SlideShare uma empresa Scribd logo
1 de 26
Baixar para ler offline
TEARS OF THE CHEETAH
    - a story of genetic diversity




Dr Karobi Moitra , NCI Frederick
Where do cheetahs stand on the tree of life?
             Kingdom: Animalia
              Phylum : Chordata

              Class : Mammalia




Order : Primates                  Order : Carnivora
Family : Hominidae                Family : Felidae
Genus : Homo                      Genus: Acinonyx
Species: H. sapiens               Species: A. jubatus
Where did the name ‘cheetah’ come from ?

 Sanskrit word : Chitakayah
 - which means ‘variegated’ body - ‘marks or patches’’



 Hindi - ‘Chitah’            English : Cheetah
Cheetah range :



                  Africa: Niger,
                  Sudan, Ethiopia,
                  Kenya,Tanzania,
                  Namibia,
                  Botswana
                  etc.

                  Iran: Khorasan

                  SE Asia: India?
                  Pakistan?
Some cool cheetah facts :
• Cheetah eat gazelles, impala, zebra, hare etc.

• They hunt in early morning or late in the afternoon

• They hunt in groups

• Rely on vision not scent to hunt

• Adult cheetahs weigh ~ 140lb

• Total body length over 6ft

• Have a distinct ‘tear’ streak
How fast can cheetah’s run ?
Cheetah’s can run upto 75 mph (120km/h)
for 1,500ft or 1min 30 secs.

Acceleration: 1-64 mph in 3 secs
Tears Of The Cheetah
Cheetah Chatter
The African cheetah population was down to around 15,000
wild cheetahs

So conservationalists tried to breed them in captivity - this
was very hard to do

 Also cheetah populations were very prone to disease, if a
few cheetah were infected with a disease such as FIPV-
feline infectious peritonitis virus, the rest become infected
and die


                                            WHY?
Journey to Africa

Mitch Bush (National Zoo) & David Wildt (NCI)
boarded a plane to the DeWildt cheetah breeding
center in Pretoria (South Africa)



They collected blood samples from around 80 cheetahs
and brought them back to Stephen O’Briens lab at
NCI-Frederick for analysis.
Proteins in the cheetahs blood were
separated and analyzed using a technique
called :

   Protein Gel Electrophoresis
Protein Gel Electrophoresis
Mobility shifts (change in the position of a protein band)
can identify the different types of enzyme variants
in a cheetah blood sample


Most animals have a 20-50% difference in specific blood
proteins(enzymes) called allozymes because they are
different varieties of the same protein
However, when Janice Martenson looked at the allozymes
In the cheetah blood samples she found that cheetahs were
Identical for 52 allozymes across the board.
What did this mean?
Cheetahs seemed to be almost genetic clones of
each other….but more evidence was needed !
DNA




RNA         PROTEIN
The double helix
Genetic diversity
Back to Africa !

MHC genes are extremely variable

They are responsible for graft rejection

Skin grafts from 6 unrelated cheetahs were done



If these graft were accepted and grew it meant that
these cheetahs were nearly genetically identical to each
other = very little genetic diversity
All 6 cheetahs accepted the grafts
Most cheetahs are almost identical clones
             of each other !




That is why they are more susceptible to disease !
How did this happen?
The “Bottleneck Effect”




                          12,000ya
                          Pleistocene
                          Great mammal
                          Extinction
Tears of the cheetah - the legend
“A young female cheetah climbed into a warm cave
to slumber through a harsh winter in Europe. When
she and her cubs crept out in springtime, they met
a different world, one in which the cheetahs were (almost)
gone - victims of a global holocaust”




 ……and she cried for them
http://www.cheetahkids.com/




 Save the cheetah !
References / Websites


www.wikipedia.org

www.cheetah.org

www.cheetahkids.com/


Tears of the Cheetah by Stephen J . O’Brien

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Semelhante a Tears Of The Cheetah

