PhD Catalogue AB Faculty 2011

phd projects 2010 – 2011
Faculty oF architecture and Fine art, ntnu

Phd catalogue 2010 / 2011
Faculty oF architecture and Fine art

Faculty of Architecture and Fine Art
Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
Alfred Getz vei 3
7491 Trondheim
Norway

Tel. +47 73550275
Fax. +47 73595094

E-mail: fak-adm@ab.ntnu.no
Web: www.ntnu.no/ab

Front page: Maskros/Dandelion, 10 meters high permanent sculpture in steel & bronze,
Trondheim, Norway, 2007. By artists Are Blytt, Niklas Mulari and Mikael Nilsson.
Photo by Ruth Woods.

Layout by Lars Schanche Bølviken.
Editors: Sarah Speer By, Eli Støa and Kenneth Stoltz.

Print: NTNU-trykk
7491 Trondheim
Norway

Faculty of Architecture and Fine Art, 2011
ISBN 978-82-7551-063-9

contents
4 ForeWord: architecture betWeen art and technology
5 the Faculty oF architecture and Fine art
6 ntnu — Facts and Figures

10 cecilie andersson Flux impulses
12 Julien s. bourrelle Zero emission buildings: energy flows, emissions and boundaries
14 Martin braathen From the revolution of the present to the ‘presence of the past’
16 Mette bye Histories of architectural conservation
18 andreas eggertsen Typologies in environmentally adapted zero emission buildings
20 Klaudia FarKas Architectural integration of photovoltaics
22 Francesco goia Responsive building components and renewable energy sources exploitation in net zero energy/emission buildings
24 steinar grynning Multifunctional transparent facade solutions
26 Ævar hardarson Daring details
28 eli hatlesKog Architecture as a framework for action and change
30 hallgriM hJelMbreKKe Corporate strategy
32 Karin høyland From knowledge about users to premises for planning
34 thoMas haavi Zero emission building envelopes
36 giedre Jarulaitiene Integrated conservation in historic wooden towns of the Baltic sea region
38 Kari hovin KJølle Boundary objects as translation instruments
40 nora Johanne Klungseth The municipal cleaning service
42 tore Kolås Performance of daylight redirection systems for high latitudes
44 nicola lolli Achieve zero emission buildings: the case study of Myhrerenga
46 claudia Moscoso The impact of light and color at the perceived quality of sustainable architecture
48 albogasto John ng’asi The case of land and property disputes and claims in northern Uganda
50 birgit risholt Renovating existing buildings using multifunctional systems for achieving optimal thermal performance ...
52 geir harald saMuelsen Images of gravity
54 Pranita shrestha Policy making from government to governance
56 sverre sondresen A modern tectonic reading of the building heritage
58 britt sørlie The village building
60 ayon KuMar taraFdar Bridging the dichotomy
62 tseWang tashi Modern art in the Tibet autonomous region since the 1940’s
64 Maria teder Transitional use
66 torbJørn tryti Investigation of the pedagogic potential in tectonic studies [in wood]
68 noMeda urboniene The performative participatory artistic practice in forming the notion of public space in a post-communist era
70 Wang yi Quality of physical environment, quality of life
72 Wang yu Cultural heritage in post-disaster planning
74 ruth Woods Shopping with art
76 solvår Wågø Between a rock and a hard place?
78 dongMing Xu Cultural translation: the role of museums in identity formation
80 cecilie Flyen øyen Process related moisture problems in buildings


architecture between art and technology
the Phd Program at the Faculty oF architecture and Fine art, ntnu

The doctoral studies represent an important part of the by climatic changes. In 2009, the Research Council of Norway
research within a university, and in this publication we provide assigned The Faculty of Architecture and Fine Art to host
a brief presentation of current PhD projects at the Faculty of the Research Centre on Zero Emission Buildings (ZEB). Over
Architecture and Fine Art. Our three-year PhD program in the last year we have been recruiting 10 PhD and post doc.
architecture addresses topics in architecture, planning, art candidates to work with ZEB at NTNU. And there will be more
and technology related to important research questions in our candidates over the next eight years. They will join ZEB in order
knowledge field. to develop fundamental knowledge, products and solutions for
zero emission buildings related to their production, operation
The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) and demolition.
encourages research and artistic development work in order
to fulfil the strategic goals for being an international highly Architecture, as a profession and a scientific discipline, needs
recognized university. Research and artistic development work to develop a stronger knowledge base to be competitive as an
is also a priority area for the Faculty of Architecture and Fine industry and recognised as an academic discipline.
Art. We see the PhD education and our PhD candidates as our And we need to tear down the walls and barriers between
most important activity and asset in research, and we are proud academic research and the professional practical development.
to present our active candidates and the subjects for their We see the doctoral studies and our PhD candidates as very
research. important for establishing a stronger knowledge base for both
our education and the professional practise.
The candidates are working in a broad range of subjects related
to architecture and fine art. Architecture is a profession and
a scientific discipline. Architecture can also classify a form of
art and an art work. The knowledge platform for our discipline
builds on traditions and elements from humanities, social
sciences and technology / engineering. A specific character
is that architecture as one of “the making disciplines” also
builds on skills and craftsmanship learned in practice. The
PhD studies and research work in our faculty also reflects the
broad knowledge platform for our discipline. Our candidates are
working with development work and reflections in fine art, in
planning and development studies, in architectural theory and
history and in architectural design using a “research by design”
approach.

A more sustainable development in architecture, planning Tore I. Haugen
and construction is of vital importance for solving the global Dean
challenges for our society. And the majority of our doctoral Faculty of Architecture and Fine Art,
candidates work with subjects related to challenges caused Norwegian University of Science and Technology

4

faculty of architecture and fine art

the Faculty oF architecture and Fine art

The Faculty Board. Top left to right: Fredrik Shetelig, Odd Joar Oksås, Jon Arne Mogstad, Hans Skotte, Kristin Jarmund, Per Ivar Maudal, Tore I. Haugen.
Front row, left to right: Anne Gjesdal Bjørndal, Anne Grete Hestnes (leader ZEB), Eivind Kasa, Mari Oline Giske Stendebakken, Anne Beim, Christel Sverre.
photo: Kenneth Stoltz / NTNU

The Faculty of Architecture and Fine Art is one of seven facul- • Master of Science in Physical Planning
ties at NTNU, and Norway’s oldest and largest institution for • Master of Science in Urban Ecological planning
education of new architects, dating back to the inauguration of • Master of Science in Sustainable Architecture
the Norwegian Institute of Technology in 1910. A large part of
the country’s architects are educated here. The faculty has more than 500 students in the various architec-
tural studies, and about 100 students in the visual arts. Nearly
The Art Academy in Trondheim (KiT) was founded as an art 40 people are occupied with doctorate/post-doctorate projects.
school just after World War II, and became a public art academy There are 110 employees at the faculty, of which approximately
in 1987. In 1996, KiT merged into the new NTNU, as one of five 55 permanent scientific staff.
departments at the Faculty of Architecture and Fine Art.
The Faculty has experienced a significant economic growth
We offer the following programs: the recent years. This applies especially to the externally
• Master of Science in Architecture funded research activities, such as the Research Centre for
• Bachelor Program in Visual Arts Zero Emission Buildings (ZEB), which has a 300 million budget
• Master of Visual Arts (close to 40 million Euros) for the years 2009-2017. The facul-
• Master of Science in Property Development and Management ty’s annual budget is currently about 15 million euros.
• Experience-based Master of Real Estate and Facility Management

