2. capsicum
Made by :
Khloud A.Elbaset
under supervision
of
Prof. Dr. /
MOHAMED
ELSAYED
3. Introduction
Family : capsicum (the name it came
from )
Molecular Formula: C18H27NO3
IUPAC Name : 8-Methyl-N-vanillyl-trans-
6-nonenamide
Molecular Mass :305.41 g/mol
Appearance : colorless crystalline or
hydrophobic (waxy) compound
Melting point: 62 - 65 °C
5. Uses
Food
Because of the burning sensation caused
by capsaicin when it comes in contact with
human flesh, it is commonly used in food
products to give them added spice.
Hot sauce is an example of a product
customarily containing large
amounts of capsaicin and may contain chili
peppers
6. Medical uses
Capsaicin is currently used:
1.In ointments to relieve the pain of
peripheral neuropathy such as post-
herpetic neuralgia caused by shingles. It
may be used in concentrations of between
0.025% and 0.075%
2.It may also be used as a cream for the
temporary relief of minor aches and pains
of muscles and joints associated with
arthritis, simple backache.
7. 3. may cause weight loss :Past research
suggests that obesity can be reduced by
preventing immature fat cells (adipocytes) from
developing into mature cells.
4. capsaicin is being explored as a cure for
diabetes by researchers in Toronto, Canada.
Capsaicin was injected into pancreatic sensory
nerves of mice with Type 1 diabetes because of
a suspected link between the nerves and
diabetes, & it is also has a role in controlling
type 11 diabetes …….
5. The American Association for Cancer Research
reports studies suggesting capsaicin is able to
kill prostate cancer cells by causing them to
8. Mechanism of action
A. Feeling pain :
Capsaicin, as a member of the vanilloid family,
binds to a receptor called the vanilloid
receptor(VR1)
By binding to the VR1, result in "depolarization"
of the neuron stimulates it to release a
neurotransmitter signal the brain ( feel pain or
burn sensation )…
9. B. Desensitization
With chronic exposure to capsaicin, neurons are
depleted of neurotransmitters. This leads to
reduction in sensation of pain and blockade of
neurogenic inflammation. If capsaicin is
removed, the neurons recover.
11. Mech. Of diabetes control :
In Type1 diabetes
Scientists “Doctor Dosch” found that islet cells
in diabetics were surrounded by an "enormous"
number of pain nerves that signaled the brain
that the pancreatic tissue was damaged ; thus
the pancreas fails to produce sufficient levels of
insulin, causing inflammation and death of
insulin-producing islet cells in the pancreas.
To test their theory, they injected capsaicin into
mice that had Type 1 diabetes, to kill the
animals' pancreatic pain nerves. The
researchers said they were stunned to discover
that the injected mice's islet cells began
producing insulin normally almost immediately.
12. N.B :Capsaicin "high“
The "capsaicin high" is a euphoric:
As It is theorized that the pain induced by
capsaicin causes the human body to release
endorphins. Eventually, enough are released
to create a sensation that is frequently
compared to "runner's high".
13. Practical experiment
Tools :
a. Capsaicin extraction:
1) Finely chop/grind the peppers
2) Add solvent, allow capsaicin to dissolve in it.
3) Filter, evaporate filtrate.
b. 4 gps of 5 rats
14. Method :
1. 4 gps of 5 rats ( control , 3 diabetic ).
a. control with normal BGL eats normally .
b. gp2 diabetic rats with diet control .
c. gp3 diabetic rats taking insulin treatment
d. gp4 diabetic rats taking capsaicin.
2. Insulin and capsaicin administration :
Two injections daily of a mixture of insulin or
capsaicin 50mg/kg (before breakfast and the
main evening meal)
Injections by syringe are usually given into the
deep SC tissue through a two-finger pinch of
skin at a 45° angle
15. Gp 1 gp2 gp3
gp4
Control diabetic diabetic
diabetic
16. Tests :
1. blood glucose level :
a.fasting blood glucose level
b. postprandial glucose level
2. HTRF® Insulin assay: The assay is a
sandwich immunoassay that uses two
monoclonal antibodies, one labeled with Eu3+-
Cryptate and one labeled with XL665 that
recognize distinct epitopes. The assay is
performed in a single step and only requires one
incubation
17. Results
Test Control gp2 gp3 gp4
BGL:
a. FBG 80mg/dl 180mg/dl 140mg/dl 90mg/dl
b. PPGL 110mg/dl 200mg/dl 100mg/dl 115mg/dl
+ + + +ve -ve + +ve + + +ve
Insulin test
19. Conclusion :
In case of diabetes type 1 ( insulin
dependent diabetes ) capsaicin is used for
treatment of pancreatic neurons
inflammation result in producing insulin
normally again .