Mendelian genetics describes two laws: the law of segregation, where allele pairs separate during meiosis and randomly unite at fertilization, and the law of independent assortment, where allele pairs separate independently so that traits are transmitted independently. Mendel demonstrated the law of segregation through a experiment with pea plants where the F1 generation offspring from a cross between yellow and green pod parents all had green pods, and the law of independent assortment through studying smooth vs. wrinkled pea traits.

1. Mendelian Genetics

2. Law of Segregation-allele pairs separate
during meiosis and randomly unite at
fertilization

3. Law of Segregation
When Mendel performed cross-pollination between a true-breeding yellow pod plant and a true-breeding green pod plant, he noticed that all of the resulting offspring, F1 generation, were green.

4. Independent Assortment-Allele pairs
separate independently-traits are
transmitted independently

5. Independent Assortment

6. S= smooth
s= wrinkled

7. Dominant (G)/Recessive (g)

8. Alleles
alternate form of a gene-located at a
specific position of a specific chromosome
Two alleles for each trait (one from mother and
one from father)

9. Binomial Distribution
only two alternative alleles for a given trait,
distribution of phenotypes among offspring

10. Genotype
The genetic makeup for a trait (form of alleles)

11. Phenotype
Expressed, physical characteristic, such as eye color, hair
color, pea pod color, tongue rolling