M4M 2 the Rescue of M2M (Eclipse DemoCamp Trondheim)

M4M 2 the Rescue of
M2M
Werner Keil
Eclipse DemoCamp Trondheim
28th August 2013
Standards for
The Internet of
Things

Overview
•
Introduction
•
Sensors
• Historic IT Errors and Bugs
• UOMo, Unit-API, UCUM
• Sensor Web, SensorML
•
Demo
•
M2M
• Use Cases, Framework, Protocols, Tools
•
NFC
• Use Cases, Adoption, OpenNFC
•
Other Trends
•
Java ME Embedded Standards
•
Q&A
2 © 2007-2013 Creative Arts & Technologies

Who am I?
Werner Keil
•
Consultant – Coach
•
Creative Cosmopolitan
•
Open Source Evangelist
•
Software Architect
•
Java Godfather
•
UOMo Project Lead
•
Mærsk DevOps Guy
…
Email werner@catmedia.us
Twitter @wernerkeil

Java Godfather?

Measure for Measure
Mistaking a
Pirate…
Images © Copyright 2011 Getty Images

Measure for Measure
For a hero
of the story...
Images © Copyright 2012 The Old Globe, San Diego CA

Measure for Measure
Mistaking a
Duke…

Measure for Measure
For a
friar...
Images based on poster created for the Oregon Shakespeare Festival © 2011 by Jeff Rauch

Type-Safety
•
Java does not have strongly typed base types
(like e.g. Ada or Smalltalk).
• This could change around Java 10 or 11
(based on Oracle Road Map and statements)
•
For performance reasons most developer prefer
primitive types over objects in their interface.
•
Primitive type arguments can more easily lead to
name clashes (methods with the same signature)
or other problems (“Auto-Boxing”,…)

What do these disasters have in
common?
•
Patriot Missile
The cause was an inaccurate calculation of the time since boot due to a
computer arithmetic error.
•
Ariane 5 Explosion
Floating point number which a value was converted from had a value
greater than what would be represented by a 16 bit signed integer.
•
Gimli Glider (near disaster)
Fuel loading was miscalculated through misunderstanding of the recently
adopted Metric System, replacing the Imperial System in Canada

•
Mars Orbiter
Preliminary findings indicate that one team used US/English units
(e.g. inches, feet and pounds) while the other used metric units for
a key spacecraft operation.
• NASA lost a $125 million Mars orbiter because a Lockheed Martin engineering team
used English units of measurement while the agency's team used the more
conventional metric system for a key spacecraft operation
•
A credible source disclosed, there was a manual step with an outsourced person to
convert these calculations between the different teams, and NASA budget cuts caused
them to fire him and have the wrong, unpatched data transmitted!!!
• This also underlines the added risk when 3rd party contractors are involved or projects
are developed Offshore
What do these disasters have in
common?

23rd March 1983. Ronald Reagan
announces SDI (or “Star Wars”): ground-
based and space-based systems to
protect the US from attack by strategic
nuclear ballistic missiles.
NASA “Star Wars” Initiative, 1983

1985: Why did Shuttle belly-flop?

Unit Tests wouldn‘t find these…
•
All previous examples illustrate three categories of
errors difficult to find through Unit Testing:
• Interface Errors (e.g. millisecond/second, radian/degree, meters/feet).
• Arithmetic Errors (e.g. overflow).
• Conversion Errors.
Despite their name
14 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies Images © Copyright, American Shakespeare Center

Causes of Conversion Errors
•
Ambiguity on the unit
• Gallon Dry / Gallon Liquid - Gallon US / Gallon UK
• Day Sidereal / Day Calendar
• Foot in various regions, at least historically, see: http
://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_obsolete_units_of_measurement#Fu.C3.9F_.
28foot.29
• Degree Celsius / Degree Fahrenheit
•
Did you know that Gabriel Fahrenheit was born in Gdansk (Danzig) in northern
Poland?
• ...
•
Wrong conversion factors:
static final double PIXEL_TO_INCH = 1 / 72;
double pixels = inches * PIXEL_TO_INCH

All of them happened in Mobile,
Real Time or Embedded
systems!
What else do they have in common?

Measurement Package
•
Namespace: org.osgi.util.measurement
•
SI only Unit API “in the closet”
• Unit
Essentially an SI singleton holding relevant unit constants, too.
• Measurement
Represents a value with an error, a unit and a time-stamp.
• State
Groups a state name, value and time-stamp
•
Little usage, e.g. Automotive; no further support
► by OSGi, dropped in V5
OSGi

•
Namespace: javax.microediton.sensor*
•
Focusing on Sensors, but it got a minimalistic Unit
API “in the closet”
• Unit
Essentially an SI singleton holding relevant unit constants, too.
JavaDoc: http://pandora.la/java/javadocs/sensor/javax/microedition/sensor/Unit.html
• ChannelInfo
Holding name, accuracy, data type,measurement ranges, scale and unit
• MeasurementRange
Range of possible values from minimum to maximum
► Dead Meat (few actual handsets and no vendors except Nokia still
use it, nor does Java ME Embedded)
JSR-256
Mobile Sensor API