Felids Research Paper
Felids Research PaperFelids Research Paper
Felids Research PaperJackie Hinton
 
Domesticated Animals In Papa New Guinea
Domesticated Animals In Papa New GuineaDomesticated Animals In Papa New Guinea
Domesticated Animals In Papa New GuineaJennifer Alexander
 
Euthanasi The Argument Against Euthanasia
Euthanasi The Argument Against EuthanasiaEuthanasi The Argument Against Euthanasia
Euthanasi The Argument Against EuthanasiaLisa Diaz
 
Coraciiformes Research Paper
Coraciiformes Research PaperCoraciiformes Research Paper
Coraciiformes Research PaperDarlene Hernandez
 
Ch. 15 Hominin Evolution
Ch. 15  Hominin EvolutionCh. 15  Hominin Evolution
Ch. 15 Hominin EvolutionMartin Jellinek
 
The Effects Of Housing Animals In Zoos
The Effects Of Housing Animals In ZoosThe Effects Of Housing Animals In Zoos
The Effects Of Housing Animals In ZoosJessica Reed
 
Self-Recognition In An Asian Elephant
Self-Recognition In An Asian ElephantSelf-Recognition In An Asian Elephant
Self-Recognition In An Asian ElephantLorie Harris
 
Carnivores Lab Report
Carnivores Lab ReportCarnivores Lab Report
Carnivores Lab ReportCarla Molina
 
Characteristics And Characteristics Of The Species
Characteristics And Characteristics Of The SpeciesCharacteristics And Characteristics Of The Species
Characteristics And Characteristics Of The SpeciesMary Brown
 
Sahara Desert Large Mammals Flipped Into Extinction
Sahara Desert Large Mammals Flipped Into ExtinctionSahara Desert Large Mammals Flipped Into Extinction
Sahara Desert Large Mammals Flipped Into ExtinctionJennifer Baker
 
Male African And Asian Elephants Essay
Male African And Asian Elephants EssayMale African And Asian Elephants Essay
Male African And Asian Elephants EssayJulie Potts
 
Marine Mammal Bycatch Essay
Marine Mammal Bycatch EssayMarine Mammal Bycatch Essay
Marine Mammal Bycatch EssayJoanna Paulsen
 
Northern White Rhino Research Paper
Northern White Rhino Research PaperNorthern White Rhino Research Paper
Northern White Rhino Research PaperRobyn Champagne
 
Lemurs Should Not Be Kept As Pets
Lemurs Should Not Be Kept As PetsLemurs Should Not Be Kept As Pets
Lemurs Should Not Be Kept As PetsLisa Brown
 
Hyena by cheyenne williams
Hyena by cheyenne williamsHyena by cheyenne williams
Hyena by cheyenne williamsCheyenneWilliams
 

Semelhante a Tears Of The Cheetah (20)

Planet Of Life
Planet Of LifePlanet Of Life
Planet Of Life
 
Felids Research Paper
Felids Research PaperFelids Research Paper
Felids Research Paper
 
Domesticated Animals In Papa New Guinea
Domesticated Animals In Papa New GuineaDomesticated Animals In Papa New Guinea
Domesticated Animals In Papa New Guinea
 
Euthanasi The Argument Against Euthanasia
Euthanasi The Argument Against EuthanasiaEuthanasi The Argument Against Euthanasia
Euthanasi The Argument Against Euthanasia
 
Rabie Disease
Rabie DiseaseRabie Disease
Rabie Disease
 
Coraciiformes Research Paper
Coraciiformes Research PaperCoraciiformes Research Paper
Coraciiformes Research Paper
 
Ch. 15 Hominin Evolution
Ch. 15  Hominin EvolutionCh. 15  Hominin Evolution
Ch. 15 Hominin Evolution
 
The Effects Of Housing Animals In Zoos
The Effects Of Housing Animals In ZoosThe Effects Of Housing Animals In Zoos
The Effects Of Housing Animals In Zoos
 
