3. GREECE, ATHENS

4. The cross symbolizes Greek Orthodoxy, the
established religion of Greece.
According to Ancient and Heraldic traditions much
symbolism is associated with colors. The colors on the
Greek flag represent the following:
White - peace and honesty and the White
colour of the Greek waves
Blue - vigilance, truth and loyalty, perseverance
& justice and the blue of the Greek Sea

6. Location:
Southern Europe, bordering
the Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea,
and the Mediterranean Sea,
between Albania and Turkey

7. Land Size of Greece
: 130,800 sq km
Climate / Weather of Greece
: temperate; mild, wet winters;
hot, dry summers
Greek Population
: 11,304,000
Greek Capital City
: Athens

8. Men if they were not training in military,
or discussing politics went to the Theatre
for entertainment. To watch dramas that
they could relate to, including tragedies
and comedies.
Lives of Women in Ancient Greece
were closely tied to domestic work,
spinning, weaving and other domestic
duties. They were not involved in public
life or in politics.

9. In Ancient Rome, there were 3 divided groups:
UPPER CLASS
 A member of the upper class must be free from
economic tasks such as trading. He must get slaves or
others to attend to his material concerns such as his
property and fortune.
 To be a member of
the upper class in Athen
you must be a citizen,
and you can not have a
job.

10. MIDDLE CLASS
 They were mostly professional men:
merchants, contractors, manufacturers, manager,
craftsmen and artists.
 The middle class in Athens
had a large number of non
citizens.
 The non citizens were
forbidden to own land, or
marry into a family of a citizen.

11. LOWER CLASS
 The lower class was partly made up of freedmen,
Who at one time in their lives had been slaves.
 The slave may be freed by his or her ransom
being paid off by a relative or friend.
 If a slave fights in a war there is a chance that he
will be released. Or if a slave was bought in order to
tutor a child through school, upon the child’s
graduation, it’s more likely that the slave will be set
free.

13. WEDDINGS
Weddings in ancient Greece were a major part of a
person's life, especially for the bride-to-be.
Their marriage symbolized: LOVE, MUTUAL, RESPECT,
EQUALITY and SACRIFICE.
•mutual respect
•equality
•and sacrifice
•mutual respect
•equality
•and sacrifice
•mutual respect
•equality
•and sacrifice
The wedding consist of three parts:
1. PRE-WEDDING CEREMONIES
One of the pre-wedding ceremonies was
the feast. Feast was held at the bride's
father's home the day before the
wedding took place. After the feast, the
bride-to-be made childhood sacrifices,
since she would be a child no longer.

14. Another pre-wedding ceremony was the bath. This event
took place the morning of the wedding day.
2. WEDDING
The actual wedding started off with
the Betrothal, or the Engyésis. This was
an oral petition that literally means 'the
giving of a pledge into the hand.' It is a
pact between the suitor and the father of
the bride.
3. POST – WEDDING CEREMONIES
Another important part of the wedding ceremony
was the journey home. This departure was very
painful for the bride. According to Powers, the
groom grabbed her wrists while she said her
farewells. This was the time that the father 'gave'
his daughter to the husband.

15. Other Traditional Festivities:
 BAPTISM
The baby doesn’t have a name
until it is baptized.
The baby is undressed and wrapped in a white
towel. Then the priest blesses the water of the
baptismal font and adds olive oil brought by
the godparents.
He then immerses the baby three times in the blessed water, saying the
chosen name. Then, the baby is dressed with white clothes and the
priest puts a gold chain with a cross on the baby’s neck and gives the
baby its 1st Holy Communion.

16.  CARNIVAL
In Greece, Carnival is called “Apokries”; it consists of two
weeks of feast, beginning from the Sunday of Meat Fare
and ends with the start of Lent, “Clean Monday”.

17. The most famous Carnival parade takes place in the city
of Parta, where everybody dances and drinks all night
and day. This custom is believed to come from
paganism, and more precisely from the old festivities
worshipping Dionysus, the god of wine and feast.
Everyone is costumed and
parties in the streets and
bars, throwing coloured
confetti to each other.

18. GREEK TRADITIONAL SUPERSTITIONS:
o BREAD- is considered as a gift of God; old
women bless the bread and make the sign of the
cross with a knife before slicing it.
o KNIVES – Greeks never hand knives to
someone who asks for it for they consider that if
they do that they will have a fight with the person.

19. o SPITTING – Greeks believe that spitting
chases the devil and the misfortune way. That is
why when someone talk about bad news, the
others slightly spit three times.
o “ Piase Kokkino” (Touch Red) – When
two people say the same thing together they
immediately say “Piase Kokkino” one another and
both have to touch any red item they can find
around him. Because if they don’t touch a red
thing, the two persons will get into fight.