•
Namespace: javax.measure.*
•
Only one interface and one abstract class
• public interface Measurable<Q extends Quantity>
• public abstract class Measure<V, Q extends Quantity>
•
Three sub-packages
• quantity (holds dimensions mass, length)
• unit (holds the SI and NonSI units)
• converter (holds unit converters)
JSR-275
Units Specification

•
Namespace: org.unitsofmeasurement.*
•
Only interfaces (and exception classes)
• public interface Quantity<Q extends Quantity<Q>>
• public interface Unit<Q extends Quantity<Q>>
•
Three sub-packages
• quantity (holds dimensions mass, length,...)
• unit (holds units)
• service (holds services)
The King is Dead…
Units of Measurement API

Eclipse UOMo
One Small Step…

One Unit Framework to Measure them All
•
Namespace: org.eclipse.uomo.*
•
Two main areas
• Static Type Safe Units of Measure Support
•
Based on Units of Measurement API
●
On top of ICU4J, the Globalization standard at Eclipse and
others (Android, GWT, Google Financial, etc.)
► Next major update to Unicode CLDR will add unit support!
• Prime UCUM Implementation
•
Successor to Eclipse OHF UCUM Bundle
Eclipse UOMo

Unified Code for Units of Measure
The Unified Code for Units of Measure is inspired by
and heavily based on
•
ISO 2955-1983
•
ANSI X3.50-1986
•
HL7's extensions called ISO+
UOMo UCUM

JSR 354 Implementation
“Sisu” equivalent for 354 if
you want
•
ICU4J based implementation of types like
• CurrencyUnit
• MonetaryAmount
• CurrencyConverter
• ExchangeRate
• …
•
Bridge to Unit-API where possible for cross-quantity
arithmetic (e.g. “$ per gram CO² per mile”)
UOMo Business

“A coordinated observation infrastructure composed of a distributed collection of
resources that can collectively behave as a single, autonomous, task-able,
dynamically adaptive and reconfigurable observing system that provides raw and
processed data, along with associated meta-data, via a set of standards-based
service-oriented interfaces.” (Glenn, 2007)
Sensor Web | What is
it?

OGC O&M Observations & Measurements Approved
SensorML Sensor Model Language Approved
TransducerML Transducer Model Language Approved
OGC SOS Sensor Observations Service Approved
OGC SPS Sensor Planning Service Approved
OGC SAS Sensor Alert Service In progress
OGC WNS Web Notification Services In progress
Sensor Web | OpenGIS Standards
•
SW Enablement working group at OGC have
developed a number of standards governing
different aspects of Sensor Web

28
Sensor Web | What is the OGC?
• Not-for-profit
• International industry consortium
• Founded 1994, currently 340+ members
• Open Standards development by consensus process
OGC Mission
To lead in the development, promotion and
harmonization of open spatial standards …
28 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies©

Sensor Web | Mozambique floods
•
The task under study is floods in different parts of
the world
•
Particular test case was flooding of Mozambique
29 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies©

SensorML
•
Sensor modeling language is the cornerstone of
all SW services
•
It provides comprehensive description of sensor
parameters and capabilities
•
It can be used for describing different kind of
sensors:
–
Stationary or dynamic
–
Remote or in-situ
–
Physical measurements or simulations

SensorML | Example
..............
<inputs>
<InputList>
<input name="ambiantTemperature">
<swe:Quantity definition=
"urn:ogc:def:phenomenon:temperature"/>
</input>
<input name="atmosphericPressure">
"urn:ogc:def:phenomenon:pressure"/>
</input>
<input name="windSpeed">
"urn:ogc:def:phenomenon:windSpeed"/>
</input>
</InputList>
</inputs>
..............
.............
<outputs>
<OutputList>
<output name="weatherMeasurements">
<swe:DataGroup>
<swe:component name="time">
<swe:Time
definition="urn:ogc:def:phenomenon:time“
uom="urn:ogc:def:unit:iso8601"/>
</swe:component>
<swe:component name="temperature">
<swe:Quantity
definition="urn:ogc:def:phenomenon:temperature
uom="urn:ogc:def:unit:celsius"/>
</swe:component>
<swe:component name="barometricPressure">
<swe:Quantity
definition="urn:ogc:def:phenomenon:pressure“
uom="urn:ogc:def:unit:bar" scale="1e-3"/>
</swe:component>
<swe:component name="windSpeed">
<swe:Quantity
definition="urn:ogc:def:phenomenon:windSpeed“
uom="urn:ogc:def:unit:meterPerSecond"/>
</swe:component>
</swe:DataGroup>
</output>
</OutputList>
</outputs>
.............

