1. WRITI
NG

2.  is the representation of language in a textual
medium through the use of a set of signs or
symbols
 Is a method of representing language in a visual or
tactile form
 A physical and mental activity engaged in for
various purposes.

3. STAGES OF
WRITING

4. STAGE 1: PREWRITING
 Choose a topic.
 Gather and organize ideas.
 Consider the audience to whom students will write.
 Identify the purpose of the writing activity.
 Choose an appropriate genre for their compositions
based on audience and purpose.

5. STAGE 2: DRAFTING
 Write a rough draft.
 Craft leads to grab readers’ attention.
 Emphasize content rather than mechanics.

6. STAGE 3: REVISING
 Share writing in writing groups.
 Participate constructively in discussions about
classmates’ writing.
 Make changes in compositions to reflect the
reactions and comments of both teacher and
classmates.
 Make substantive rather than only minor changes
between the first and final drafts.

7. STAGE 4: EDITING
 Proofread compositions independently.
 Help proofread classmates’ compositions.
 Increasingly identify and correct mechanical errors
without assistance.

8. STAGE 5: PUBLISHING
 Publish writing in appropriate form.
 Share finished writing with an appropriate audience.

9. 5 LEVELS OF SUPPORT
A TEACHER USE:

10. 1. Modeled Writing
- teacher writes in front of students, creating the
text, doing the writing, and thinking aloud about
writing strategies and skills.
Purposes:
1. To demonstrate how do a new type of writing
activity before having students do the writing activity
independently or in a small groups.
2. To demonstrate how to use writing strategies,
such a proofreading, monitoring, sentence
combining and revising.
3. To demonstrate how writing conventions and
other skills work.

11. 2. Shared Writing
- teacher and students create the text
together ; then the teacher does the actual
writing. Students may assist by spelling words.
Purposes:
1. To demonstrate how to writing works.
2. To record students’ idea.
3. To create written texts for the
classroom that children could not write
independently.

12. 3. Interactive Writing
- teacher and students create the text
and share the pen to do the writing. Teacher
and students talk about writing conventions.
Purposes:
1. To demonstrate how to write words and
sentences.
2. To teach how to use capital letters and
punctuation marks.
3. To demonstrate how to use phonics and
spelling patterns to spell words.
4. To create written texts for the classroom
that children could not write independently.

13. 4. Guided Writing
- teacher presents a structured lesson and supervises
as students write. Teacher also teaches a writing
procedure, strategy, or skill.
Purposes:
1. To scaffolding a writing experience so that students
can be successful.
2. To introduce different types of writing activities
3. To teach children to use the writing process in
particular, how to revise and edit.
4. To teach procedures, concepts, strategies, and skills
during minilessons.
5. Independent Writing
- students use the writing process to write stories,
informational books, and other compositions. Teacher
monitors students’ progress.

14. 2 APPROACHES IN
WRITING
1. Writing Workshop Approach
- provide children with opportunities to use the
writing process to create books and other
composition
- students choose their own topic
- is an ongoing and regularly scheduled part of the
day
2. Thematic Approach
-respond to literature and expand learning about
social studies and science through writing projects
- students write on topics related to literature or
social studies and science
- it continues until the project is completed, usually
a week or two

15. Purposes:
1. To provide an authentic context for writing
practice.
2. To give students opportunities to choose writing
topics and forms.
3. To gain writing fluency and stamina.
4. As a tool for learning, such as when children
write in reading logs.
5. To make and publish books.
6. To document learning in literature focus units
and thematic units.

16. WRITING STRATEGIES USE BY A
WRITER
- are deliberate thinking procedures writers use to
solve problems that they encounter while writing.

17. 1. Tap prior knowledge
- students think about they already know about
the topic of their composition.
2. Organize ideas
- students group and sequence ideas before
writing.
3. Visualize
- students use the description and sensory
details to make their writing more vivid.
4. Summarize
- students write the main ideas or events in a
text they have read or written.
5. Make connections
- students make “personal,” “world knowledge,”
and “literary” connections to the composition
they are writing.

18. 6. Revise meaning
- students add words and sentences, make
substitutions and deletions, and move text around
to communicate more effectively.
7. Monitor
- students coordinate all writing- related
activities, check on how well they are
communicating, and ask self- questions.
8. Play with language
- students incorporate figurative and novel
uses of language in their writing.
9. Generalize
- students draw out main ideas and details and
use main ideas to direct readers through the
compositions
10. Evaluate
- students make judgements about, reflect on,
and value their writing.

19. SKILLS THAT
WRITERS USE:
1. Structuring skills
- students use structuring skills as they craft
sentences, group sentences into paragraphs, and
organize the entire composition.
2. Spelling, Punctuation, and Capitalization Skills
- are the traditional “mechanics” of writing.
3. Language Skills
- precise and imaginative language make
writing more interesting.
4. Reference Skills
- variety reference tools a writer will use
5. Handwriting and Word Processing Skills
- students develop effective manuscript and
cursive handwriting skills so that they can write
legibly and fluently.

20. STRATEGIES IN
INFORMAL WRITING
1. Brainstorming
- quickly list all words and phrases that come
to mind in response to the topic.
- use of KWL chart
2. Clustering
- similar to brainstorming except that all the
words generated are circled and linked to a
nucleus word.
3. Quickwriting
- students simply begin to write and let their
thoughts flow freely without focusing on mechanics
or revisions.

21. SIX WRITING
GENRES
1. Descriptive writing
2. Expository writing
3. Narrative writing
4. Persuasive writing
5. Journals and Letters
6. Poetry writing