5


ntnu — Facts and Figures

• Specialization in technology and the natural sciences.
• Offers a range of bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral programs in the
humanities, social sciences, economics and public and business adminis-
tration, and aesthetic disciplines.
• Professional degree programs in medicine, psychology, architecture, the
fine arts, music, and teacher education, in addition to technology.
• 7 faculties and 53 departments.
• 20.000 students, half of whom are studying technology-related subjects or
the natural sciences.
• 48 per cent of NTNU students are female.
• About 3.100 degrees awarded each year, of which 800 are bachelor’s
degrees, 2.000 are master’s degrees and 300 are doctoral degrees.
• About 850 international students.
• Dozens of international student exchange programs and more than 300
cooperative or exchange agreements with 58 universities around the world.
• 4.700 man-years, more than half of which are in academic or scientific
positions.
• About 2.000 R&D projects at any time.
• More than 100 laboratories.
• Participant in 60 projects in the European Commission’s 6th and 7th
framework programs.
• Close cooperation with SINTEF, an R&D organization with 1.800
employees (both co-located with NTNU in Trondheim, and in Oslo).
• Sponsorship and cooperation agreements with Norwegian and interna-
tional business and industry.
• Annual budget NOK 4.7 billion (approx. 600 million Euros)
• We own or rent premises with a total area of 575 000 sqm.
• NTNU Library has 2.8 million printed volumes, 46.300 electronic books
and 11.800 electronic journals

photo: Mentz Indergaard / NTNU Info

6


7


cecilie andersson

Flux imPulses
— Villages in the city and migrant residents in transForming urban
realms, guangzhou, china.

project description
I explore how the presence and the influence of rural-urban I want to know what subjective positions migrants use as
migrants transform the social and physical organization of responses to contradictions in expectations and experiences
the urban village and the surrounding city, in the case of the of being in the city, on the margin. What shapes are generated
village-in-the-city-phenomenon (VIC) in the Pearl River Delta through the organization of negotiable borders, appropriation
(PRD), China. of space through modifications, or time and space sharing of
interest?
In many urban villages the majority of the population is
temporary migrant residents staying for only three months on As an approach to my research I have initiated several
average. In their nomadic relation to the city the ‘floating popu- small-scale, low-cost actions in urban villages, and thereof
lation’ attaches to the densest urban structures in the Chinese “harvested” narratives, through open-ended processes of
urban realm; a site of displacement; the VIC. co-research with migrant participants exemplified by: Renting
and upgrading a dwelling-house for jobless migrants who
The general urban development with growing sprawl caused share their diaries as their tenant contribution, initiating a long-
the urban village to reorient. However, today, the migrants term photo-documentation project, for migrant participants,
are seen as the interruption of the traditional village life with producing “vandal-sandals” in urban villages listed for demoli-
their massive migration and temporary character. Likewise, tion, to collect cultural impressions of vanishing resources,
the migrant population is seen to interrupt the wanted ‘harmo- arranging workshops for architect-students constructing
nious urban development’ and the modernization–image of the physical and organisational implementations in urban villages.
surrounding city by operating in it, as if it was a village.

I examine the transforming mechanisms in three of the 138
urban villages located in the city of Guangzhou. In the midst
of these urban dynamic processes and conflicting discourses

10


Collage showing the tricycle-paths in the financial district around the urban village of Xian Cun, Guangzhou.
illustration: Cecilie Andersson

inForMation
candidate: Cecilie Andersson
department: Urban Design and Planning
phone: (+47) 73 59 50 20
e-mail: cecilie.andersson@ntnu.no

education: M.Arch Bergen School of Architecture
project start: February 2007
supervisors: Hans Christie Bjønness (NTNU), Lisbet Sauarlia (NTNU)

11


Julien s. bourrelle

zero emission buildings: energy Flows,
emissions and boundaries
— the deVeloPment oF a robust energy and emission calculation tool
to eValuate Future zero emission buildings in norway.

project description
The global community aims to reduce net greenhouse gas Different national ZEB calculation methodologies are surveyed
emissions, notably by a reduction in energy consumption in in collaboration with the international community through the
buildings. The development of Zero Emission Buildings (ZEBs) IEA SHC Task 40 / ECBCS Annex 52. Relevant calculation
is a promising solution to the problem of greenhouse gas emis- methodologies proposed by a selection of countries are inves-
sions. However, this type of building currently lacks a common tigated further. The different approaches and parameters used
definition, or even a common understanding. in these methodologies are to be adapted to the Norwegian
realities and the scope of Norwegian ZEBs. Furthermore,
Under the umbrella of The Research Centre on Zero Emission the concepts surrounding energy flows in technologically
Buildings, this project aims to set up the basis for defining an advanced dwellings and traditional buildings are investigated
energy and emission calculation methodology for zero emis- in relation with the proposed methodologies.
sion buildings in Norway. The different flows of energy and
the possible boundaries associated with energy calculation A robust energy and emission calculation methodology will
are being investigated with a focus on compliance rather than insure that incentives provided to the industry by policymakers
design. Also, the analysis tackles the environmental, economic will result in the development of buildings which truly will
and social implications of the different variables to be included contribute to the long term reduction of greenhouse gas emis-
into such calculations. sions urged by the scientific community.

12


An illustration on the multitude of paths energy follows across buildings. How can a robust accounting method be developed?
illustration: Julien S. Bourrelle, Kevin Sanouiller and Fanny Jacquet

inForMation
candidate: Julien S. Bourrelle
department: Architectural Design, History and Technology
phone: (+47) 73 59 33 46
e-mail: julien.bourrelle@ntnu.no
education: M.Sc. Astronautics, Technische Universität München;
M.Sc. Astronautics, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
project start: August 2009
supervisors: Arild Gustavsen (NTNU), Inger Andresen (NTNU), Øyvind Aschehoug (NTNU),
Tor Helge Dokka (NTNU)

13


Martin braathen

From the reVolution oF the Present to the
‘Presence oF the Past’
— architecture and autonomy in norway 1970-1980

project description
The historical research project From the Revolution of the The main focus is on the one hand, the change in the critique
Present to ‘The Presence of the Past’: Architecture and of architectural modernism - from the early 1970s’ criticism
Autonomy in Norway 1970-1980 will study how postmod- of the authoritarian architect and the turn towards participa-
ernist ideas appeared in the architectural discourse in Norway tion and «architecture without architects,» to the critique of
between 1970-1980; both how international ideas were inter- modernism as abstract and “meaningless” of the 1980’s. On
preted in the Norwegian context and what ideas that repre- the other hand, it will focus on the shift in the architecture insti-
sented a distinctive ‘Norwegian postmodernism’. More than tution’s view of its societal autonomy — from a degradation of
the introduction of some new paradigm, it is the transforma- the institution’s autonomy in relation to other fields such as
tion between two seemingly very different political and ideo- politics or the media in the 60’s, through a depreciation of the
logical positions that is happening in this decade that will be institution in its entirety in the radical political circles in the
the main interest of study. In particular, it’s the transition from 70’s, to the insistence on a fully autonomous discipline with its
the iconoclastic, politically oriented architecture culture of own self-sufficient formal language as it appears at Presence of
1960’s, to the language-, symbol-, and history-focused critique the Past — the Venice Architecture Biennale in 1980.
of modernism in the post-modern architecture institution.

