Technology and outdoor education: Some experiential possibilities
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The document discusses the relationship between technology and outdoor education. It explores how outdoor education both relies on technology for activities and safety, but also aims to distance participants from technology. The document proposes that technology and outdoor education can have a symbiotic relationship, with technology enhancing outdoor education skills and understanding. It provides examples of how different technologies, both old and new, have been used in outdoor education settings and could be applied going forward.
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Technology and outdoor education: Some experiential possibilities
- 1. Technology & outdoor education Some experiential possibilities Dr. James Neill Centre for Applied Psychology University of Canberra National Outdoor Education Conference, Jan. 10-13, 2010
- 2. Copyright: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
- 3. Presentation url: http://bit.ly/5P3HwQ (wilderdom.com) Email: [email_address] Twitter: http://twitter.com/jtneill Contacts & resources
- 4. Abstract Philsophical tension between outdoor education & technology On one hand, outdoor educators seek to distance participants from technology in order to provide “a place apart”. On the other hand, OE programs rely on a growing plethora of technology e.g., outdoor activity, safety, navigation, communication, transport and multimedia gear.
- 5. Proposal That there is (or can be) a symbiotic rather than antagonistic relationship (between tech & OE) and that outdoor education can contribute to facilitating experiential and adventurous learning with and about technology.
- 6. Session aim to explore the creative tension and experiential possibilities of different kinds of technology in outdoor educational settings
- 7. Philosophy History Possibilities (Applications & Trends) Discussion Overview
- 8. OE & Technology: Philosophical dilemma Is outdoor education a ‘ victim ’ of technology? e.g., invaded, colonised, overtaken by technology ?
- 9. OE & Technology: Philosophical dilemma Or will we work with technology? e.g. use technology to enhance outdoor education skills and understanding ?
- 10. OE & Technology: Philosophical dilemma Is modern technology a problem or an opportunity for outdoor education?
- 11. OE & Technology: Philosophical dilemma ...but this is an intimate & necessary tension Tech & OE are uneasy bedfellows
- 12. OE & Technology: Philosophical dilemma Outdoor education relies on technology because OE exists as a cultural reaction to industralisation.
- 13. OE & Technology: Philosophical dilemma Conventional outdoor education practices rely significantly on modern technology (e.g., transport, outdoor gear, mobile communication).
- 14. OE & Technology: Philosophical dilemma … Technology is NOT the antithesis of the outdoors (indoors is) Tech is a vital component of OE
- 15. A brief history of technology in the outdoors Have things changed that much?
- 17. Soft (know-how)
- 18. Wild gorillas are handy with a stick In the Republic of Congo, researchers observed an adult female gorilla was observed at the edge of a pool of water, “looking intently at the water in front of her.” She walked into the water, but stopped and returned to the edge when the water reached her waist. She then walked back into the water, grabbed a branch, detached it, and, grasping it firmly, repeatedly jabbed the water in front of her with the end of the branch, “apparently using it to test the water depth or substrate stability.” She continued walking across the pool, branch in hand, “using it as a walking stick for postural support.”
- 19. Homo sapiens are not the only hominids to use tools e.g., Neanderthals did too
- 21. Bread
- 22. Copper axe
- 24. Knives
- 25. Medicine
- 27. Tattoos
- 29. Wool, leather and canvas clothing
- 30. Primitive ice-climbing equipment e.g., wooden-handled ice-axes
- 31. Value of oxygen weight debatable
- 32. History of tool usage Stone/Wood: 500,000? years Computers: 20 years Copper/Iron: 3,000 years Industrial machines: 150 years
- 33. Modern electronic technologies are leap-frogging industrial development
- 35. Disruptive technologies threaten to virally leap-frog and make redundant expensive mainstream technologies.
- 36. e.g., digital cameras vs. film cameras
- 37. e.g., wireless vs. landline
- 39. Industry
- 40. Information
- 41. Mind 21 st century – age of biotech/cybertech?
