This document discusses urine toxicology testing for drugs of abuse. It describes the types of drugs that can be detected through urine testing, including amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cannabinoids, cocaine, methadone, opiates, and PCP. It outlines the normal detection windows for these drugs in urine and discusses specimen collection and screening versus confirmatory testing methods. The document also addresses issues like interferences, adulterants that can produce false negatives, and challenges in drug testing. It provides details on opiate detection specifically and introduces the Ameritox Rx Guardian urine drug monitoring program.

1. Urine Toxicology 9/22/11

11. 3. SCREENING, CONT ’D

12. 3. CONFIRMATION CONT ’D.

21. 6. Detection of Opiates A partial listing of opiates and opiate agonist compounds that are often abused Nonproprietary Name (trade name) Half-Life a(h) and/or Comments Unwanted Effects Morphine sulphate (AVINZA) 3-4 Sedation, respiratory depression, constipation, nausea, vomiting, tolerance and dependence Diamorphine (Heroine) Rapid metabolized to 6-monacetylmorphine Same as morphine and then to morphine. Acts more rapidly than morphine, metabolized to morphine Hydromorphone (DILAUDID) 2-4 Same as morphine Methadone (DOLOPHINE) >24 Same as morphine Pentazocine lactate (TALWIN) 2-4 Dysphoria Fentanyl (ACTIQ) 1-2 Same as morphine Codeine phosphate Acts as a precusor drug, metabolized to Mainly constipation morphine and other active opiods Hydrocodone (Vicodin, Lorcet) Pain relief and cough suppressant Same as morphine Oxycodone HCL (OXYCONTIN) ~ 3.5 Same as morphine Naloxone (NARCAN) Opioid antagonist Meperidine, also pethidine (DEMEROL) ~ 3.5 Nausea, vomiting, tremor, seizures Propoxyphene HCL (DARVON) 1-2 Similar to other opioids and also the f ollowing: KG changes, ototoxicity, delusions, hallucinations,seizure, and confusion Tramadol (ULTRAM) 4-6 Dizziness and convulsions