20.  FOODS
• LAMB MEAT - is widely used in
the preparation of Greek foods,
especially during the religious
festivals.
• FISH - was the main source of protein in the
Greek diet.
• PORK AND BEEF MEAT -Beef was
very expensive, so it was rarely
eaten.

21.  FOODS
The Greek diet was very healthy.
Food in Ancient Greece was
consisted of wheat, barley, fruits,
vegetables and cake.
They grew olives, grapes, figs and
wheat and kept goats, for milk and
cheese. They ate lots of bread, beans
and olives.

22. •WINE - was the main drink
in ancient Greece.
Making wine was done by
treading and kept in jars to
ferment.

24. .
Interesting Fact: The Greeks
believed the gods and goddesses
had human qualities.
Religion was important to the
ancient Greeks because they
believed that it would make their
lives better while they were living.
They also believed the gods would
take care of them when they died.

25. The Ancient Greeks believed in many different gods and
goddesses.  The Greeks believed that these
gods and goddesses controlled
everything in their lives and the
environment.
 There was a god in every aspect
of their lives. It was very
important to pleased the gods;
happy gods helped you, but
unhappy gods punished you.

26. TEMPLES
 The Greeks, to show the gods how important they
were, built temples in every town for one god or
goddess.
 The temples were not like modern places of
worship, for ordinary people to pray in.
 They were homes for
statues of gods, which were
cared for by priests.

27. PRIEST
 Priests were important
people in the community.
They were believed to have the
power to talk to the gods and so
were respected and trusted.
A priest main job was to look after the temples
and the visitors to the temples.

31. The way children were educated was different in each
city state.
In Sparta, reading and writing was unimportant.
Boys learned to be good fighters.
 In Athens, citizens had to be educated to
take part in voting in the Assembly. Athenian
boys also went to 'wrestling school' each day,
to learn many sports, not just wrestling. They
had to be fit, to fight in the army.

32. Schools
Greek schools were small. They had only one teacher
and about ten or twenty boys. The schools were not
free and so only the rich could really afford to send their
children to school.
They don’t need much of
school equipments, as they
had learn everything off by
heart.
They used a wooden pen called a stylus with a sharp
end for writing and a flat end for 'rubbing out'.

33. In ancient Athens, the purpose of
education was to produce citizens
Trained in the arts, and to prepare citizens for both
peace and war.
Until age 6 or so, boys were
taught at home by their
mother or by a male slave.
Books were very expensive and rare, so subjects
were read out-loud, and the boys had to memorize
everything. To help them learn, they used writing
tablets and rulers.

34. Their
In primary school, they had
to learn two important things
– the words of Homer and
how to play lyre.
Their teacher, who was always a man, could
choose what additional subjects he wanted to
teach. He might to teach drama, public speaking,
government, art, writing, math, and how to play
another ancient Greek instrument – flute.

35. Following that, boys attended a higher school for
four more years. When they turned 18, they
entered military school for two additional years. At
age 20, they graduated.
Girls – were not allowed to go to school. They
were educated in housekeeping and how to
look after the family.

36. SPARTA : EDUCATION
In Ancient Sparta, the purpose of
education was to produce a well-
drilled, well-disciplined marching
army.
Spartans believe in a life of
discipline, self-denial, and
simplicity. They were very loyal
to the state of Sparta. Every
Spartan, male or female, was
required to have a perfect body.

37. When babies were born in ancient
Sparta, Spartan soldiers would
come by the house and check the
baby. If the baby did not appear
healthy and strong, the infant was
taken away, and left to die on a
hillside, or taken to be trained as a
slave (a helot).
Spartan Boys : Spartan boys were
sent to military school at age 6 or 7.
They lived, trained and slept in the
barracks of their brotherhood. They
were taught survival skills and other
skills necessary to be a great soldier..

39. These are the five main dialects of ancient
Greek that have been found on inscriptions:
Attic-Ionic Greek
Achaean
Aeolic
Doric
Northwest Greek

40. His main work is The
Elements which is still used
as a textbook in
mathematics.
EUCLID

41. PLATO
The most famous
works The Republic
and Symposium.

42. Aristophanes
He was a playwright
who wrote comedies.
His notable plays,
The Wasps and
Lysistrata.

43. EURIPIDES
Was a Greek tragedian.
His most known works
are Alcestis, Medea and
The Bacchus.

44. HOMER
Homer is best
known for the two epic
poems the Iliad and
the Odyssey.