Environmental Engineering-I (Water Supply Engg.) - TE (CIVIL) Course material by PROF S S JAHAGIRDAR, NKOCET, SOLAPUR.

1. L-2
INTRODUCTION TO WATER SUPPLY
ENGINEERING
Environmental Engineering-I
- By Prof S S Jahagirdar

2. CONTENTS
Sources
NKOCET, Solapur
of water, elements of
water supply schemes, design period

3.  Raw
Water Source
 The various sources of water can be classified
into two categories:
 Surface sources, such as



Ponds and lakes;
Streams and rivers;
Storage reservoirs; and
Oceans, generally not used for water supplies, at present.
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
 Sub-surface
sources or underground
sources, such as



Springs;
Infiltration wells ; and
Wells and Tube-wells.

4. Another
way to classify the water
sources
Rainwater,
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oceans, rivers, lakes,
streams, ponds and springs are natural
sources of water.
Dams, wells, tube wells, hand-pumps,
canals, etc, are man-made sources of
water.


5. DO YOU KNOW?
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6. HOW MUCH WATER IS USABLE?
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7. NKOCET, Solapur

8. NKOCET, Solapur

9. WORLD WATER CRISIS
One in five people do not have access to safe drinking
water
Every 15 seconds a child dies from water related
diseases
Some young children and women trek up to six miles a
day in order to collect water for their families
•Much of the
world's drinking
water is
contaminated
and poses serious
health threats
Women carrying water drums

10. WATER RELATED DISEASES AND THEIR
CAUSES
Diseases
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Diarrhea
Arsenicosis
Schistosomiasis
Intestinal
Worms
Hepatitis
Cholera
Malaria
Trachoma
Typhoid
Fluorosis
Bacteria
•
•
•
•
E. coli
Salmonella typhi
Shigella spp.
Yersinia
enterocolitica
E. coli bacteria
Viruses
• Hepatitis A/E
virus
• Adenovirus
• Enterovirus
• Rotavirus
Hepatitis A Virus

11. A CURE FOR THIS GLOBAL PROBLEM?
Problems with High-Tech Treatment
Systems for Rural Areas of Developing
Countries
Usually are expensive and difficult to construct
Require expensive mechanical equipment
Require expensive
and dangerous chemicals
(e.g. chlorine- carcinogenous)
•
•
•
High-Tech treatment system

12. OBJECTIVES OF WATER TREATMENT
1.
3.
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2.
To remove colour, dissolved gases
and objectionable colour of water
To remove objectionable taste and
odour.
To remove disease producing microorganisms so that water is safe for
drinking purpose.

13. NKOCET, Solapur
4. To remove hardness of water (In
case of ground water source).
5. To make it suitable for wide variety
of industrial purposes such as steam
generation, dyeing etc.

14. USES OF WATER
Drinking, cooking and washing
ii. Bathing
iii. Swimming pools and water games
iv. Fountains and cascades (Display)
v. Watering of lawns and gardens
vi. Air coolers and dish washers
vii. For fire fighting
viii. Industrial operations such as steam
generation
ix. Irrigation
x. Sanitary purposes
i.
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15. ELEMENTS OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEME
1. Selection of source – River, lake or open ,
tube well
3.
Collection and conveyance of raw water
– Intake works, pump house, rising main etc
Treatment of water- Multi barrier
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2.
treatment to remove different types of impurities
and pathogens
4.
5.
Pumping and storing the treated water
in the E S R s
Distribution- network of pipes is needed

16. DATA TO BE COLLECTED FOR DESIGN OF WATER
SUPPLY SCHEME
1. Sources of raw water – Choice amongst
alternatives, reliability throughout the year
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2. Quantity of water required which
depends upon
- Population to be served- Population
forecasting, census data
-
Water demands- domestic, public, industrial,
fire etc
-
Design period – 30 yrs is common

17. 3. Quality of water – analysis of
water, line of treatment is decided by
raw water quality
maps
5. Plan or map of city or townfor knowledge of existing structures
and roads etc
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4. Survey data – Topographical

18. FACTORS AFFECTING DESIGN PERIOD
1.
3.
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2.
Useful life of the components of water
supply scheme (Pumps, intake
structures, rising main, pipe
distribution network etc.) will decide
the design period.
Higher design period has to be adopted
if there are difficulties in future
expansion.
Availability of funds. Less funds  less
design period

19. 4.
6.
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5.
Rate of interest on the loans. Larger
the rate of interest smaller is the
design period and vise-versa.
Rate of increase in population is
lower then higher design period is
adopted.
Quantity of water available. If
required quantity of the water is not
available for longer periods then
lesser design period shall be adopted

20. DESIGN PERIODS FOR COMPONENTS OF WATER
SUPPLY SCHEME
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21. OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
The fresh water content on the earth is
______%.
2. Safe water can be obtained by using advanced
__________________.
3. Much of the world's drinking water is
______________ and poses serious health
threats
4. Design period for pumps is ____ years.
5. Purpose of water treatment is _______________
(to remove odour/to remove taste/to kill pathogens/
all of above)
1.
NKOCET, Solapur

22. THEORY QUESTIONS
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1. Discuss classification of sources of water
in detail.
2. Explain elements of water supply scheme
3. Discuss objectives of water treatment.
4. Write short notes on
i. Factors affecting Design Period
ii. Data to be collected for design of water
supply scheme

23. NKOCET, Solapur
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