3. Lesson Objectives Cellular Respiration f) Define aerobic g) anaerobic respiration Write word equations for each type. h) Removal of lactic acid in muscles when anaerobic respiration occurs. Respiration Gaseous exchange in lungs b) State characteristics of gaseous exchange surface of the alveoli. c) Describe removal of carbon dioxide from lungs including role of carbonic anhydrase enzyme. i) Describe the effect of tobacco smoke and its major toxic components. Mechanism of breathing a) Identify parts of the respiratory tract. e) Describe role of cilia, diaphragm, ribs and intercostal muscles.
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5. What’s the difference? (Pg 194) http://www.teachhealthk-12.uthscsa.edu/studentresources/AnatomyofBreathing3.swf
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8. W hat are some of the uses of energy in our body? protein synthesis active transport g r o w t h muscle contractions Passage of nerve impulses
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10. W here do we get our energy from? In , there are many These mitochondria = Respiration in mitochondria of living cells releases energy. (*Release NOT Produce)
13. Types of Respiration Aerobic Anaerobic Aerobic Respiration is the oxidation of glucose or another organic chemical in the presence of oxygen with the release of large amount of energy. Carbon dioxide and water are released as waste products. Anaerobic Respiration is breakdown of glucose or another organic chemical in the absence of oxygen. Lesser energy is released.
14. Aerobic Respiration is the oxidation of glucose or another organic chemical in the presence of oxygen with the release of large amount of energy . Carbon dioxide and water are released as waste products. Aerobic Respiration
18. Anaerobic Respiration is breakdown of glucose or another organic chemical in the absence of oxygen . Lesser energy is released. Anaerobic Respiration
19. Anaerobic Respiration Glucose Lactic acid + small amount of energy (2 moles ATP) Glucose Ethanol + carbon dioxide + small amount of energy Mammals Plants
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28. 2.5 What is oxygen debt and recovery period? Oxygen consumed during exercise Oxygen debt Oxygen consumed during rest
31. Investigation 1 Aim: To find out whether carbon dioxide is given off during respiration Caustic potash solution Limewater Germinating seeds Limewater
32. 1. You need to set up a control. What would you put in the conical flask? 2. What purpose does the caustic potash solution serve? 3. What purpose does the limewater serve? 4. What happens to the limewater in C after some time? Explain your answers. Hint: caustic potash solution is potassium hydroxide Boiled seeds To absorb carbon dioxide To ensure that there is no more carbon dioxide present in the air supplied to the seeds White ppt formed. Germinating seeds give out carbon dioxide during respiration.
34. Lesson Objectives Cellular Respiration f) Define aerobic g) anaerobic respiration Write word equations for each type. h) Removal of lactic acid in muscles when anaerobic respiration occurs. Respiration Gaseous exchange in lungs b) State characteristics of gaseous exchange surface of the alveoli. c) Describe removal of carbon dioxide from longs including role of carbonic anhydrase enzyme. i) Describe the effect of tobacco smoke and its major toxic components. Mechanism of breathing a) Identify parts of the respiratory tract. e) Describe role of cilia, diaphragm, ribs and intercostal muscles.
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36. Path of Air Through the Respiratory System atmosphere
37. Path of Air Through the Respiratory System atmosphere external nostril external nostril
38. Path of Air Through the Respiratory System atmosphere external nostril nasal passages external nostril nasal passages
39. Path of Air Through the Respiratory System atmosphere external nostril nasal passages pharynx external nostril pharynx nasal passages
40. Path of Air Through the Respiratory System atmosphere external nostril nasal passages pharynx larynx external nostril larynx pharynx nasal passages
41. Path of Air Through the Respiratory System atmosphere external nostril nasal passages pharynx larynx trachea external nostril trachea larynx pharynx nasal passages
42. Path of Air Through the Respiratory System atmosphere external nostril nasal passages pharynx larynx trachea bronchi external nostril trachea larynx pharynx bronchi nasal passages
43. Path of Air Through the Respiratory System atmosphere external nostril nasal passages pharynx larynx trachea bronchi bronchioles external nostril trachea larynx pharynx bronchi bronchioles nasal passages
45. W hat are the differences b/w inspired & expired air? 21 % 16 % 0.03 % 4.0 % 78 % 78 % unsaturated saturated variable about body temp. variable little, if any Inspired air Expired air Oxygen Carbon dioxide Nitrogen Water vapour Temperature Dust particles
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49. Air passes the epiglottis and enters the lungs via the trachea Nostrils Nasal cavity Epiglottis Trachea
50. Gas exchange system in Human The lungs are the organs involved in gaseous exchange. The trachea is supported by C-shaped rings of cartilage which ensures that it is always kept open. Larynx Trachea C-shaped rings of cartilages Lung
51. Gas exchange system in Human The trachea is branched into 2 tubes, the bronchi , one to each lung. Larynx Trachea C-shaped rings of cartilages Bronchus (plural: bronchi) Bronchioles Lung
52. At the end of the bronchioles are clusters of air sacs ( alveoli )
53. Gas exchange system in Human Between the ribs are 2 sets of muscles, external and internal intercostal muscles . When the external intercostal muscles contracts , internal intercostal muscles relaxes . The diaphragm is a dome-shaped sheet of muscle and elastic tissue. Ribs Intercostal muscles Diaphragm
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56. A spirometer can be used to measure the amount of air taken in during inspiration.