Self-Recognition In An Asian Elephant
Self-Recognition In An Asian ElephantSelf-Recognition In An Asian Elephant
Self-Recognition In An Asian Elephant
 
Carnivores Lab Report
Carnivores Lab ReportCarnivores Lab Report
Carnivores Lab Report
 
Deer
DeerDeer
Deer
 
Characteristics And Characteristics Of The Species
Characteristics And Characteristics Of The SpeciesCharacteristics And Characteristics Of The Species
Characteristics And Characteristics Of The Species
 
Sahara Desert Large Mammals Flipped Into Extinction
Sahara Desert Large Mammals Flipped Into ExtinctionSahara Desert Large Mammals Flipped Into Extinction
Sahara Desert Large Mammals Flipped Into Extinction
 
Asian Elephant
Asian ElephantAsian Elephant
Asian Elephant
 
Male African And Asian Elephants Essay
Male African And Asian Elephants EssayMale African And Asian Elephants Essay
Male African And Asian Elephants Essay
 
Marine Mammal Bycatch Essay
Marine Mammal Bycatch EssayMarine Mammal Bycatch Essay
Marine Mammal Bycatch Essay
 
Northern White Rhino Research Paper
Northern White Rhino Research PaperNorthern White Rhino Research Paper
Northern White Rhino Research Paper
 
Dahlgren PPI
Dahlgren PPIDahlgren PPI
Dahlgren PPI
 
Lemurs Should Not Be Kept As Pets
Lemurs Should Not Be Kept As PetsLemurs Should Not Be Kept As Pets
Lemurs Should Not Be Kept As Pets
 
Hyena by cheyenne williams
Hyena by cheyenne williamsHyena by cheyenne williams
Hyena by cheyenne williams
 

Mais de Karobi Moitra CFD, MS, PhD

The story of us: The journey of man by karobi moitra
The story of us:  The journey of man by karobi moitra The story of us:  The journey of man by karobi moitra
The story of us: The journey of man by karobi moitra Karobi Moitra CFD, MS, PhD
 
Storytelling in STEM poster lily conference 2014 Karobi Moitra
Storytelling in STEM poster lily conference 2014 Karobi MoitraStorytelling in STEM poster lily conference 2014 Karobi Moitra
Storytelling in STEM poster lily conference 2014 Karobi MoitraKarobi Moitra CFD, MS, PhD
 
Story telling in the classroom lilly conference presentation 2014 1hr session...
Story telling in the classroom lilly conference presentation 2014 1hr session...Story telling in the classroom lilly conference presentation 2014 1hr session...
Story telling in the classroom lilly conference presentation 2014 1hr session...Karobi Moitra CFD, MS, PhD
 
I teach, what's your superpower? ccr fyi 2013
I teach, what's your superpower? ccr fyi 2013 I teach, what's your superpower? ccr fyi 2013
I teach, what's your superpower? ccr fyi 2013 Karobi Moitra CFD, MS, PhD
 
Biology of cancer lectures 1 to 5 revision Karobi Moitra
Biology of cancer lectures 1 to 5 revision Karobi MoitraBiology of cancer lectures 1 to 5 revision Karobi Moitra
Biology of cancer lectures 1 to 5 revision Karobi MoitraKarobi Moitra CFD, MS, PhD
 
Biology of cancer lecture 5 cell cycle Karobi Moitra
Biology of cancer lecture 5 cell cycle Karobi MoitraBiology of cancer lecture 5 cell cycle Karobi Moitra
Biology of cancer lecture 5 cell cycle Karobi MoitraKarobi Moitra CFD, MS, PhD
 
Boc Lecture 3 the multistep nature of cancer, Karobi Moitra
Boc Lecture 3 the multistep nature of cancer, Karobi MoitraBoc Lecture 3 the multistep nature of cancer, Karobi Moitra
Boc Lecture 3 the multistep nature of cancer, Karobi MoitraKarobi Moitra CFD, MS, PhD
 
