2. FBI MISSION STATEMENT The mission of the FBI is to protect and defend the United States against terrorist and foreign intelligence threats, to uphold and enforce the criminal laws of the United States, and to provide leadership and criminal justice services to federal, state, municipal, and international agencies and partners.

3. CJIS MISSION STATEMENT Reduce terrorist and criminal activities by maximizing the ability to provide timely and relevant criminal justice information to the FBI and to qualified law enforcement, criminal justice, civilian, academic, employment, and licensing agencies concerning individuals, stolen property, criminal organizations and activities, and other law enforcement related data.

4. CJIS DIVISION

5. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------FINGERPRINT PATTERN RECOGNITION----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6. Federal Bureau of Investigation United States Department of Justice Illustrations of Various Fingerprint Patterns The presence or existence of whorls in finger impressions is used as the basis for the determination of the chief or the primary classification. Each whorl appearing in an or all of the ten fingers has a certain arbitrary or fixed value. The addition of the values represented by such whorls and the indication of the total value is known as the primary classification. Illustrations of the whorl types which are shown on the right of this chart. Illustrations of the other types are shown on the left. PLAIN ARCH PLAIN WHORL TENTED ARCH CENTRAL POCKET RADIAL LOOP DOUBLE LOOP ULNAR LOOP ACCIDENTAL

7. FINGERPRINT PATTERN FREQUENCY

13. LOOP Definition: A LOOP is that type of pattern in which one or more ridges enter upon either side, recurve, touch or pass an imaginary line between delta and core and pass out or tend to pass out upon the same side the ridge entered.

14. FLOW OF RIDGES ULNAR LOOP ULNAR LOOP RADIAL LOOP THE ABOVE PATTERNS SHOW THE DIRECTION RIDGES FLOW IF LOCATED IN THE RIGHT HAND.

15. FLOW OF RIDGES RADIAL LOOP ULNAR LOOP RADIAL LOOP THE ABOVE PATTERNS SHOW THE DIRECTION RIDGES FLOW IF LOCATED IN THE RIGHT HAND.

16. THREE BASIC REQUIREMENTS OF A LOOP 1. Sufficient Recurve 2. Delta 3. Ridge Count - Across a looping ridge CORE SUFFICIENT RECURVE DELTA 3 COUNT LOOP

17. SUFFICIENT RECURVE S S S S 4. 5. 2. 3. 1. S S S S S S Shoulders 6. S S 8. 7. S S S S A SUFFICIENT RECURVE consists of the space between the shoulders of a loop free of any appendages which abut upon it at a right angle on the outside of the recurve.

18. SUFFICIENT RECURVE 9. 10. 11. S S S S S S THE SHOULDERS OF A LOOP are the points at which the recurving ridge definitely turns inward or curves.

19. APPENDAGE Attachment or Connection An appendage striking the outside of the recurve at a right angle will spoil that recurve.

20. LOOP PATTERN AREA T PATTERN AREA T PATTERN AREA includes the CORE, DELTA, and RIDGES which are used in the classification of a loop.

21. TYPELINES T T T T

22. TYPELINES T T T T Definition: The two innermost ridges that are parallel and surround or tend to surround the pattern area.

23. DELTA THE DELTA IS THAT POINT ON A RIDGE AT OR NEAREST THE POINT OF DIVERGENCE OF TWO TYPELINES, AND LOCATED AT OR DIRECTLY IN FRONT OF THE POINT OF DIVERGENCE. Area to be considered in front of the point of divergence of two typelines.

24. DELTAS DOT MEETING OF TWO RIDGES BIFURCATION SHORT RIDGE ENDING RIDGE RECURVING RIDGE

25. CORE CORE CORE CORE CORE THE APPROXIMATE CENTER OF THE PATTERN PLACED UPON OR WITHIN THE INNERMOST SUFFICIENT RECURVE. LOCATED ON THE SHOULDERS OF THE INNERMOST LOOP FARTHEST FROM THE DELTA.

26. CORE CORE CORE CORE CORE LOCATED ON THE SPIKE OR ROD IN THE CENTER OF THE INNERMOST RECURVE, PROVIDED THE SPIKE OR ROD RISES AS HIGH AS THE SHOULDERS.

27. RIDGE COUNTING 1 - Count 2 - Counts 3 - Counts 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 1

28. RIDGE COUNTING C 04 D 04 - COUNTS

29. RIDGE COUNTING C 02 D 02 - COUNTS

30. RIDGE COUNTING C D 17 - COUNTS

31. 03 02 03 C C C D D D D 02 03 01 C C C D D D

32. 04 02 01 C C C D D D 01 02 03 C C C D D D

33. 02 01 02 C C C D D D 01 TT 01 C C C D D D

34. LOOP C D 12 COUNTS

35. LOOP C D 06 COUNTS

36. LOOP C D 02 COUNTS

37. LOOP C D 07 COUNTS

38. LOOP C D 16 COUNTS

39. LOOP C D 23 COUNTS

40. LOOP C D 14 COUNTS

41. LOOP C D 02 COUNTS

42. LOOP C D 13 COUNTS

43. LOOP C D 10 COUNTS

44. LOOP C D 17 COUNTS

45. LOOP C D 10 COUNTS

46. LOOP C D 15 COUNTS

47. LOOP C D 14 COUNTS

48. LOOP C D 05 COUNTS

49. LOOP C D 15 COUNTS

50. LOOP C D 22 COUNTS

51. LOOP C D 03 COUNTS

52. LOOP C D 14 COUNTS

53. LOOP C D 10 COUNTS Join the two loops as one.

54. ULNAR LOOP Ulnar Loops flow toward the little finger. 02 03 03 01 03 03 02 03 02 03 The direction of flow applies to the finger on the hand, not as they appear on the fingerprint card.

55. RADIAL LOOP Radial Loops flow toward the thumb. 03 52 53 03 01 55 01 01 01 53 The direction of flow applies to the fingers on the hand, not as they appear on the fingerprint card.

56. NOTE: When a loop enters and exits from the THUMB side of the hand, the pattern will always be a “Radial Loop.” When a loop enters and exits from the PINKY finger, the pattern will always be an “Ulnar Loop.” There are NO exceptions to this rule! RIGHT HAND ULNA RADIUS

57. LOOP FREQUENCY

58. Questions?