63. Lesson Objectives Cellular Respiration f) Define aerobic g) anaerobic respiration Write word equations for each type. h) Removal of lactic acid in muscles when anaerobic respiration occurs. Respiration Gaseous exchange in lungs b) State characteristics of gaseous exchange surface of the alveoli. c) Describe removal of carbon dioxide from lungs including role of carbonic anhydrase enzyme. i) Describe the effect of tobacco smoke and its major toxic components. Mechanism of breathing a) Identify parts of the respiratory tract. e) Describe role of cilia, diaphragm, ribs and intercostal muscles.
64. What is the structure of an alveolus? 7) Oxygenated blood (joining pulmonary vein) 3) Thin film of moisture 4) Thin alveolus epithelium 8) Red blood cell 5) Thin capillary wall 6) Deoxygenated blood (from pulmonary artery) 1) Bronchiole 2) Alveolar cavity
65. Gaseous exchange takes place between blood capillary and alveolus. Red blood cell Blood capillary Blood plasma Alveolus Tissue fluid Deoxygenated blood Oxygenated blood Air movement Film of water
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69. How is the alveoli adapted for its function? Feature Function Numerous alveoli Large SA for gas exchange Thin walls of alveoli Rapid diffusion of gases Thin film of moisture Oxygen can dissolve Dense capillary network Rapid and efficient gas exchange
87. Lesson Objectives Cellular Respiration f) Define aerobic g) anaerobic respiration Write word equations for each type. h) Removal of lactic acid in muscles when anaerobic respiration occurs. Respiration Gaseous exchange in lungs b) State characteristics of gaseous exchange surface of the alveoli. c) Describe removal of carbon dioxide from lungs including role of carbonic anhydrase enzyme. i) Describe the effect of tobacco smoke and its major toxic components. Mechanism of breathing a) Identify parts of the respiratory tract. e) Describe role of cilia, diaphragm, ribs and intercostal muscles.
Notas do Editor
The energy is stored for later use by making a specia l “energy-rich” molecule called Adenosine TriPhosphate (ATP).
Too much lactic acid, is poisonous. Just like too much ethanol in body. Kills brain cells
Figure 10.8 page 202
Figure 10.8 page 202
Figure 10.8 page 202
Figure 10.8 page 202
Figure 10.8 page 202
Figure 10.8 page 202
Figure 10.8 page 202
Figure 10.8 page 202
Figure 10.8 page 202
TIBBLAD
Carbonic acid is an intermediate step in the transport of CO 2 out of the body via respiratory gas exchange . The hydration reaction of CO 2 is generally very slow in the absence of a catalyst, but red blood cells contain carbonic anhydrase , which both increases the reaction rate and dissociates a hydrogen ion (H + ) from the resulting carbonic acid, leaving bicarbonate (HCO 3 - ) dissolved in the blood plasma . This catalysed reaction is reversed in the lungs, where it converts the bicarbonate back into CO 2 and allows it to be expelled. This equilibration plays an important role as a buffer in mammalian blood. [1]
Carbonic acid is an intermediate step in the transport of CO 2 out of the body via respiratory gas exchange . The hydration reaction of CO 2 is generally very slow in the absence of a catalyst, but red blood cells contain carbonic anhydrase , which both increases the reaction rate and dissociates a hydrogen ion (H + ) from the resulting carbonic acid, leaving bicarbonate (HCO 3 - ) dissolved in the blood plasma . This catalysed reaction is reversed in the lungs, where it converts the bicarbonate back into CO 2 and allows it to be expelled. This equilibration plays an important role as a buffer in mammalian blood. [1]
Carbonic acid is an intermediate step in the transport of CO 2 out of the body via respiratory gas exchange . The hydration reaction of CO 2 is generally very slow in the absence of a catalyst, but red blood cells contain carbonic anhydrase , which both increases the reaction rate and dissociates a hydrogen ion (H + ) from the resulting carbonic acid, leaving bicarbonate (HCO 3 - ) dissolved in the blood plasma . This catalysed reaction is reversed in the lungs, where it converts the bicarbonate back into CO 2 and allows it to be expelled. This equilibration plays an important role as a buffer in mammalian blood. [1]