Transportation & Logistics
Logistics
Medical &
Healthcare
Industrial &
Energy
Communication
Infrastructure
Security & Surveillance
•
Public/Private Cloud Deployment Infrastructures
Internet
of Things
M2M | Integrated Processes
32 © 2007-2013 Creative Arts & Technologies Eclipse Foundation, Inc. Made available under the Eclipse Public License 1.0,

•
Barrier-type bolt seal
•
RFID: ID-number + integrity
•
Bar code
•
Battery 1 year transmitting
•
50 cycles
•
Range up to 50 meters
•
915 MHz + 2.4 GHz
•
Data transmission rate 500 kbps
•
Storage 64 bytes
RFID e-Seal Example
33 © 2005-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies, Prof. Jens Froese – TU Hamburg-Harburg
M2M | Smart Container

Open ecosystem for M2M
Third Party Ecosystem
Open M2M application
framework and runtimes
Open M2M communication
protocols
Internet of
Things
Open M2M
development tools
…
34 © 2007-2013 Creative Arts & Technologies, Eclipse Foundation, Inc. Made available under the Eclipse Public License 1.0

A Publish Subscribe messaging protocol allowing a message to be published once and multiple consumers
(applications / devices) to receive the message providing decoupling between the producer and consumer(s)
A producer sends (publishes) a message (publication) on a topic (subject)
A consumer subscribes (makes a subscription) for messages on a topic (subject)
A message server / broker matches publications to subscriptions
• If no matches the message is discarded
• If one or more matches the message is delivered to each matching subscriber/consumer
MQTT - Publish Subscribe Messaging
35 © 2007-2013 Creative Arts & Technologies, Eclipse Foundation, Inc. Made available under the Eclipse Public License 1.0

> Exchange photos
> Get your e-ticket
> Pay without cash
> Redeem coupons
> Get your Receipt
NFC
> Pass the gate
> Read a map from
interactive billboard
NFC
NFC
NFC | Use Cases

Chiuaua Driving License: ISO 15693
Toronto Payment: ISO 14443-B & ISO 15693
Sao Paulo Transport: ISO 14443A
Singapore Transport : Felica, ISO 14443B
Paris Transport : ISO 14443B
Tokyo Transport:
FelicaTM
London Transport : ISO 14443A
San Francisco Transport: ISO 14443B
Shenzen Transport : ISO 14443B
Hong Kong Transport: FelicaTM
Seoul Transport : ISO 14443A
Japan ID Card: ISO 14443B
US Payment: ISO 14443-B & ISO 14443A
US Access Control: ISO 15693
Pakistan Passport: ISO 14443B
New Delhi Transport:FelicaTM
NFC | Where to use this technology
Dubai RTA
Denmark (Rejsekort), Sweden, Norway, SAS Smart Pass
Moscow, St. Petersburg Metro

Open NFC interfaces can be classified at different levels, from very
high-level interfaces that greatly simplify the usual tasks of NFC
applications, to very low-level interfaces that allow fine tuning of NFC
hardware parameters for example.
High Level Interfaces:
• NDEF Messages
• Bluetooth and Wi-Fi pairing
• Read / Write to any tag
• P2P
• Virtual Tags
NFC | Open NFC™
Starting Open NFC 4.3.0, the support for Java porting for JSR-257
devices is discontinued. Older releases of the stack were fully
compliant with the JSR-257 standard.
► Android Edition is currently the only one actively maintained with
Java Binding!

Xively
• Language bindings for Java/Android, Python or Ruby contain support for
Units of Measurement
• Website: http://www.xively.com
OpenXC
• Feels quite a bit like a modernized OSGi Measurement bundle. Offering
only SI units by default, but a more sophisticated Unit and Quantity concept
somewhat similar and clearly inspired by Unit-API / JSR-275
• Website: http://openxcplatform.com/
► Without proper security, Connected Car hacks like that on Tesla pose a
great risk to this and all other critical sectors (Health, Avionics,...)
CSS 3
• Mostly UI/rendering, but promises almost UCUM-like arithmetic and
quantity-checking See: http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-values/
Other Trends for Sensor |
Measurement

2 current JSRs for Mobile and Embedded
JSR-360: CLDC 8
• CLDC 8 is an evolutionary update to CLDC 1.1.1 to bring
the VM, Java Language, and libraries up to date
with Java SE 8.
• More: http://java.net/projects/jsr360/pages/Home
JSR-361: Java ME Embedded Profile
• Update IMP(-NG) to align with state-of-the-art features and current
embedded device market requirements.
• More: http://java.net/projects/jsr361/pages/Home
Embedded Standards | JSR-360,
361

Eclipse – Project UOMo
http://www.eclipse.org/uomo/
Units of Measurement API
http://www.unitsofmeasurement.org
UCUM
http://www.unitsofmeasure.org
Links

Open Geospatial Consortium
http://www.opengeospatial.org
Java Community Process
http://www.jcp.org
Eclipse – M2M IWG
http://m2m.eclipse.org
Links (2)

Contact
werner@catmedia.us
or
uomo@catmedia.us
Twitter: @wernerkeil
Hashtag #EclipseUOMo

M4M 2 the Rescue of M2M (Eclipse DemoCamp Trondheim)

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