Biology of cancer, lecture 2 tumor viruses,oncogenes,tsgs
Biology of cancer, lecture 2 tumor viruses,oncogenes,tsgs Biology of cancer, lecture 2 tumor viruses,oncogenes,tsgs
Biology of cancer, lecture 2 tumor viruses,oncogenes,tsgs Karobi Moitra CFD, MS, PhD
 

Mais de Karobi Moitra CFD, MS, PhD (18)

The story of DNA modified by Karobi Moitra
The story of DNA modified by Karobi MoitraThe story of DNA modified by Karobi Moitra
The story of DNA modified by Karobi Moitra
 
The story of us: The journey of man by karobi moitra
The story of us:  The journey of man by karobi moitra The story of us:  The journey of man by karobi moitra
The story of us: The journey of man by karobi moitra
 
Storytelling in STEM poster lily conference 2014 Karobi Moitra
Storytelling in STEM poster lily conference 2014 Karobi MoitraStorytelling in STEM poster lily conference 2014 Karobi Moitra
Storytelling in STEM poster lily conference 2014 Karobi Moitra
 
Story telling in the classroom lilly conference presentation 2014 1hr session...
Story telling in the classroom lilly conference presentation 2014 1hr session...Story telling in the classroom lilly conference presentation 2014 1hr session...
Story telling in the classroom lilly conference presentation 2014 1hr session...
 
I teach, what's your superpower? ccr fyi 2013
I teach, what's your superpower? ccr fyi 2013 I teach, what's your superpower? ccr fyi 2013
I teach, what's your superpower? ccr fyi 2013
 
Evolutionary Game Theory
Evolutionary Game TheoryEvolutionary Game Theory
Evolutionary Game Theory
 
The panda's roots
The panda's roots The panda's roots
The panda's roots
 
Darwin's voyage final
Darwin's  voyage finalDarwin's  voyage final
Darwin's voyage final
 
BOC lecture 7 cell death
BOC lecture 7 cell deathBOC lecture 7 cell death
BOC lecture 7 cell death
 
BOC 134 lecture - 7 Cell Death
BOC 134 lecture - 7 Cell DeathBOC 134 lecture - 7 Cell Death
BOC 134 lecture - 7 Cell Death
 
Biology of cancer lectures 1 to 5 revision Karobi Moitra
Biology of cancer lectures 1 to 5 revision Karobi MoitraBiology of cancer lectures 1 to 5 revision Karobi Moitra
Biology of cancer lectures 1 to 5 revision Karobi Moitra
 
Biology of cancer lecture 5 cell cycle Karobi Moitra
Biology of cancer lecture 5 cell cycle Karobi MoitraBiology of cancer lecture 5 cell cycle Karobi Moitra
Biology of cancer lecture 5 cell cycle Karobi Moitra
 
Boc Lecture 4 the hallmarks of cancer km
Boc Lecture 4 the hallmarks of cancer  kmBoc Lecture 4 the hallmarks of cancer  km
Boc Lecture 4 the hallmarks of cancer km
 
Boc Lecture 3 the multistep nature of cancer, Karobi Moitra
Boc Lecture 3 the multistep nature of cancer, Karobi MoitraBoc Lecture 3 the multistep nature of cancer, Karobi Moitra
Boc Lecture 3 the multistep nature of cancer, Karobi Moitra
 
Biology of cancer, lecture 2 tumor viruses,oncogenes,tsgs
Biology of cancer, lecture 2 tumor viruses,oncogenes,tsgs Biology of cancer, lecture 2 tumor viruses,oncogenes,tsgs
Biology of cancer, lecture 2 tumor viruses,oncogenes,tsgs
 
Biology of cancer 134 L1 karobi moitra
Biology of cancer 134 L1  karobi moitraBiology of cancer 134 L1  karobi moitra
Biology of cancer 134 L1 karobi moitra
 
