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Transactional Analysis
• Eric Berne was born in 1910 in Montreal,
  Canada. His father was a doctor & his
  mother was an editor.
• His father died at age 38, when Eric was 9
• Earned an MD in 1935 from McGill Univ
• Became a US citizen and served in Utah
  during WWII, practicing group therapy
Transactional Analysis
• Was denied membership in the
  Psychoanalytic Institute in 1956
• This brought about his rejection of
  psychoanalysis and was a turning point in
  his life
• Wrote the book Games People Play
• Died of a heart attack in 1970 at the age of
  60
Transactional Analysis
Four methods of understanding & predicting
  human behavior
• Structural analysis – within the person
• Transactional analysis – 2 or more people
• Game analysis – understanding
  transactions that lead to bad feelings
• Script analysis – understand a person’s
  life plan
Transactional Analysis
Structural analysis –
• Natural child – spontaneous, impulsive,
  feeling oriented, self-centered & pleasure
  loving
• Adaptive child – compliant, conforms to
  the wishes & demands of parental figures
Transactional Analysis
• Nurturing parent - comforts, praises and
  helps others
• Critical parent – finds faults, displays
  prejudices, disapproves and prevents
  others from feeling good about themselves
• A major goal is to figure out which ego
  state a person is using
Transactional Analysis
Transactional analysis - Transactions
  between people are seen as having 3
  levels:
• Complementary – both people are
  operating from the same ego state
• Crossed – the other person reacts from an
  unexpected ego state
• Ulterior – two ego states within the same
  person but one disguises the other
Transactional Analysis
Game analysis - ulteriorly motivated
  transactions that appear complimentary on
  the surface but end in bad feelings:
• 1st Degree games – minor upset, played
  socially end up with minor discomfort
• 2nd Degree games – more intimate end up
  w/bad feelings
• 3rd Degree games - usually involve
  physical injury
Transactional Analysis
Script analysis – everyone develops a life
  script by age 5 & these scripts determine
  how one interacts with others based upon
  the interpretation of external events
• A negative life script occurs when the
  person receives lots of injunctions by the
  parents that used the word DON’T
Transactional Analysis
Common negative life scripts:
• Never – one never gets to do what one
  wants
• Until – one must wait until a certain time or
  until something is done to be able to do
  something they want to do
• Always – one must continue to do what
  one has always done
Transactional Analysis
• After – a difficulty is expected after a
  certain event
• Open-ended – one does not know what to
  do after a given time
• Mini-scripts: Hurry up! Try harder! Be
  perfect! Be strong! Please someone!
  These drivers allow for temporary escape
  from life scripts
Transactional Analysis
• Four basic life scripts:
• I’m OK, you’re OK – ideal
• I’m OK, you’re not OK – get away from me
• I’m not OK, you’re OK – I’ll never get
  anywhere
• I’m not OK, you’re not OK – get rid of each
  other
Transactional Analysis
• Explanation – teaching about TA
• Illustration – elaborates a point
• Confirmation – points out a recurrence of
  a previously modified behavior
• Interpretation – explains to the child ego
  state the reasons for a client’s behavior
• Crystallization – final step, the client gives
  up playing games

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Organizational Behavior Chapter 8

  • 1. Transactional Analysis • Eric Berne was born in 1910 in Montreal, Canada. His father was a doctor & his mother was an editor. • His father died at age 38, when Eric was 9 • Earned an MD in 1935 from McGill Univ • Became a US citizen and served in Utah during WWII, practicing group therapy
  • 2. Transactional Analysis • Was denied membership in the Psychoanalytic Institute in 1956 • This brought about his rejection of psychoanalysis and was a turning point in his life • Wrote the book Games People Play • Died of a heart attack in 1970 at the age of 60
  • 3. Transactional Analysis Four methods of understanding & predicting human behavior • Structural analysis – within the person • Transactional analysis – 2 or more people • Game analysis – understanding transactions that lead to bad feelings • Script analysis – understand a person’s life plan
  • 4. Transactional Analysis Structural analysis – • Natural child – spontaneous, impulsive, feeling oriented, self-centered & pleasure loving • Adaptive child – compliant, conforms to the wishes & demands of parental figures
  • 5. Transactional Analysis • Nurturing parent - comforts, praises and helps others • Critical parent – finds faults, displays prejudices, disapproves and prevents others from feeling good about themselves • A major goal is to figure out which ego state a person is using
  • 6. Transactional Analysis Transactional analysis - Transactions between people are seen as having 3 levels: • Complementary – both people are operating from the same ego state • Crossed – the other person reacts from an unexpected ego state • Ulterior – two ego states within the same person but one disguises the other
  • 7. Transactional Analysis Game analysis - ulteriorly motivated transactions that appear complimentary on the surface but end in bad feelings: • 1st Degree games – minor upset, played socially end up with minor discomfort • 2nd Degree games – more intimate end up w/bad feelings • 3rd Degree games - usually involve physical injury
  • 8. Transactional Analysis Script analysis – everyone develops a life script by age 5 & these scripts determine how one interacts with others based upon the interpretation of external events • A negative life script occurs when the person receives lots of injunctions by the parents that used the word DON’T
  • 9. Transactional Analysis Common negative life scripts: • Never – one never gets to do what one wants • Until – one must wait until a certain time or until something is done to be able to do something they want to do • Always – one must continue to do what one has always done
  • 10. Transactional Analysis • After – a difficulty is expected after a certain event • Open-ended – one does not know what to do after a given time • Mini-scripts: Hurry up! Try harder! Be perfect! Be strong! Please someone! These drivers allow for temporary escape from life scripts
  • 11. Transactional Analysis • Four basic life scripts: • I’m OK, you’re OK – ideal • I’m OK, you’re not OK – get away from me • I’m not OK, you’re OK – I’ll never get anywhere • I’m not OK, you’re not OK – get rid of each other
  • 12. Transactional Analysis • Explanation – teaching about TA • Illustration – elaborates a point • Confirmation – points out a recurrence of a previously modified behavior • Interpretation – explains to the child ego state the reasons for a client’s behavior • Crystallization – final step, the client gives up playing games