- 42. Open design Development of physical products, machines and systems through use of publicly shared design information . Consistent with philosophy of free & open source software & information.
- 43. Appropriate technology Effective, ethical technologies for addressing the social and environmental needs in developing societies. e.g., Whirlwind Pedal-powered wheelchair washing machine
- 44. Web 1.0: Read Web User Static Passive
- 45. Web 2.0: Read & Write Web User Dyna- mic Exper- iential
- 47. Paradigm shifts & technological innovations occur unprecedently rapidly.
- 48. Whenever technology approaches a barrier, new technologies will cross it.
- 50. Singularity will occur before the end of the 21st century, ~2045.
- 51. Some technological applications & trends for outdoor education
- 52. International Life Cycle (Priest, 1999) Source: Priest, S. (1999). National life cycles in outdoor adventure programming . The Outdoor Network, 10 (1),16-17, 34-35.
- 53. Minimalist Normal Experimental Historical Typical Electronic Hand-made Common Web 2.0 Levels of technology & outdoor education Low tech High tech Intimate Tension Mid tech
- 54. Low tech Navigation High tech GPS Map Compass Sextant Google Earth Memory Songlines
- 56. Bearskin soles, deer hide for the top panels, netting made of tree bark.
- 57. Soft grass went around the foot and in the shoe and functioned like modern socks.
- 58. Plans for commercial production
- 59. Minimalist footwear High tech or low tech?
- 60. Oscar Pistorius “ Blade-runner” - the fastest man on no legs
- 61. Barefoot living?
- 63. Dropproof
- 64. Wind-up
- 65. Mesh
- 66. Educational
- 67. Cheap
- 68. OLPC-XO computer used for taking photos on a hike (Thailand)
- 69. OLPC-XO computer used for taking photos on a hike (Thailand)
- 71. Mobility
- 72. Virtualisation
- 73. Singularity
- 75. Diffusion of innovations (Rogers, 1962) Rogers, E. (1962) Diffusion of innovations . Free Press, NY.
- 76. Outdoor education: Across the technology spectrum Outdoor education could aim to educate across the technology spectrum
- 77. Outdoor education: Across the technology spectrum New & old technology could be synthesised towards our goals e.g., recreation, education, development, therapy, sustainability
- 78. Web 2.0 = Collaboration -> Collective Intelligence (via recording, sharing, reflection, discussing etc.)
- 79. Outdoor education - Wikipedia
- 80. Outdoor education - Wikiversity
- 81. Outdoor education - Wikibooks
- 82. Jessica Watson: Youngest Solo Circumnavigation Attempt http://www.jessicawatson.com.au/ http://youngestround.blogspot.com/
- 83. Jessica Watson: Most Watched Blog in Australia
- 84. Outdoor education groups e.g., on facebook
- 85. Apple Tree Flat Hike Route Start Cliff line safety River crossings Our Hike Route Off track hiking Unmarked Cliff lines
- 86. Glengarry Looking West Apple Tree Flat Camp Site 24km West of Glengarry
- 87. Collaborative mapping Community-generated Google Map of Ropes Course locations
- 88. Collaborative mapping: Google Picasa + Google Maps
- 90. Photo-sharing
- 91. Tag Cloud
- 97. Bio feed back
- 98. Biofeedback
- 99. Mood ring
- 100. Infield biofeedback tools to enhance stress management training (ORIC, 2008, 2009)
- 101. Virtual Worlds Virtual worlds computer-based simulated environments
- 102. What “outdoor education” can we do in virtual worlds?
- 103. Botanical Landscaping, Garden and Environmental Design Center (Second Life)
- 104. Camping in the digital wilderness
- 105. Augmented reality Live view of a real-world environment whose elements are merged with (or augmented by) virtual computer-generated imagery - creating a mixed reality .
- 106. Milgram's Reality-Virtuality Continuum Milgram, P., & Kishino, A. F. (1994). Taxonomy of mixed reality visual displays. IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems , E77-D(12), 1321-1329.
