The document summarizes the Love Canal disaster, where toxic waste was dumped in an abandoned canal from 1942-1953 and homes were later built on the site. In the 1970s, chemicals from the waste started leaking into basements due to heavy rainfall. This led to health issues in the community and the evacuation of over 900 families by 1978-1980. The disaster brought national attention to the issues of hazardous waste disposal and management and led to the establishment of federal legislation like the Superfund Act to address toxic waste cleanup.

1. Toxic and Hazardous Waste: Love Canal Disaster Kate Mason Geol 108 Nicholas Klein

4. Image source: http://www.mpu.agric.za/SOER/Mpumalanga%20Publikit%20Web%20Version%20SoER%20%282003%29/Graphics/mpumalanga/GraphsAndStats/total_volume_and_type_of_hazardous_waste_%28dwaf__1998%29.jpg

10. Image and description source: http://abcnews.go.com/US/popup?id=5548326&contentIndex=1&start=false&page=12 “ Mark Zanatian, one of the children endangered by the Love Canal chemical spill waves a banner in protest during a neighborhood protest meeting on Aug. 5, 1978.”

11. Image source: http://documentaryworks.org/punctum/images/LoveCanal.jpg

18. Love Canal Timeline 1942 -- Hooker Chemical Company begins dumping of chemical wastes at Love Canal 1952 -- City of Niagara Falls disposes of municipal wastes at the site 1953 -- Hooker Corporation fills the canal and sells the land to Niagara Falls Board of Education 1955 -- Elementary school (99th Street) opens 1959 -- Chemical seepage into basement is reported 1974 -- Surface of dump begins to collapse and barrels of chemicals are exposed 1976 -- NYDEC documents widespread contamination of sewers and sumps in the neighborhood 1977 -- Local reporter begins investigating possible links of contamination to illness City's consultant reports contamination 1978 -- New York legislature authorizes health studies Love Canal Homeowners Association (LCHA) is formed President Carter declares a "state of emergency" and approves emergency financial aid 1979 -- USEPA contracts for a pilot study of chromosomal damage Love Canal Inter-Agency Task Force is dissolved U.S. Justice Department files a lawsuit against Hooker Chemical Corporation 1980 -- New York State Attorney files a lawsuit against Hooker Corporation and Occidental Petroleum President Carter declares a second federal emergency in the Love Canal area CERCLA (Superfund) is enacted 1981 -- Federal government closes its on-site office in Niagara Falls 1983 -- Former residents and Occidental settle lawsuits 1984 -- New clay cap is installed over canal 1985 -- Some former residents receive compensation from settled lawsuits 1987 -- USEPA decides to burn soil contaminated with dioxin 1988 -- Occidental Petroleum Company is found liable for cleanup costs 1989 -- Consent agreement is reached between the U.S. government and Occidental Adapted from: Timeline of Events at Love Canal http://onlineethics.org/cms/16415.aspx Author(s): Zaremba, Mark