YWRQFŽX1›XPƒQJFRUH
NK{QJK«WU²,3YFŽQSK€LFL~WF‚FF|FK›FKX™Q~ªLGXDOVWDFNKD
WXQQHOLQJ
- 84. '†QK FKR F‰F 1/$ ,' J‰Q ¯D
FK© F‰F F‰F NK‰FK K†QJ FX¹L
+ŠQK iŽD FK‹ O~ W£ 6XE7/$
1K}Y’SKŽQSUHIL[F´DF‚F7/$,63V•OELWVELWV)3ELWV7/$
F´DWªFK»F[LQF‘S~£DFKž,3ELWVJ‚QFKR7/$,63
- 86. NK‚FKKQJw€PE€RF‚FNK‚FKKQJF´DF‚F1/$,63V•F§SKŽQ~£QK
GDQKWL˜QW¬F§FKL˜XGLELWV+QKVDXPLQKKRƒF|FK›Q
3 13 13 19 16 64
FP TLA ID sub-TLA NLA ID SLA ID Interface ID
NLA ISP prefix
3K‰Q p QK GDQK FzF NKzFK
KwQJ FXªL GR FzF 1/$ ,63 FŒS
'wQK FKR FzF NKzFK KwQJ FXªL SKkQ
KR{FK p D FKš
+ŠQK iŽD FK‹ O~ W£ 1/$
0žWVY“G¨Y‹F„SYwSKqQE›v”DFK‘,3Y
9LG¨Y‹YLFSKqQE›v”DFK‘,3Y
9'~§QJYDLWU¤OPWQKFXQJF‘S~£DFKž,3YFKRF‚FWKXzEDRWURQJ
PƒQJ,QWHUQHWF´D9LœW1DP9±LYDLWU¤QK}Y’9'OPW7/$,63
4X‚WUQK[LQF‘SYSKyQEª~£DFKžGLšUDQK}VDX
• 9'WK¼FKLœQzXFŽX[LQF‘S~£DFKžTXDPWWªFK»F7/$9¢G·TXD
%RQHRPPXQLW§7/$,'O))(
- 96. R1
R3 R4 R5
R2
I1 I2
I3
links links links
links
3FFE:1234:5678::/48
+ŠQK 9 G¢ F~S SKtW pŽD FK‹ ,3Y
5@OF‚FURXWHU
,@OF‚F,QWHUIDFHWUzQ5RXWHU*L€V¹U„QJV¬O}²QJF‚FKRVWN›WQ¬L
YRF‚FURXWHUF‚FOLQNV