- 107. QR codes
- 108. QR codes
- 109. Wikitude World Browser http://www.wikitude.org/
- 110. Augmented reality: Social applications
- 112. Issues? (Problems encountered?)
- 113. Ideas? (What could we do?)
- 116. Green, J., Schnädelbach, H., Koleva, B., Benford, S., Pridmore, T., & Medina, K. (2002). Camping in the digital wilderness: tents and flashlights as interfaces to virtual worlds. In Proceedings of CHI '02 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems , Minneapolis, MI, 780-781. Retrieved January 10, 2010, from http://www.informatics.sussex.ac.uk/research/groups/interact/publications/chi02.pdf
- 117. Milgram, P., & Kishino, A. F. (1994). Taxonomy of mixed reality visual displays. IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems , E77-D(12), 1321-1329.
- 118. Priest, S. (1999). National life cycles in outdoor adventure programming . The Outdoor Network, 10 (1),16-17, 34-35.
- 119. Rogers, E. (1962). Diffusion of innovations . Free Press, NY.
- 120. South, D. (2009). The use of infield bio-feedback tools to enhance stress management training . Presentation to the Outdoor Recreation Industry Council Conference, Novotel Hotel, Sydney.
Notas do Editor
- James T. Neill University of Canberra 16 th National Outdoor Education Conference, 10-13 January, 2010 Copyright for this presentation: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/wilderdom/4232592124/ Image author: James Neill Image license: CC-by-SA 2.0: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/deed.en
- Image name: Why are waves cool Image author: Kevin Dooley, http://www.flickr.com/people/pagedooley/ Image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/pagedooley/2671269820/ Image licence: CC-by-A 2.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lefthand.svg Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Righthand.svg
- Image name: Why are waves cool Image author: Kevin Dooley, http://www.flickr.com/people/pagedooley/ Image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/pagedooley/2671269820/ Image licence: CC-by-A 2.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lefthand.svg Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Righthand.svg Thesis: That there is (or can be) a symbiotic rather than antagonistic relationship and that outdoor education can contribute to facilitating experiential and adventurous learning with and about technology.
- Image name: Why are waves cool Image author: Kevin Dooley, http://www.flickr.com/people/pagedooley/ Image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/pagedooley/2671269820/ Image licence: CC-by-A 2.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en
- Image name: Why are waves cool Image author: Kevin Dooley, http://www.flickr.com/people/pagedooley/ Image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/pagedooley/2671269820/ Image licence: CC-by-A 2.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en
- Image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/katmere/92121158/ Image author: katmere, http://www.flickr.com/people/katmere/ Image license: CC-by-A 2.0, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en
- Image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/katmere/92121158/ Image author: katmere, http://www.flickr.com/people/katmere/ Image license: CC-by-A 2.0, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en
- Image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/katmere/92121158/ Image author: katmere, http://www.flickr.com/people/katmere/ Image license: CC-by-A 2.0, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en
- Image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/katmere/92121158/ Image author: katmere, http://www.flickr.com/people/katmere/ Image license: CC-by-A 2.0, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en
- Image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/katmere/92121158/ Image author: katmere, http://www.flickr.com/people/katmere/ Image license: CC-by-A 2.0, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en
- Image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/katmere/92121158/ Image author: katmere, http://www.flickr.com/people/katmere/ Image license: CC-by-A 2.0, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en
- Image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/katmere/92121158/ Image author: katmere, http://www.flickr.com/people/katmere/ Image license: CC-by-A 2.0, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en Tech is a vital component of OE – directly and indirectly.