14


St. Olav Church, Trondheim, erected in 1973. Architect: Per Kartvedt.
photo: Dag Nilsen

inForMation
candidate: Martin Braathen
phone: (+47) 90 57 61 12
e-mail: martin.braathen@ntnu.no

education: M.Arch, NTNU
project start: September 2009
supervisor: Dag Nilsen (NTNU)

15


Mette bye

histories oF architectural conserVation
FiVe case studies on the treatment oF norwegian Vernacular heritage
buildings , circa 1920-1980

project description
The aim of this study has been to explore why and how cultural significant general themes in building conservation throughout
built heritage has been altered and modified when the implied this period. The case studies may also be read separately, as
overall motive is to preserve. The study addresses the relation- self-contained narratives; examples of conservation practice at
ship between ideals of building conservation, and its practice a specific time and place; or as illustrations of the culture, or
in the form of restoration, regeneration or maintenance on cult, of architectural conservation at the point of intersection
wooden, vernacular homes in Norway. Within this typological between professional idealism and the realities of everyday life.
frame, the study seeks to explore prevailing ideologies and
strategies in building conservation, and whether and how All the buildings examined in the case studies were shown to
these change over time. Considering the contribution of this have been altered since their designation as cultural heritage,
research, three themes may be put forward: the objects of some significantly. The case studies demonstrate treatment
the study which is vernacular buildings as opposed to archi- ranging from the extremes of demolition and replacement
tectural monuments, the focus on the specific treatment of a with new structures to well organized, regular and exemplary
specific building as opposed to a more general and theoretical maintenance, with intermediate types of treatment including
approach, and giving voice to the antiquarian in conservation relocation, adaptive architecture, modernization and restora-
practice as a means of explaining the alleged undercommuni- tion and regeneration and repair . None of the buildings in the
cated intentions of the professional conservation community. case studies exemplify treatment which was entirely according
to the ideal conservation practice in the strictest sense. The
The empirical basis of the research is five case studies in five findings demonstrate that for the majority of the cases, the
different locations, which comprise a total of 19 individual ideal solutions proposed by the professional conservation
buildings. Melhus vicarage, consists of one single listed community, however pragmatic, were subject to negotiation
building in Melhus, Sør-Trøndelag county; three buildings and compromise. In some cases the consequences were
which are each set in a different rural farmyard context in severe; if not for the area character, then for the original design
Gudbrandsdalen in the county of Oppland; Sohlbergrekka in and fabric of the individual buildings.
Røros, a row of listed buildings in an urban setting, also in the
county of Sør-Trøndelag; Rosesmuggrenden, a conservation All buildings in the case studies represent conservation
area in Bergen in Hordaland county; and Sjøgata in Mosjøen a through use. Continued active use of vernacular architectural
conservation area in Vefsn, Nordland county. heritage was endorsed by the conservation community from
the beginning, and solutions for housing standard improve-
The case studies cover architectural conservation practice ments were frequently part of the antiquarians’ prescribed
in Norway in the time frame from 1920 to the early 1980s. treatment. Despite this, the end products of treatment reflect
The intention has been that each case should touch upon conservation ideals to a very variable extent.

16


Etter snestorm (After the snowstorm), by Harald Sohlberg in 1903. These buildings in Røros were often referred to as Sohlbergrekka,
the Sohlberg row, after his painting. Five of the buildings were listed in 1923. Harald Sohlberg (1869-1935) lived in Røros from
1902-1907. (Copyright Nasjonalgalleriet)

inForMation
candidate: Mette Bye
phone: (+47) 41 66 00 04
e-mail: mette.bye@hist.no

education: Cand. Philol. University of Bergen
project start: The doctoral thesis was defended successfully in November 2010
supervisor: Professor Eir Grytli (NTNU)

17


andreas eggertsen

tyPologies in enVironmentally adaPted
zero emission buildings
— what are the characteristics oF enVironmentally adaPted zero
emission building concePts and strategies?

project description
Zero Emission Buildings are designed with the objective to Cultural-, Social- and Economical Environments of the specific
construct buildings with no negative impact on the greenhouse context is sought to be understood by mapping architectural and
gas balance of the atmosphere. The ambition demands a energy concepts in search of meaningful interdependencies. The
systemic approach with energy and the environment in focus, ambition of the project is to identify patterns of characteristics of
but still with human health and enjoyment as point of origin for ZEB and the connectivity of the building with the context, to ease
the design process. For environmentally adapted Zero Emission communication and facilitate better visualization and compre-
Buildings to form sustainable settlements attractive for the user hension of Environmentally Adapted Zero Emission Building.
the design must strive to create social arenas for meetings in
delightful environments, where activities take place with a good topological optimization
quality of life, accessible for all. Comfortable in door climate with The identified concepts will be evaluated and structured into
minimal use of health- and environmentally harmful materials a taxonomy of typologies illustrating a range of solutions for
create safe and sound spaces for work, play and recreation. ZEB concepts suitable for specific climatic and environmental
Robust solutions and materials with low life cycle costs, long conditions used for scenario based design methodologies of
lifespan and details designed for ease of separation, recycling topology optimization in architectural design. The methodology
or reuse ensure low ecological footprint. Outdoor spaces and is intended to strengthen communication and ease the dialogue
planting designed with varied character enhances the natural on environmentally adapted ZEB by further development of para-
qualities of the site and improves biodiversity and strengthen the metric methods and real world data modelling to investigate how
relation between the user and the site. Climate protected spaces boundary conditions of Environmentally Adapted Zero Emission
and pedestrian comfort enables public forums and social activity. Buildings drive formfinding of sustainable settlements.
Well functioning infrastructure, easy access to public transport
with safe and enjoyable walking and bicycle conditions minimizes implementation
energy consumption and make way for sustainable urban habits. The implementation of the identified methods, concepts and
strategies is sought to be tested and understood through case
developing a vocabulary studies and by following the design process of pilot projects for
The qualities stated above are but some of the qualities that char- the ZEB centre. The taxonomy of ZEB concepts is applied with
acterize sustainable architecture. For human settlements with the focus on communication through the means of Digital Design
aspiration to unfold in the spirit of natural processes the buildings tools, Evolutionary Algorithms and Design to Production technol-
can not be separated from the context and the surrounding envi- ogies to investigate the translation of architectural concepts into
ronment of which they are a part. This research will investigate the built form in search of an understanding of the complex relation-
structure of relationships within the larger system of which the ships between user, building and environment on development of
building is a part. How the ZEB building connects to the Natural-, sustainable growth and placemaking.

18


Bislingen Naturhotel - Concept for a Zero Emission Hotel in Nordmarka, by Snøhetta

inForMation
candidate: Andreas Eggertsen
e-mail: andreas.eggertsen@ntnu.no

education: M.Sc. Architecture, Aalborg University
project start: October 2010
supervisors: Annemie Wyckmans (NTNU), Inger Andresen (NTNU)

19


Klaudia FarKas

architectural integration oF
PhotoVoltaics
— Formal and symbolic aesthetics oF PV

project description
The principal task of the building skin is to create a comfort- of these components play an important role as well. There is
able shelter and protection from elements. However it has also a need to find the architectural language of PV products to
been a platform of art and expression of symbolic meanings. enhance future developments and change the perception from
Recently a contemporary and innovative possibility and func- a technical device to a building component.
tion of the building envelope came into focus: the building skin
as a responsive component of a low energy concept. Several The PhD project investigates the formal and symbolic
building surfaces are suitable for solar products, especially for aesthetics of photovoltaics and the perception of BIPV projects
photovoltaics that generate electricity. among architects. The projects used for investigation are public
building facades with custom-made PV products, where the
Lately a variety of products have been developed to match experimentation to find the architectural language and integra-
building integration and architects’ needs. The basic aim is tion in the overall design is stronger. Moreover public buildings
to produce clean electricity. However, while the solar module have a more important representational and educational role
becomes part of the building skin, it might have multiple struc- through their facades that are exposed to the public.
tural functions and could require aesthetical integration into
the overall design concept. The aim is to develop criteria for architectural integration and
guidelines for architects for widespread use of this technology.
There are several barriers that prevent architects from using Moreover the results of the thesis will provide guidelines for
the potentials of this technology. Economy and lack of knowl- producers to develop products that meet architects needs for
edge are crucial issues, while the perception and prejudices architectural integration.

