Green Technology: Opportunities and Challenges in the USA and Japan

1. “ Green Technology ” Opportunities and Challenges in the USA and Japan August 26, 2009 Pacific Dreams, Inc. 25260 SW Parkway Avenue, Suite D Wilsonville, OR 97070

2. ＜ Today’s Agenda ＞ ❖ 6 Major Frameworks of Green Technology ❖ Green Device: Indispensable Components for Green Technology ❖ Opportunities and Challenges in the USA and Japan

3. < 6 Frameworks of Green Technology > ❖ Energy Generation ❖ Energy Management ❖ Energy Storage ❖ Materials ❖ Industrial Processes ❖ Transportation

4. < Energy Generation > ❖ Energy means “Renewable Energy” ❖ Direct Energy Generation vs. Fuels ❖ Solar Power: PV (Houses & Buildings) & Large Scale Solar Thermo Projects ❖ Wind Power: Most Cost Efficient Renew- able Energy Generation at Present ❖ Biomass: Waste Materials & Unused Materials  Bio-Fuels & Bio-Gases

5. < Energy Management > ❖ Power Line’s Distributed Network Systems  Energy’s Computerization ❖ Creating a new Power Protocol for Energy Management  Standardization ❖ Smart Meter  Demand Side Management at Household ❖ Wireless Power Transmission  Creation of Another Internet Packet ❖ Concept of “Smart Grid” & “Micro Grid”

6. < Energy Storage > ❖ Advanced Battery Technology: Various Rechargeable Batteries (Nickel-Hydrogen Battery, Li (Lithium)-Ion Battery) ❖ Battery of Electric Vehicle (EV)  Memory of Household Power Management ❖ Experiments at Bornholm Island in Denmark Initiated by IBM and Siemens ❖ Needs Business Model Creation using Batteries in Social Infrastructure Systems

7. < Materials > ❖ LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environ- mental Design) by USGBC (US Green Building Council) as Green Building Rating Systems ❖ LEED Certification: Internationally Recognized Standard for Measuring Green Building Sustainability ❖ Platinum: 52 or higher, Gold: 39-51, Silver: 33-38 out of 69

8. < Industrial Processes > ❖ Recycling Items: Paper, PET Bottles, Cans, Glass, Plastics, Ferrous/Non-Ferrous Metals, Home Electronics, Automobile, Batteries, Biodegradable Waste, Clothing, Timber, Texture, Aggregates and Concrete ❖ Water Reprocessing and Reuse

9. < Transportation > ❖ Hybrid Car, Plug-in Hybrid Car, EV, Solar Car, Hydrogen Car ❖ Solar Cargo Ship ❖ Masdar City Project in Abu Dhabi, UAE Complete by 2015 with CO 2 Zero Emission using LRT and PRT

10. < GREEN DEVICE: Smart Meter > ❖ GE’s Smart Grid Services: Smart Meter, Software Solution for Control & Management and Monitoring/ Sensing Systems ❖ Smart Meter: AMI (Advanced Metering Infrastructure) Solution ❖ Smart Energy Alliance: GE, Cap Gemini, Cisco Systems, Google, HP, Intel, Oracle ❖ Google PowerMeter: PC Soft for Household Electricity

11. < GREEN DEVICE: PV Module > ❖ Poly Silicon  Wafers  Cell  Module (Panel)  PV Generation Systems ❖ Bill of Materials for PV Cell: Cover Glass, Electrode, Sealed Material, Back Seat, Films ❖ Peripheral Devices for PV Generation: Micro Inverter, Power Conditioner & BOS (Balance of Systems) Components ❖ BOS: Combiner, Cable Assembly, Fuse Box, Current Monitor, Mounter, Safety Switch, Tracker

12. < GREEN DEVICE: Solar Cell Efficiency > ❖ Mono (Single) Silicon: 17 ~ 20% ❖ Poly Silicon: 15 ~ 18% ❖ Thin Films Silicon: 6 ~12% ❖ CIS (Copper Indium Selenide) : 9 ~ 12% ❖ CdTe (Cadmium Telluride): 10.9% ❖ 1% Increase of Conversion Efficiency could Reduce 8% of total PV System Costs

13. < GREEN DEVICE: Quantum DoT TYPE > ❖ Maximum Silicon’s Conversion Efficiency: 30% (Currently 23% by Sanyo) ❖ Next Generation Solar Cell Technology  Quantum Dot Type ❖ Current Record by Quantum Dot: 16.1% by University of Tokyo ❖ Theoretically 60% Efficiency Possible ❖ Substrate is Indium Arsenide, instead of Silicon

14. < GREEN DEVICE: WIND Power > ❖ Bill of Materials for Wind Turbine: Blades Electrical Generator, Controller, Gear Box Bearing, Insulators Nacelle, Steel Tower Rotor, Anemometer (High-speed & Low- speed) Shafts, Brake ❖ Combine with Sto- rage Batteries

15. < Major Solar Cell Players > ❖ 2005: Total 1,728 Mega Watts No.1 Sharp (24.8%), No. 2 Q-Cells (9.3%) No. 3 Kyocera (8.2%) No. 4 Sanyo (7.2%) No. 5 Mitsubishi (5.8%) ❖ 2008: Total 6,941 Mega Watts No. 1 Q-Cells (8.2%) No.2 First Solar (7.3%) No. 3 Suntech Power (7.2%) N0. 4 Sharp (6.8%) No. 5 Motech (5.5%) No. 6 Kyocera (4.2%)

16. < US/Japan Opportunities > ❖ US: Strength of Continuous Innovation through R & D and Strategic Investment for New Technology in Systematic and Integrated Manner  Creating Large Markets and Global Standards ❖ Japan: Strength of Each Component and Substrate Manufacturing Technology through Customer-driven Approach  Consensus Building

17. < US/Japan Challenges > ❖ US: Cost of Manufacturing, Changing People’s Mindset and Behavior, Federal & Local Government Policies & Leadership, HR Development for New Skills, Competition with China & India ❖ Japan: Risk Aversion Mindset, Bureaucratic Approach, Political Uncertainty, Weak Sense of Strategic Investment, Competition with Asian Countries

18. “ Green Technology ” Opportunities and Challenges in the USA and Japan Thank You! Ken Sakai [email_address] www.pacificdreams.org