- Image name: * Blackboard * Image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/8078381@N03/3279725831/ Image author: pareeerica, http://www.flickr.com/people/8078381@N03/ Image license:CC-by-A 2.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en Image author: Frikinzero
- Image author: Frikinzero
- Congo, 2005 Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gorilla_tool_use.png Image license: CC-by-A 2.5 “ This adult female gorilla in Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park, northern Congo, uses a branch as a walking stick to gauge the water's depth, proving that gorillas use tools too.” From the magazine: as part of an ongoing study of western gorillas in Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park in the Republic of Congo, Thomas Breuer, Mireille Ndoundou-Hockemba, and Vicki Fishlock reveal that gorillas are just as resourceful as the other great apes. From an observation platform at Mbeli Bai, a swampy forest clearing that gorillas frequently visit to forage, Breuer et al. observed an adult female gorilla named Leah (a member of a long-studied gorilla group) at the edge of a pool of water, “looking intently at the water in front of her.” Leah walked upright into the water, but stopped and returned to the edge when the water reached her waist. She then walked back into the water, grabbed a branch in front of her, detached it, and, grasping it firmly, repeatedly jabbed the water in front of her with the end of the branch, “apparently using it to test the water depth or substrate stability.” She continued walking across the pool, branch in hand, “using it as a walking stick for postural support.”
- Frozen, mummified body discovered in 1991 on the Italy/Australian border. Otzi had the latest technology. Image source: https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/wiki/File:%C3%96tzischuh_2.jpg Image author: Helge Sternke at de.wikipedia Image license: CC-by-SA 2.5
- Information source: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/everest/exposure/gear.html Image source: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/everest/exposure/gear.html Image license: Unknown
- - Humans have been characterised by their association with tools and technology through the ages Tool-making and the use of technology arguably dates from when man first mastered fire, roughly about 500,000 years ago? Humans became able to extract metals from the ground, e.g., Iron Age in Britain ~ 750 BC to early AD 150 years ago, human work in the Western world became characterized by its focus on finer tools, e.g., machines 20 years ago, this tool-making lead to the creation of computers; 10 years ago the internet went into the public domain…. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/prehistory/ironage_intro_01.shtml
- Image source: Unknown
- See also: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_design http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appropriate_technology
- From Peter Russell’s Global Brain, approx. 29 minutes
- See also: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_design Goals and philosophy are identical to free and open source software. Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sustainable_Portable_Classroom_-_The_Learning_Kit.jpg
- See also: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_design http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appropriate_technology
- Kurzweil, 2001, 2005
- Kurzweil, 2001, 2005
- Image name: * Blackboard * Image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/8078381@N03/3279725831/ Image author: pareeerica, http://www.flickr.com/people/8078381@N03/ Image license:CC-by-A 2.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en
- Source: Priest, S. (1999). National life cycles in outdoor adventure programming . The Outdoor Network, 10 (1),16-17, 34-35.
- Low tech: Primitive skills programs
- Frozen, mummified body discovered in 1991 on the Italy/Australian border. Image source: https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/wiki/File:%C3%96tzischuh_2.jpg Image author: Helge Sternke at de.wikipedia Image license: CC-by-SA 2.5
- http://flickr.com/photos/trucolorsfly/301701664/
- Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oscar_Pistorius-2.jpg Original image author: Elvar Pálsson, http://www.flickr.com/people/erlendurkafari/ Image license: CC-by-A 2.0, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
- http://willderdom.com/wiki/Barefoot
- See also: http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Learning_activities/Bug_Blitz Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:OLPC-Thailand-Hiking01.jpg Image license: CC-by-A 2.5, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/deed.en Image author: Unknown See also: http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Image:Hiking01.jpg
- See also: http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Learning_activities/Bug_Blitz Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:OLPC_pilot_Thailand_-_Ban_Samkha_06.jpg Image license: CC-by-A 2.5, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/deed.en Image author: Unknown See also: http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Image:Hiking02.jpg
- Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diffusionofideas.PNG Image license: Public domain Rogers, E. (1962) Diffusion of innovations . Free Press, London, NY, USA.
- There could be a pedagogical argument for moving from modern to ancient or ancient to modern.
- There could be a pedagogical argument for moving from modern to ancient or ancient to modern.