20


inForMation
candidate: Klaudia Farkas
phone: (+47) 47 44 55 30
e-mail: klaudia.farkas@ntnu.no

education: M.Arch and Eng, Budapesti Tanítóképzö Föiskola
supervisors: Anne Grete Hestnes (NTNU), Inger Andresen (NTNU)

21


Francesco goia

resPonsiVe building comPonents and
renewable energy sources exPloitation in
net zero energy/emission buildings

project description
During the last years, the research activity in the field of building to limit as much as possible the use of fossil fuels for indoor
components and building services has led to the identification environment control. Such minimization can come from the
and development of numerous solutions able to considerably redistribution of the energy fluxes where and when they are
reduce the energy consumption in buildings. needed in the building: energy gains produced by solar systems
or waste energy can freely be redistributed from one part of the
However, as the energy efficiency of the whole building building to another (e.g. from the east to the west side, or from
increases, the possibility to further upgrade its energy different zones of the building with different uses, e.g. from the
performance becomes more and more limited. Therefore, office or shopping area to the residential area) or stored for
new concepts and solutions that are able to operate with the further uses.
marginal opportunities offered by energy sources with low
exergy levels and to better exploit solar energy are necessary. Because of the very complex task, such technological advance-
“Active” and “adaptive” building components (the so-called ments will require an integrated approach which involves
“Responsive Building Elements” RBEs, as defined by IEA-ECBCS research on different levels (e.g. concept level, system level,
Annex 44) integrated with innovative building service tech- component level…) and on the entire building components
nologies and with systems for solar energy exploitation may catalogue (building envelope technologies, building services,
represent a promising solution to this issue. renewable technologies, energy storage…).

The research activity deals with the identification, develop- Within the research activity, a particular focus is placed on
ment, and assessment of possible configurations of dynamic the development and assessment (by numerical modelling/
building skins, combined with small size traditional HVAC simulations and by experimental activities) of active and
systems, with solar systems (thermal and PV systems), and responsive building skins. In fact, because of the key role that
with energy storage technologies, in order to develop inte- the building enclosure system plays in controlling the energy
grated, “organic” solutions for Zero Emission/Energy Buildings and mass flows leaving and entering the indoor environment,
(ZEBs). These systems should be able to proactively manage the dynamic and active building envelope is a very promising
the energy gains, to exploit different (and low exergy level) concept. It is expected to provide a substantial contribution,
renewable energy sources, to store thermal energy, and to together with the other integrated systems, to reach the ZEB
redistribute it within the building itself. The aim of these target.
systems is to provide a high-quality indoor environment and

22


The activity dealing with integrated and active building skins requires research on different levels, from the concept level (a) to
the material level (c), passing through the technology/component level (b). All the levels require features that enable a dynamic
and responsive behaviour of the system.
illustrations: (a) A. van der Aa, Designing with Responsive Building Elements; (b) the Polyvalent Wall by Mike Davies; (c) ATP
membrane transport.

inForMation
candidate: Francesco Goia
department: Architectural Design, History and Technology (NTNU),
Energetics (Politecnico di Torino)
e-mail: francesco.goia@ntnu.no, francesco.goia@polito.it
education: M.Sc. Architecture, Politecnico di Torino, M.Sc. Architecture, Politecnico di Milano,
PG. Master in Materials for Energy and Environment, Università del Piemonte Orientale
project start: January 2010
supervisors: Matthias Haase (NTNU), Marco Perino (Politecnico di Torino)

23


steinar grynning

multiFunctional transParent Facade
solutions

project description
The total energy use related to the building industry constitutes energy into buildings.
approximately 40% of the worlds gathered energy use. It is
therefore vital to reduce the energy consumption in this sector. Based on this, heat, moisture, and lighting technical challenges
New building regulations constantly sharpen the demands relevant to the design of the building envelope, will make up
for energy consumptions in buildings. A large part of the heat the main parts of this thesis, as well as studies of the CO2
loss in buildings occurs through the glazed parts of the enve- emissions related to the various systems. The main focus will
lope. Based on these facts one should further investigate the be directed towards the transparent parts of the envelope.
possibilities of reducing this heat loss. In addition, large glazed Systems for shading and control of the incident solar radiation
areas in a facade will, in general, give raise to a cooling need and the total heat transportation through the facades will be
in the building. If one can find systems to control the incident studied using theoretical and experimental methods.
solar radiation in a desired way it will reduce energy demands
related to cooling, thus giving an even greater energy savings objective
potential. • The starting goal of this thesis is to establish competence
within the field of transparent facade technologies, i.e.
The effect of shading systems and dynamic control of these state-of-the-art on transparent facades.
systems on the cooling and heating demand in buildings has • Establishing of central performance parameters for theo-
previously been studied in several publications (Laouadi, 2010, retical and experimental assessment of building envelope
Rosenkrantz, 2003; Brunoro, 2007, Poirazis 2005). However energy and daylighting performance.
none of these have studied the effect of such shading devices • The main part of the thesis will be based around quantita-
in combination with high performance glazing (i.e. glazings tive work, i.e numerical and analytical assessment as well
with U-values below 0.6-0.7 W/m2K) on buildings located in as laboratory and field studies of energy use for building
a Nordic climate. components as well as entire buildings.
• Development and construction of full-scale test cell for
Another important, and previously neglected, research topic is measurement of full-size facade elements and components.
life cycle analysis and CO2-emission calculations for the facade • The main objective of the work is to create a broadened
solutions. Evaluation of different construction principles and knowledge base on which to establish correlations between
solutions will be performed due to today’s heightened focus the different envelope parts and their effect on the net
on energy use and CO2 emissions. And windows and glazed energy use and CO2 emissions of future (Zero Emission)
facades are in this regard particularly interesting assemblies buildings.
since they, in addition to losing energy, also admit renewable

24


Solar energy can be harvested to lower the energy need and provide vital visible light in a building.
illustration: Byggforskserien nr. 571.954, SINTEF

inForMation
candidate: Steinar Grynning
phone: (+47) 73 59 33 75
e-mail: steinar.grynning@ntnu.no

education: M.Sc. NTNU
supervisors: Arild Gustavsen (NTNU), Berit Time (SINTEF), Matthias Haase (NTNU)

25


Ævar hardarson

daring details
— a study oF design related building deFects in examPles oF
modern architecture

project description
The goal of the research project has been to examine design- projects spanning 60 years have been analysed. A databank of
related building defects, in particular through examples of cases has been created which contains over 50 creative inter-
innovative architecture from the 20th century, where defects national architectural works, all of which have had building
have been a common problem. The research findings will be defects.
of use to architectural students, practising architects and other
building project leaders. The Research revealed that there are similar building defects in
the U.S., Norway and Iceland. Common patterns are flaws in
The theoretical framework for the project is well known archi- the design of details. In most cases there are defects in mois-
tectural theories. The research focus is on the relationship ture protection. It appears that the designers put their focus on
between normative theories on form and aesthetics, design aesthetics and ignored common knowledge of sound building
of the building envelope and theories on building defects. practices. The driving force appears to be in the daring design
Particular focus has been on whether the cause of building details, presented as aesthetic ideals and doctrines by creative
defects is due to flaws in planning, defects in design or architects.
mistakes in the construction phase. Environmental and local
climate forces have also been studied. The conclusions of the research project will have special
significance in the education of architects and other designers,
The research method has been qualitative case studies where who work with form and detail design in architecture.
the design and building history of four innovative building

26


outside

inside
Detail of Fallingwater USA 1937
illustration: Ævar Hardarson and Albina Thordarson

inForMation
candidate: Ævar Hardarson
department: Architectural Design and Management
phone: (+354) 445 8005, (+354) 895 8161
e-mail: avar.hardarson@gmail.com, avarh@ark.ntnu.no
education: M.Arch, Oslo School of Architecture and Design
supervisors: Tore Haugen (NTNU), Ragnar Sigbjørnsson (University of Iceland)
Jan Vincent Thue (NTNU),Helge Solberg (NTNU)

27


eli hatlesKog

architecture as a Framework For action
and change
— community ParticiPation strategies For brøset, trondheim

project description
In order to shape a more sustainable world there are many learn about sustainable living and initiate change at a local
governmental targets which may be set. Whilst these targets level.
can help to define an overall vision for a city or nation, they
do not necessarily filter down successfully to a local level. For The observations, reflections and actions of a specially
sustainability to be comprehensive, this research suggests that, designed unit of architecture students have enabled the
action and architecture can be used to educate, empower and Research by Design phase of this Action Research. The evalua-
engage a community and assist them in making and managing tion and modification of these early stages hopes to lead to the
their own small steps towards sustainable living. design of a framework for community actions at Brøset.

