1. The ABCs of Diabetes
Managing Diabetes
Presented by
Visiting Nurse and Community Health

2. Famous Diabetics
 Patti LaBelle, singer
 James Cagney, actor
 Mary Tyler Moore, actress
 Delta Burke, actress
 Johnny Cash, C&W singer
 Ernest Hemingway,
novelist

3. Test Your Diabetes IQ
1. Can you catch diabetes?
a. Yes
b. No
c. Only if I don’t wash my hands

4. Test Your Diabetes IQ
1. Can you catch diabetes?
a. Yes
b. No
c. Only if I don’t wash my hands
Answer: B – Diabetes is not a contagious disease.
However, having a blood relative with
Type 2 diabetes is a significant risk factor.

5. Test Your Diabetes IQ
2. Are there different types of diabetes
a. Yes, Types 1 and 2, and
Gestational diabetes
b. No, one size fits all
c. None of the above

6. Test Your Diabetes IQ
2. Are there different types of diabetes
a. Yes, Types 1 and 2, and
Gestational diabetes
b. No, one size fits all
c. None of the above
Answer: A – Type 1 or juvenile-onset diabetes; Type 2, or
adult-onset diabetes; and Gestational diabetes,
which occurs during pregnancy

7. Test Your Diabetes IQ
3. Can you lessen the chances of getting Type 2 diabetes?
a. Yes, good nutrition, exercise and
leading a healthy lifestyle can
prevent or delay it
b. No, so eat, drink and be merry
c. All of the above

8. Test Your Diabetes IQ
3. Can you lessen the chances of getting Type 2 diabetes?
a. Yes, good nutrition, exercise and
leading a healthy lifestyle can
prevent or delay it
b. No, so eat, drink and be merry
c. All of the above
Answer: A – By eating healthy foods and exercising regularly,
Type 2 diabetes can be delayed and even prevented

9. Test Your Diabetes IQ
4. Is there a cure for Type 2 diabetes?
a. Yes, just ask your CVS pharmacist
b. No, but researchers are close
to finding a cure for Type 1 diabetes
c. Maybe, it depends on what type
of mattress you sleep on

10. Test Your Diabetes IQ
4. Is there a cure for Type 2 diabetes?
a. Yes, just ask your CVS pharmacist
b. No, but researchers are close
to finding a cure for Type 1 diabetes
c. Maybe, it depends on what type
of mattress you sleep on
Answer: B – While researchers are close to finding a cure for
Type 1 diabetes, there’s still a long way to go for
a Type 2 cure

11. Diabetes Facts
 Diabetes is a disease in
which the body does not
produce or properly use
insulin
 20.8 million people in the
US, or 7% of the population,  Type 2 diabetes represents
have diabetes 85-90% of all cases
 Of that number, 6.2 million  Type 2 diabetes is usually
people (or nearly one-third) diagnosed in adults over 50,
but increasingly is occurring
are unaware that they have at a younger age
the disease  While there is no cure,
 The three major types are diabetes can be managed,
Type 1, Type 2, and and sometimes prevented
Gestational diabetes

12. Diabetes Risk Factors
Type 2 diabetes is most likely to occur if you:
 Are over 45 and have high
blood pressure
 Are over 45 and overweight
 Are over 45 and have one or
more family members with
diabetes
 Are over 55

13. Diabetes Risk Factors
Type 2 diabetes is most likely to occur if you:
 Have heart disease or have had a heart attack
 Have had high blood sugar levels during
pregnancy
 Have had a borderline high blood sugar test
 Have polycystic ovary syndrome and are
overweight
 Are Aboriginal or a Torres Strait Islander aged
over 35
 Are a Pacific Islander, from a Chinese culture
background, or from the Indian sub-continent
and are over 35

14. Diabetes Symptoms
 Frequent urination
 Excessive thirst
 Extreme hunger
 Unusual weight loss
 Increased fatigue

15. Diabetes Symptoms
 Numbness or tingling in the feet or legs
 Blurred vision
 Frequent infections
 Itchiness
 Irritability

16. Diagnosing Diabetes
 In diagnosing diabetes, physicians
primarily depend upon the results
of specific glucose tests
 Doctors also take into account your
physical exam, presence or absence
of symptoms, and medical history
 Some people will have transient
problems with elevated blood
sugars that will return to normal
after the illness has resolved

17. Diagnosing Diabetes
 Some medications may alter your blood
glucose levels (most commonly steroids)
and certain diuretics (water pills)
 Three tests are used to measure the
presence of blood sugar problems are:
 Fasting blood sugar test: the direct
measurement of glucose levels in the blood
during an overnight fast;
 Glucose tolerance test: the measurement of
the body's ability to appropriately handle the
excess sugar presented after drinking a high
glucose drink; and
 An A1C (also known as glycated hemoglobin
or HbA1c) test: gives you a picture of your
average blood glucose control for the past 2
to 3 months.

18. Managing Diabetes
 Type 2 diabetes is usually controlled by
healthy eating and regular exercise, both
of which often result in weight loss
 Some people may require oral
medications which:
 Help the pancreas produce more insulin, or
 Help the body to use insulin more effectively,
or
 Slow down the rate at which glucose is
absorbed after eating a meal
 When dietary changes, exercise and/or
oral medication aren’t effective, insulin
injections are required

19. Diabetes Complications
Untreated or poorly managed diabetes can lead to:
 Damage to the eyes, leading to
loss of vision
 Artery damage, increasing the
risk of heart attack or stroke
 Kidney damage
 Nerve damage in toes and
feet, increasing risk of
amputation
 Impotence in men
 Pregnancy complications

20. Diabetes and Nutrition
 You should have 3 meals and 3
snacks per day
 There are 3 types of
carbohydrates
 Fiber
 Starch
 Sugar
 Dietary fiber does not raise  Total carbohydrates per snack
blood sugar should run between 15 and 20
 Starches and sugars are the grams
reason for blood sugar to rise
 Eat about the same number of
 Total carbohydrates per meal carbs at each meal
should run between 40 and 55
grams (40-45 for women; 50-55  Keep a food diary for 1 week to
for men) see the number of carbs you have
eaten

21. Diabetes and Nutrition
 In general, use a 9’ plate
 Cover 1/2 of the plate with
non-starchy vegetables
 Lettuce, cabbage, cucumbers,
peppers, mushrooms, onions,
garlic, green beans, broccoli,
celery, carrots, cauliflower,
tomatoes
 Cover 1/4 of the plate with
high protein foods  Cover 1/4 of the plate with
 Some options are 3 ounces of starchy foods
lean meat, skinless poultry,  Some options are 1 slice bread; ½
fish or tofu; 1-2 eggs; 2 Tbsp. cup hot cereal or ¾ cup dry non-
peanut butter; 1/3 cup nuts; sweetened cereal; 1/3 cup cooked
2 ounces of cheese pasta or rice; ½ cup dried beans or
lentils; ½ cup potatoes, corn, or
peas, cauliflower, tomatoes

22. And in Conclusion …
You can manage, and possibly prevent, diabetes by:
 Maintaining a healthy weight
 Eating a healthy, balanced diet
 Ensuring adequate levels of daily
exercise

23. On behalf of Visiting Nurse and Community
Health, thank you. Are there any questions?