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outdoor_education
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outdoor_education
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outdoor_education
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outdoor_education
- Attribution: Ian Boyle
- Attribution: Ian Boyle
- Images: http://wilderdom.com/oe/map.html (from Frappr)
- Interactive image sources: http://picasaweb.google.com/lh/albumMap?uname=JamesTNeill&aid=5404277789608045121#map http://picasaweb.google.com/JamesTNeill/GibraltarFalls/people
- 5ooMB MPEG4 from http://www.archive.org/details/GreenwichEmotionMap
- Image: http://flickr.com/photos/tranquilo/sets/72157600734297162/
- Tag cloud: http://del.icio.us/jtneill
- Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Augmented_reality_-_heads_up_display_concept.jpg Image license: CC-by-A 2.0, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en
- Image source: http://www.the-gadgeteer.com/assets/heartmath-emwave-2.jpg See also: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofeedback
- Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Biofeedback_EN.gif Image license: CC-by-A 3.0, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ Image author: Marek Jacenko
- http://cagreetings.com/images/moodring.jpg
- See also: http://www.oric.org.au/Conference/Conf09/SpeakersPresentations.html
- http://flickr.com/photos/trucolorsfly/301701664/
- Image name: crags! green ones! Image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/70285332@N00/3677756252 Image license: CC-by-SA 2.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/deed.en Image author: Torley, http://www.flickr.com/photos/torley/
- Image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/torley/4254726035/
- http://www.informatics.sussex.ac.uk/research/groups/interact/publications/chi02.pdf “ Pitching a tent and spending the night under canvass, with friends, a rucksack, a flashlight, surrounded by strange shadows and sounds, is an exciting experience for most children. It is also often the closest that many come to the wilderness, a primitive unfamiliar place that is far removed from their everyday world. What better environment is there for experiencing stories? Previous research reported at CHI has discussed using a tent as a projection interface for ambient and informal experiences [5]. This paper explores the use of a tent interface to give young children an engaging and shared experience of a virtual world, targeted at public spaces such as museums, theme parks and classrooms. Figure 1: The structure of the tent POINTING WITH FLASHLIGHTS Our first interaction technique employs flashlights, essential items of camping equipment, as pointing devices (figure 2). Video cameras placed alongside the projectors track the positions of beams of light thrown onto the surface of the tent from inside and outside.”
- Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Augmented_reality_-_heads_up_display_concept.jpg Image license: CC-by-A 2.0, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en
- Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Milgram_Continuum.png Image license: Public domain Milgram, P., & Kishino, A. F. (1994). Taxonomy of mixed reality visual displays. IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems , E77-D(12), 1321-1329.
- Image source: http://s3.amazonaws.com/ppt-download/augmentedrealitypatrickcollings-090307154220-phpapp02.pdf?Signature=4ZpGJRwnW8k1GaltrGnRysJyseg%3D&Expires=1263086591&AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAJLJT267DEGKZDHEQ
- Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Japanese_poster_with_QR_codes.jpg Image license: CC-by-A 2.0, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en Image author: Alexis Rondeau from L.E.S., USA
- “ Wikitude World Browser is an augmented reality (AR) browser for the Android platform based on location-based Wikipedia and Qype content. It is a handy application for planning a trip or to find out about landmarks in your surroundings; 350,000 world-wide points of interest may be searched by GPS or by address and displayed in a list view, map view and “Augmented Reality” cam view. The latest version of WIKITUDE World Browser includes an Augmented Reality Photo Feature, which allows you to capture and share the AR camera view you experience through your mobile.” http://www.mobilizy.com/en/wikitude-ein-reisefuhrer
- Image source: http://www.slideshare.net/trendmatcher/augmented-reality-arno-coenders/30
- Image name: * Blackboard * Image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/8078381@N03/3279725831/ Image author: pareeerica, http://www.flickr.com/people/8078381@N03/ Image license:CC-by-A 2.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en