The planned future suburb of Brøset in Trondheim, Norway, has The design of this structure aims to reflect local skills, mate-
a strong vision. It aims to make environmentally friendly living rials and interests. In order for the community to take owner-
easy and cut the CO2 emissions of its residents to 3 tons per ship of the site, they will be encouraged to both participate in
year. As a pilot project of the Framtidens Byer (Future Cities) and drive the design, construction, activity programming and
initiative, it hopes to become a model for multidisciplinary management stages.
planning processes in Norway.
The research supposes that through the act of building, making
Alongside the formal targets and planning process, this PhD and participating, people learn small changes they can make
research is investigating whether architecture can be used as towards sustainable living, at the same time as supporting the
part of an active community process enabling people to both visions of government.

28


Transport

Café
Future
Infrastructure Sports centre

Local
Park

Kindergarten

Climate neutrality

inForMation
candidate: Eli Katrina Hatleskog
phone: (+47) 92 64 06 26
e-mail: eli.hatleskog@ntnu.no

education: M.Arch, Architecture Association School of Architecture
supervisors: Eli Støa (NTNU), Annemie Wyckmans (NTNU), Stig Larssæther (NTNU)

29


hallgriM hJelMbreKKe

corPorate strategy
— consequences For choice oF concePt and goVernance in building Projects

project description
strategic goals and needs research
A corporate strategy describes how the organization has planned The research focuses on how to improve processes and make
to create long term value for the owners, clients and society investments succeed in achieving higher certainty for effect for
(Kaplan, Norton 2004). In this strategic thinking are the long- the owner’s core business. The main research question is:
term goals described as well as tools and policy instruments «What is the impact for businesses to let the strategic and tactical
which are going to be used to obtain those. In a society character- goals govern the objectives of a building project?»
ized by growth and changes, a building project is a one of the
frequent (and important) used tools to achieve the strategic and Method
superior goals. The research is carried out through a literature study with the
following goals: Definitions, search for established process tools
success and methods of project governance, tools and methods for
To which extent the project is a success or not will be dependent assessment of effect of projects.
on goal achievement on three levels: operational, tactical and
strategic. In the operational perspective the project should be A quantitative survey is set up to determine to which extent
carried out efficiently, delivering the planned outcome regarding management principles and strategic tools used in the organiza-
time, cost and quality. In the tactical perspective the main objec- tion as a whole are active in implementation of building projects.
tive is to reach the goals with regard to relevance, suitability for A second objective is to determine what the decision basis is for
the user, and effect on productivity. In the superior and strategical building projects and to which extent, areas and levels of goals
perspective the project must have an importance for the organi- are defined.
zation’s sustainability (Samset 2003).
A set of pilot studies have been accomplished and three major
Strategical processes in building projects case studies will be done with the following focus areas:
Most companies perform structured strategic processes and use • Does the project development reflect and implement the
them as a tool to implement an internal general understanding owner’s tactical and strategic corporate goals?
and acceptance for tactical and operational actions. • Are there visible connections between strategic, tactical
and operational goals in organisational performance and the
The well-performed tactical and strategical processes of project?
successful companies are not so visible when it comes to devel- • Are the stated goals connected to the performances after
opment and implementation of investments in building projects. project implementation?
It is a paradox that a building project, as a long term investment, • Does management by objectives add significant value and
is not subjected to the same principles for overall management by effect?
objectives as is the company’s core activities. • Identify evaluation methods and give recommendations for
assessment of the effect of project.

30


The choice of concept is one of the first and most important actions to align the owners strategic goals with the project.
photo: Rambøll

inForMation
candidate: Hallgrim Hjelmbrekke
department: Civil and Transport Engineering
phone: (+47) 93 24 31 42
e-mail: hallgrim.hjelmbrekke@ntnu.no

education: Master in Real Estate and Facilities Management, NTNU
supervisors: Geir Hansen (NTNU), Ola Lædre (NTNU)

31


Karin høyland

From knowledge about users to Premises
For Planning
«inclusiVe design» as a method For a more user driVen innoVation in
architecture

project description
The Norwegian State administration wishes to encourage an experienced and used by families with children. The investi-
increased focus on usability or the user friendliness of build- gation is introduced by a literature review, providing a map
ings and environments. An “inclusive design strategy” aims to of current knowledge within the field of urban childhood. The
increase this focus. The thesis discusses how inclusive design aim is to identify what the built environment should support in
may be used as an approach to improve user friendliness in children’s everyday life. The architectural quality of the three
architecture. The overall goal of the research is to show how projects will be discussed in the light of two perspectives: How
knowledge about the interplay between people and the built are the objectives of a child friendly environment expressed
environment can provide important input in the search for new and translated into physical structures, or in other words:
and innovative architectural solutions. More specifically, the What are the buildings meant to do? And how do the users
objective is to contribute to the development of a planning experience and use them?
and design approach within architecture based on “user driven
innovative design”. Finally, the thesis will conclude by discussing implications the
findings from the case studies may have for planning and archi-
The approach will be further developed through investigating tectural practice and research. How can the results contribute
a selected user perspective and one type of built environ- to the development of a more user driven approach within the
ment. The case study focuses on urban housing projects, field of architecture?

32


photo: Geir Mogen

inForMation
candidate: Karin Høyland
phone: (+47) 93 02 89 01
e-mail: karin.hoyland@ntnu.no, karin.hoyland@sintef.no

project start: 2006
supervisor: Eli Støa (NTNU), Geir Hansen (NTNU)

33


thoMas haavi

zero emission building enVeloPes
— ProPerties, details and solutions

project description
It is getting more and more obvious that our way of living in the The overall objective of the research is to obtain sustainable
industrialized world is not sustainable. The use of non-regen- building envelope solutions, aiming to reduce the total emis-
erating natural resources is not in balance with what nature is sions of the building during the life cycle.
able to provide in long term. In this context, the main focus in
recent years has been on global heating caused by greenhouse The research will focus on wall structures with insulation and
gas (GHG) emissions. heat storage materials which can be divided into three groups:
• High tech materials such as Vacuum Insulation Panels
In World Energy Outlook – 2008, it is stated that energy (VIP), Aerogels, Gas Filled Panels (GFP) and Phase Change
efficiency is the measure that will give the largest and fastest Materials (PCM).
reduction of GHG emissions. With a 450ppm scenario (CO2 • Standard materials such as mineral wool, EPS and XPS.
concentration in the atmosphere), which corresponds with an • Low tech materials such as hardwood and wood fibre.
aim of 2˚C maximum global temperature increase, it is esti-
mated that energy efficiency will have to contribute with 54%
of the reductions of GHG emissions.

The potential for energy efficiency in buildings is well docu-
mented. In this context, insulation of the building envelope is
a major contributor, both regarding energy efficiency and cost.