Karobi Moitra 4 H Class Whale Of A Tale
Karobi Moitra  4 H Class Whale Of A TaleKarobi Moitra  4 H Class Whale Of A Tale
Karobi Moitra 4 H Class Whale Of A Tale
 
Km Usuhs Class Improved1.2 Copy
Km Usuhs Class Improved1.2 CopyKm Usuhs Class Improved1.2 Copy
Km Usuhs Class Improved1.2 Copy
 

Tears Of The Cheetah

  • 1. TEARS OF THE CHEETAH - a story of genetic diversity Dr Karobi Moitra , NCI Frederick
  • 2. Where do cheetahs stand on the tree of life? Kingdom: Animalia Phylum : Chordata Class : Mammalia Order : Primates Order : Carnivora Family : Hominidae Family : Felidae Genus : Homo Genus: Acinonyx Species: H. sapiens Species: A. jubatus
  • 3. Where did the name ‘cheetah’ come from ? Sanskrit word : Chitakayah - which means ‘variegated’ body - ‘marks or patches’’ Hindi - ‘Chitah’ English : Cheetah
  • 4. Cheetah range : Africa: Niger, Sudan, Ethiopia, Kenya,Tanzania, Namibia, Botswana etc. Iran: Khorasan SE Asia: India? Pakistan?
  • 5. Some cool cheetah facts : • Cheetah eat gazelles, impala, zebra, hare etc. • They hunt in early morning or late in the afternoon • They hunt in groups • Rely on vision not scent to hunt • Adult cheetahs weigh ~ 140lb • Total body length over 6ft • Have a distinct ‘tear’ streak
  • 6. How fast can cheetah’s run ? Cheetah’s can run upto 75 mph (120km/h) for 1,500ft or 1min 30 secs. Acceleration: 1-64 mph in 3 secs
  • 8. Cheetah Chatter The African cheetah population was down to around 15,000 wild cheetahs So conservationalists tried to breed them in captivity - this was very hard to do Also cheetah populations were very prone to disease, if a few cheetah were infected with a disease such as FIPV- feline infectious peritonitis virus, the rest become infected and die WHY?
  • 9. Journey to Africa Mitch Bush (National Zoo) & David Wildt (NCI) boarded a plane to the DeWildt cheetah breeding center in Pretoria (South Africa) They collected blood samples from around 80 cheetahs and brought them back to Stephen O’Briens lab at NCI-Frederick for analysis.
  • 10. Proteins in the cheetahs blood were separated and analyzed using a technique called : Protein Gel Electrophoresis
  • 12. Mobility shifts (change in the position of a protein band) can identify the different types of enzyme variants in a cheetah blood sample Most animals have a 20-50% difference in specific blood proteins(enzymes) called allozymes because they are different varieties of the same protein
  • 13. However, when Janice Martenson looked at the allozymes In the cheetah blood samples she found that cheetahs were Identical for 52 allozymes across the board.
  • 14. What did this mean?
  • 15. Cheetahs seemed to be almost genetic clones of each other….but more evidence was needed !
  • 16. DNA RNA PROTEIN
  • 19. Back to Africa ! MHC genes are extremely variable They are responsible for graft rejection Skin grafts from 6 unrelated cheetahs were done If these graft were accepted and grew it meant that these cheetahs were nearly genetically identical to each other = very little genetic diversity
  • 20. All 6 cheetahs accepted the grafts
  • 21. Most cheetahs are almost identical clones of each other ! That is why they are more susceptible to disease !
  • 22. How did this happen?
  • 23. The “Bottleneck Effect” 12,000ya Pleistocene Great mammal Extinction
  • 24. Tears of the cheetah - the legend “A young female cheetah climbed into a warm cave to slumber through a harsh winter in Europe. When she and her cubs crept out in springtime, they met a different world, one in which the cheetahs were (almost) gone - victims of a global holocaust” ……and she cried for them