1. American colonies Karee Ann Klein

3. This alarmed the Protestants

4. King James had a son, which promised a Catholic dynasty

5. The Protestants contacted Prince William of Orange

6. They asked him to bring an army to overthrow the king on behalf of the Protestants

7. William invaded England

8. James fled to France

9. Found sanctuary in the court of Louis XIV

10. William took the crown

11. Promised religious freedom to the Protestants

13. William overthrew James II

14. England had to build a better army than France to compete

15. Increased taxes on the people

16. At one time they were the lightest taxed people in all of Europe, and now they were up there with the highest

17. English fought the Nine Years War

18. To uphold Protestant regime

19. Maintain England’s hold over Ireland

20. Preserve the American Colonies

21. Defend their new allies the Dutch

22. Parliament created a permanent funded national debt that paid annual interest to private financiers

24. By 1702, Louis XIV had rebuilt his military and made plans to expand

25. Louis claimed the throne of Spain for his grandson, Philip de Bourbon

26. This threatened to reunite the Spanish and French and throw off the balance of power in Europe

27. England revived the alliance against Louis XIV

28. King William and Queen Mary of England had died

29. Queen Anne, Mary’s younger sister, resumed the throne

30. England was succesful in Europe, but the English colonies were not

31. The Carolina attacked the capital of Florida and failed

33. Queen Elizabeth I protected and invested in pirate enterprises

34. Pirates were called “privateers”

35. Hired to loot enemy ships during wartime

36. New York, South Carolina, and Jamaica hosted pirates

37. British reassessed their support of piracy at the end of the 17th century

38. Pirates began looting ships from their own country

39. Pirates became a liability

40. Pirates became countercultural outlaws

41. “A merry life and a short one” became their motto

42. Crews codified their own rules

43. Crew members divided the loot among themselves

45. “We are here at the end of the World, and Europe may be turned topsyturvy ere we can hear a word of it” – William Byrd

46. Colonists felt isolated

47. By the 1730’s ships came more frequently

48. Ships brought letters, pamphlets, and newspapers from England

49. They were able to learn more about the wars at home

50. Newspapers became popular in the Colonies

51. Boston News-Letter appeared in 1704 as the first enduring colonial newspaper

52. Copied official items from the London press

54. Most of them were not English

55. Emigration increased during times of peace

56. Many soldiers and sailors were demobilized

57. Work was difficult to find

58. Many emigrants became indentured servants

59. Crime surged

60. People stole to live

61. Government imposed the death penalty for “grand larceny”

62. Stealing anything that cost more than a shilling

63. Many criminals were transported to America

65. At least 2/3 of colonial adults attended church

66. Denominations

67. Congregationalists ranked largest with 450 churches

68. Anglicans ranked second with 300 parishes

69. Quakers ranked third with 250 churches

70. Presbyterian were fourth with 160

71. Hosted some Catholic churches

72. Hosted a few Jewish synagogues as well

74. New France and Louisiana annually cost the crown more money than what they sent back to France from the fur trades

75. Heavy cost to maintain forts

76. Expensive gifts to appease the Indians

77. Indians needed the French

78. They had become dependent on metalware, firearms, and gun powder

79. “Every necessary thing in life we must have from the white people” – Skiagunsta, Cherokee chief

80. French tried to get Indians to trade with only them

81. They discouraged trade with the British

82. Found that the French needed the Indians more than the Indians needed their trade