34


inForMation
candidate: Thomas Haavi
phone: (+47) 98 23 04 42
e-mail: thomas.haavi@ntnu.no

education: M. Sc. Mechanical Engineering, NTNU
project start: May 2009
supervisor: Arild Gustavsen (NTNU)

35


giedre Jarulaitiene

integrated conserVation in historic
wooden towns oF the baltic sea region
— the assessment oF conserVation in Practice

project description
The PhD research study is an analysis of the implementa- such policies in practice. Therefore this PhD research project
tion of conservation plans in practice by assessing the role of is divided into two phases, first of which is focused on the
traditional building skills in protected urban areas. The project in-depth ethnography in the on-going conservation project of
aims at improving the body of knowledge about the urban one building within a chosen case of a protected urban area.
conservation in practice by tracing and describing the actual The second phase of the project concentrates on the protected
networks. There is a hypothesis to be tested that the integrated urban area itself and will involve the exploration of use, supply
urban conservation promotes the use, supply and demand of and demand of traditional building skills and the role of various
traditional building skills. The main research question aims actors. The second phase will be concluded by conducting
at answering the question, “What is the role of traditional an explanatory study of the causal relationships within the
building skills in integrated conservation practice and planning described and explored networks.
of protected urban areas?”

Even though the link between the integrated conservation
and the use of traditional materials and skills was stated by
the international legislative documents already in the 1970’s,
very little research has been done on the implementation of

36


The example of traditional materials used in conservation, Kokkola (Finland), 2008.
photo: Giedre Jarulaitiene

inForMation
candidate: Giedre Jarulaitiene
phone: (+47) 73 55 12 58
e-mail: giedre.jarulaitiene@ntnu.no

education: Master in Heritage Conservation and Management, Vilniaus Universitetas
supervisors: Eir Ragna Grytli (NTNU), Dag Kittang (NTNU)

37


Kari hovin KJølle

boundary objects as translation
instruments
— a strategy For a decision-making Process in brieFing and design oF
sPaces For interaction

project description
The purpose of the PhD project is to gain knowledge and
further understanding of the relationship between the user’s
brief and the design of physical environment for interactions in
the knowledge workplace.

The project aims to contribute to the knowledge and under-
standing of how architects and interior designers interpret
user needs into the design of knowledge workplaces. The
investigations will be limited to the briefing and design stages.
Furthermore, the investigations will be limited to a focus on
how workplaces for collaboration and interaction are trans-
formed and implemented into design.

The main focus is on how instruments as ‘boundary objects’ can
be used as a means of translation and may make the briefing
and the design processes easier. The concept ‘boundary
objects’ is derived from the field of science and technology
studies. Boundary objects are defined as half-worked created
objects, non-human objects such as artefacts, tools, methods
and analytical concepts which maintain a common identity
across borders during the transformation phase.

38


Activities and artefacts defined as boundary objects used in a briefing process.
photo: Kari Hovin Kjølle

inForMation
candidate: Kari Hovin Kjølle
department: Architectural Design and Management, Department of Buildings (SINTEF)
phone: (+47) 93 20 68 05
e-mail: kari.h.kjolle@sintef.no
education: M. Arch NTNU
supervisors: Siri Hunnes Blakstad (NTNU), Thomas Berker (NTNU),
Geir Karsten Hansen (NTNU), Tore I. Haugen (NTNU)

39


nora Johanne Klungseth

the municiPal cleaning serVice

project description
The research project will investigate the importance of the
built environment for cleaners and has the municipal cleaner
in centre of investigations. The research project will look into
the history and future development of the municipal cleaning
service and describe the municipal cleaning service today.

The goal for the research project is to gain knowledge regarding
cleaning services in municipalities and regarding buildings’
impact upon cleaning services abilities to support the core
business through seeing building as an enabler and an obstacle
for municipal cleaners.

The purpose of the research project is to provide new knowl-
edge that contributes to developing and improving today’s
municipal facility management. Knowledge that later can be
utilized in briefing and design processes and knowledge that
contributes to an increased focus on, and discussion of, the
usability of buildings.

40


photo: Nora Johanne Klungseth

inForMation
candidate: Nora Johanne Klungseth
phone: (+47) 97 57 31 48
e-mail: nora.klungseth@ntnu.no

education: M.Sc. Real Estate and Facility Management, NTNU
supervisors: Siri Blakstad (NTNU), Nils Olsson (NTNU), Kirsten Arge (SINTEF)

41


tore Kolås

PerFormance oF daylight redirection
systems For high latitudes

project description
Utilization of the daylight resource is highly desired in most simulations. The software TracePro is used to predict the light
buildings. For side-lighted spaces it is a general problem that distribution that can be obtained in a side-lighted space under
most of the diffuse daylight reaches the perimeter zone, and various daylight conditions. The main focus of these studies
the illuminance levels decrease rapidly with the distance from is on the commonly used venetian blind; including both the
the window wall. Direct sunlight is often kept out of the inte- traditional white blind as well as the reflective daylight redi-
riors to reduce glare problems, and as a consequence, building recting blind. The simulations verify previous findings and
interiors are often lighted by artificial sources even at times show that both the optical properties of the blind slats as well
when natural daylight is abundant. as geometrical factors, including the blind tilt, play a major role
in determining interior daylight levels. Another type of daylight
Daylight redirection systems are designed to guide daylight redirection system studied in this project is the laser-cut panel.
towards the back of a room via the ceiling. By this approach As can be seen from the illustration, the laser-cut panel will
a more even light distribution can be obtained, and direct influence the view out towards the surroundings.
sunlight can be utilized without causing visual discomfort for
the building occupants. In addition to daylight supply and daylight distribution, the
potential for viewing is also included as one of the important
In this project the performance of various daylight redirection performance criteria proposed in a new evaluation method for
systems is investigated, primarily with the aid of computer daylight redirection systems.

42


inForMation
candidate: Tore Kolås
department: SINTEF ICT
phone: (+47) 73 59 36 67
e-mail: tore.kolas@sintef.no

supervisor: Barbara Matusiak (NTNU)

43


nicola lolli

achieVe zero emission buildings:
the case study oF myhrerenga
— aPProach to green house gases emission abatement in residential
energy retroFitting

project description
The Green House Gases emissions from the building industry Zero Emission levels can be pursued through low-embodied
is one of the leading causes of the current climatic changes energy and low-emission materials which provide better insu-
and are associated with the building envelope in two ways: lation characteristics than materials commonly employed in
through the life cycle of buildings and through energy the building sector.
consumption used to achieve indoor physical comfort. Since
the material production has been run mainly for the last 50 In order to achieve the above described objectives the research
years by the industrial chains using non-renewable energy is focused on the Myhrerenga Housing cooperative which
sources, the apartment stocks, which were built during this consists of 7 apartment blocks built in 1967-1968, located
time span, can be considered responsible for huge amounts of near Oslo. The research is based on a series of Life Cycle
GHG emissions. Assessment analyses to be carried out using some of the
retrofitting solutions applied to the case study. Each technical
Consequently, the main research issue revolves around how solution is intended to deliver a passive house standard of
to meet a Zero Carbon Emission Building standard with the energy requirement for the building and is analysed in terms
current energy use and the poor thermal performance of of embodied emissions of the materials employed. Each tech-
existing buildings through aimed retrofitting. Of course, the nical solution is then studied from the perspective of architec-
retrofitting involves mainly the improvement of thermal prop- tural flexibility. The above described two criteria are eventually
erties of the building envelopes. Therefore, the aim of achieving matched together in a matrix of assessment criteria.

44


inForMation
candidate: Nicola Lolli
phone: (+47) 45 06 33 20
e-mail: nicola.lolli@ntnu.no

education: M.Arch, Terza Universitá degli Studi di Roma
supervisors: Anne Grete Hestnes (NTNU), Øyvind Aschehoug (NTNU)

45


claudia Moscoso

the imPact oF light and color at the
PerceiVed quality oF sustainable architecture
— studies with adVanced audioVisual equiPment

project description
Sustainable development has gained strength in several disci- counter-productive for human activities in the long term. The
plines in the recent years and architecture has not been exempt current inner ethos of the lighting community is to assure a
from this. The amount of natural light that buildings will have in balance between energy efficient lighting and well-lit environ-
the future is strongly linked with the growth of the population ments that will provide well being and comfort.
in cities and the amount of air pollution, among others. It has
been addressed that one of the possible solutions to creating The aim of this research is thus, to acquire further knowledge
energy efficient buildings will have a direct relation with the of the impact of light and colour on the perception of architec-
fenestration design. Having this in consideration, the future tural space. Once this is scientifically studied, it will be sensible
fenestration will have to find renewed standards regarding to establish new design guidelines of how light contributes
solar energy in the new sustainable building codes. to the architectural space to achieve comfort. It will go from
the subjective to the objective: the research will attempt to
In 1943, a psychological theory was presented by Abraham develop a mapping between the light and colour qualities and
Maslow, concerning his studies of the human’s hierarchy of their correlation with architectural quality descriptors.
needs where he focused on the stages of growth in humans.
Considering the work camp of this program and Maslow’s As a parallel research, but not less important, the studies will
studies, we can place daylight exposure on a first level, as a be conducted making use of new advanced technological
crucial physiological need for human beings and artificial light methods. Virtual environments will simulate real rooms, which
on a second level, due to its importance to human activity can solve the logistics problems that architecture researchers
and its subsequent safety. It is then evident that natural and find when trying to conduct investigation experiments. Virtual
artificial light have a strong importance in the development environment experiments can provide more cost-effective
of our life. A development which makes us think of the future experiments due to less space required, which in turn means a
and how to cover our basic needs. It is then valid to predict the quicker data collection and evaluation process. These simula-
future standards for architecture in correlation with lighting. tion methods will be compared with real environment studies
Approximately 80% of our time is spent indoors and we to prove the accuracy of the results. If the difference between
have recognized that natural and artificial light are crucial for the results is not significant, this could very well become the
the development of our life. To reduce the quality of natural future of architectural studies, using these aids effectively to
and artificial lighting on an energy-efficiency basis would be conserve space and time with less resources.

46


Lighting studies carried out by students in the ROMLAB, AB - Faculty, NTNU
photo: Barbara Matusiak

inForMation
candidate: Claudia Trinidad Moscoso Paredes
department: Architectural Design, Form and Colour Studies
phone: (+47) 73 59 50 95
e-mail: claudia.moscoso@ntnu.no

education: Professional Title of Architect, Universidad Ricardo Palma (Lima-Peru)
supervisors: Barbara Matusiak (NTNU), Gro Lauvland (NTNU)

47


albogasto John ng’asi

Post-conFlict reconstruction and recoVery:

the case oF land and ProPerty disPutes
and claims in northern uganda

project description
The focus of this project is to examine land and property might be approached constructively in a way which furthers
disputes and claims in a post-conflict context. There is no both choice and the prospects for a stable societal recovery.
doubt that violent conflicts are often behind people fleeing their The project would like to contribute to the theoretical frame-
homes and abandoning their land and other property in order work involved in the handling of the critical resource of land,
to save their lives. As relative peace re-emerges, returnees end thus playing a key role in contributing to a peaceful and stable
up going back to their original homes and start to rebuild their recovery after the conflict.
lives by reinstating claims to the only and often most poten-
tially valuable resource left: land. Reinstating claims to land Approaching the research project, three main intertwined
remains the most contested issue and the centre of political themes will be disentangled. These are: the prevailing attitudes
and social confrontation. Northern Uganda is a case in point, towards land and property disputes and claims as exposed
whereas the large-scale return of internally displaced people within the post-conflict context, the changing modes of land
has lead to conflicting claims to land and property ownership. and property ownership, and how the two themes stand a
The conflicting claims is a result of the clash between different chance in guiding efforts directed towards early reconstruc-
modes of land and property ownership and claims on one tion and recovery. The project’s objective sets out to “examine
hand, and the post-conflict attitudes towards land and prop- how war has impacted land and property disputes and claims
erty claims on the other hand, thus making the region a hotbed within the post-conflict reconstruction and recovery nexus”.
of legal wrangling.

It is against this contextual backdrop that this research project
aims at understanding how both land and property claims

48


Post-conflict Commodification of land.
photo: Albogasto John Ng’asi

inForMation
candidate: Albogasto John Ng’asi
department: Urban Design and Planning
phone: (+47) 73 59 50 15, (+47) 974 12 943
e-mail: albogasto.ngasi@ntnu.no

education: MPHL Degree in Development Studies, NTNU
supervisors: Hans Skotte (NTNU), Liv Haram (NTNU)

49


birgit risholt

renoVating existing buildings using
multiFunctional systems For achieVing
oPtimal thermal PerFormance oF the
building enVeloPe

project description
40% of energy use in Norway is related to buildings and the for energy collection and storage when renovating the building
building sector. 80% of the buildings existing today will still envelope shall be evaluated. Criteria and possible solutions for
be in use in 2050. Energy savings in the Norwegian building multifunctional building envelope systems shall be developed.
sector have a potential of saving 12 TWh before 2020. For all solutions and products, criteria fit for use in Norwegian
wood frame buildings shall be discussed. The results can be
In Norway there are approximately 2.44 million dwellings used by construction product manufacturers in their product
including 1.2 million single family houses in Norway. The development.
energy consumption related to single family houses was 30
TWh in 2009. To realize the potential for energy saving in the Building owners need knowledge to select more energy effi-
building sector, it is important that these buildings are reno- cient measures for renovation. A methodology for assessment
vated for optimal thermal performance. The PhD study focuses of existing buildings and renovation measures shall be estab-
on existing single family houses and the possibilities for reno- lished for single family wood frame houses. Based on informa-
vating these buildings to zero emission levels. tion retrieved regarding location, construction and state of
the existing building the building owner shall have the needed
The building industry needs knowledge to develop more information basis for choosing renovation solutions for optimal
energy efficient solutions. Incorporating innovative technology thermal performance of the building envelope.

50


Renovating existing buildings using multifunctional systems for achieving optimal thermal performance of the building envelope.
photo: Birgit Risholt

inForMation
candidate: Birgit Risholt
e-mail: birgit.risholt@ntnu.no

project start: February 2010
supervisors: Professor Anne Grete Hestnes (NTNU), Berit Time (SINTEF),
Tore Kvande (NTNU)

51


geir harald saMuelsen

images oF graVity
— art and climbing as reVersible exPeriences

project description
Il n’y a pas d’homme intérieur, l’homme est au monde et c’est dans Is it reasonable to imagine that the artistic thinking is played
le monde qu’il se connait 1 out in the experience that expresses itself through his climbing?
Maurice Merleau-Ponty And vice versa, can one imagine that his attraction to this
rather unique form of movement that climbing is, similarly is
The objective of the project is to produce images, films and played out in his work with painting, film and photography?
texts that establish a new and hybrid field of study, based
on the research fellow’s experiences both as an artist and a The work in this fellowship period is revolving around the
climber. In other words, the project examines climbing and art production and presentation of films, images and texts and
as two overlapping or even reversible experiences. thus examines the ideas and artworks that unfolds when the
fellow confronts himself and others with such ideas as outlined
Since the mid 80’s, the fellow has spent a lot of time on art, above. Similarly, he wishes to reflect around what artistic
and almost as much time on climbing. Some of the experiences thinking can be and what in this case might be special with his
from the two different disciplines have similarities with each own artistic thinking. How does it manifest itself in his films,
other. Could it be that climbing is unfolding in images and that photos, paintings and texts? And does this artistic thinking
an artistic thinking resonate in climbing? The research fellow unfold itself in climbing?
will to some extent assume that his work with images is linked
to a desire to be in contact with a personal artistic thinking. By
the same token he will also assume that his climbing is linked
to a personal bodily experience.

1
There is no inner man. Man is in the world, and only in the world does he know himself. M.M.P. The phenomenology of the Body. English version

52


Catching light, 2010. Videostill by Geir Harald Samuelsen.

inForMation
candidate: Geir Harald Samuelsen
department: The Trondheim Academy of Fine Art
phone: (+47) 97 58 71 75
e-mail: geirsamu@online.no

education: KHIO, Glasgow School of Art, University of Oslo
supervisors: John Murphy (NTNU/KiT), Eivind Røssaak (Nasjonalbiblioteket)

53


Pranita shrestha

Policy making From goVernment to
goVernance
— case oF making housing Policy For squatter settlements in
kathmandu, nePal

project description
The main aim of this research is to examine the shift in public decision or a set of decisions: why they were taken, how they
management from government to a multi – scale, polycentric were implemented, and with what results (Yin, 2003, p. 12).
model of governance specifically in the case of making housing The main case studies will be the process of formation of a
policy for urban poor – an insight into not only the development recent National Level Policy for squatter settlements which is
and growth of squatter settlements but also into the realpolitik being dealt with by the Department of Urban Development and
of housing policy making in the specific context of Kathmandu, Building Construction (DUDBC) under the Ministry of Physical
the capital of Nepal. In the context of Nepal, squatter settle- Planning and Works. Other case studies will deal with an over-
ments are defined as informal settlements of urban poor, view of two geographically different squatter settlements in
immigrant and marginalized populations on non-claimed land the capital selected according to their respective age. Within
(Joshi and Bjonness, 1987). the case study method, the main sources of data generation
will be interviews, conversations and observations.
Since the focus of this research is an in – depth analysis of a
process, the most appropriate method is case-study method.
The essence of a case study is that it tries to illuminate a

54


‘Khadi Pakha’ is one of the 45 squatter settlements in the capital Kathmandu established in 1981.
photo: Pranita Shrestha

inForMation
candidate: Pranita Shrestha
department: Department of Urban Design and Planning
phone: (+47) 73 59 50 21
e-mail: pranita.shrestha@ntnu.no

education: M.Sc. Urban Ecological Planning NTNU
supervisors: Rolee Aranya (NTNU, Hans Christie Bjønness (NTNU)

55


sverre sondresen

a modern tectonic reading oF the building
heritage
— a method For Finding new architectural concePts

project description
The aim for this thesis is to make use of the tectonic notion as
an analytic instrument in the process of finding modern archi-
tectural answers. The project seeks to use the tectonic notion
as a practical and pedagogical method for analysing different
building- traditions, with the aim of making modern expres-
sions and new architectural concepts based on this traditional
building knowledge.

The investigation is to be carried out both as full-scale projects
(with investigation and documentation during and after the
building process), workshops and student-courses.

«The architects most important task is not to invent a big bang,
but to be sure that the gunpowder is kept dry», Odd Østbye.
«Every place and time has its own expression, without this –
there is no identity», Svein Hatløy.

56


«Prøvrbustad i Hjartdal»
illustration: Mir

inForMation
candidate: Sverre Sondresen
phone: (+47) 92 40 33 38
e-mail: sverresondresen@gmail.com

education: Architect, Bergen School of Architecture
project start: 2010
supervisors: Bendik Manum (NTNU), Bjørn Otto Braaten (NTNU)

57


britt sørlie

the Village building
— a new tyPology in architecture as a Possible sustainable
Planning strategy

project description
Sprawl, as a result of growing cities or as part of rural settle- with environmental, social and economical aspects in relation
ments in the districts, must be addressed in relation to to sustainability, and is formulated as follows: «Is the Village
sustainable development. A concept for a new typology was Building a sustainable alternative for future development?» Three
developed by Mathias Harang, in collaboration, as an entry objectives have been put forward: 1) to evaluate social qualities
to an open international ideas competition in 2007. A typical related to the Village Building; 2) to evaluate are-use, energy-
Norwegian valley was twisted to an urban melting pot for 5000 use and economy related to the Village Building; 3) to further
people, with sustainable potentials. The project was called develop the Village Building as an exhibition, and evaluate
the Village Building. It confronted the sometimes superficial responses.
environmental debate by rearranging known built parameters,
challenging low and widespread built fabric in the countryside. The project is investigated within a Norwegian context, but
may also be applicable to different areas and climates around
Connections between settlement patterns, building form and the world.
the use of recourses are essential in the research on the Village
Building, and the aim is to gain more knowledge about this
concept and to see if and to what degree this way of thinking
could work. The research question includes investigations

58


inForMation
candidate: Britt Sørlie
phone: (+47) 73 59 47 90
e-mail: britt.sorlie@ntnu.no

project start: November 2008
supervisors: Anne Grete Hestnes (NTNU), Eli Støa (NTNU)

59


ayon KuMar taraFdar

bridging the dichotomy
— exPloring linkages between urban enVironmental challenges and
local deVeloPment Practices in the neighbourhoods oF kolkata, india

project description
Globally, most urban planning techniques and practices at the physical transformation process and the emergence of local
municipal level and below approach issues of urban environ- environmental concerns. Primary data was collected mainly
ment from the perspective of certain dominant paradigms. from staying in the locality, on-site reconnaissance mapping,
Such paradigms are based on two primary theoretical frame- seventy-three detailed representative interviews, thirteen
works of ecological modernization and neoliberal planning. detailed focussed group discussions and direct observation.
Ecological modernization, which relies on technocentricism This was triangulated with secondary source data, processed
and instrumental rationality, calls for innovation to solve satellite imageries, published maps, documents from govern-
environmental problems. Neoliberalism and more recently ment bodies, mapping agencies and private firms. City level
New Public Management (NPM) argues for a decentralized data was obtained from the metropolitan planning agency
power structure and enhanced role of the actual stake- Kolkata Metropolitan Development Agency (KMDA),
holders in development, particularly the market. It holds that concerned ministries, and the Kolkata Municipal Corporation
economic growth takes care of livelihood issues, and hence (KMC). Geospatial analysis was carried out for a number of
also the environment. Planning strategies that evolve out of factors to arrive at the spatial transformation process on a
these paradigms are theoretically congruent with the aims temporal reference between 1981 and 2007.
of sustainable urban development. The research discusses
evidence from Kolkata, India, and contrastingly shows that The research argues that the existing planning approaches
cities can continue to have pockets of declining environmental having their origin in industrialized economies can be critical
conditions and deplorable living conditions while having ‘liber- impediments to achieving sustainability in the South.
ally-enabled economic growth’, ‘instrumental environmental
management’, and a ‘decentralized planning milieu’. Evidence The research recommends applying a composite rationale in
from Kolkata highlights reasons for the mismatch between the planning and elaborates it as an ‘ecological diversification’
urban transformation pattern and planning practices. paradigm. Strategically the research develops the ‘PRETAB
planning process model’ in order to detail this paradigm and
The research interlays qualitative research findings from addresses the main concerns raised. At the substantive level,
detailed primary interviews of the six main local stakeholder it suggests a model of ‘disjointed representative communica-
groups dominant in development practices at the neigh- tion strategy’ for planning that adjusts the format of NPM and
bourhood level, with the conclusions from quantitative GIS associated theories on communication to rule out elements
based spatial analysis. Each neighbourhood was studied uncertainty and distortion in consensus seeking.
within the overall city context, by probing backwards into its

60

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