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GUÍA PARA LA REMINERALIZACIÓN DE LAS AGUAS DESALADAS
GUIDELINE FOR THE REMINERALISATION OF DESALINATED WATERS




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AGRADECIMIENTO                                                        ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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Nota aclaratoria a la 2ª edición:
                                                                      Explanatory note to the 2nd edition:
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!)#,*47%#                                                             L":&483"61




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PREFACIO                                                             PREFACE



LA REMINERALIZACIÓN, GARANTÍA DE                                     Remineralisation, quality assurance for
CALIDAD DEL AGUA DESALADA                                            desalinated water

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INDEX



8D&!;11+/<&+#)&$-#$,;*"-#*&DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD7
                          D

TD&S(+/+$'%/"*'"$*&-2&)%*+,"#+'%)&>+'%/*& DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDT8
                                        D

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                                                                                         ?



RESUMEN Y CONCLUSIONES



OBJETIVOS DE LA GUÍA                                                 L#"'5")B%'8156)B"#B%'+%'&63'B)";"K63'A"'38+6'%#C60"+"'A"08"'
                                                                     %&'%3B$+86'+%'&63'0"1;863'+%'&"'0615638089#'+%'&"3'"7$"3'
<&'6;K%B8E6'7%#%)"&'+%'%3B"':$M"'%3'8&$3B)")2'5")B8%#+6'5)8#08-      +%3"&"+"3'5)6E60"+63'56)'&"')%18#%)"&8,"089#J''<&'6;K%B8E6'
5"&1%#B%'+%'+"B63'+%'0"1562'&63'0)8B%)863'4$%'+%;%#'$B8&8,")3%'      %)"'%3B";&%0%)'$#'1IB6+6'4$%'5%)18B8%)"'%&'0*&0$&6'8#+8)%0B6'
5")"'%E"&$")'06))%0B"1%#B%'&"'0"&8+"+'+%'&"3'"7$"3'+%3"&"+"3'D'      +%&'P.F2'"3M'0616'6B)63'M#+80%32'"'5")B8)'+%&'8#0)%1%#B6'+%&'
)%18#%)"&8,"+"32'D'C"08&8B")'"3M'%&'0$15&818%#B6'+%'&"'#6)1"B8-      5('D'+%'&"'S<J
E"'5")"'"7$"3'+%'";"3B%0818%#B6'+%'&"'L<']NH'T@?^>??V_J'
                                                                     P"' :$M"' 8#0&$D%' B"1;8I#' $#' )%3$1%#' +%' &"3' BI0#80"3' +%'
<#'06#0)%B62'&63'6;K%B8E63'%35%0M!'063'+%'&"':$M"'36#`'              )%18#%)"&8,"089#' 06#' %35%08"&' A8#0"58I' %#' &"3' BI0#80"3' +%'
                                                                     &63'&%0A63'+%'0"&08B"'+%'+638!'0"089#'06#'&%0A"+"'+%'0"&J'.%'
a'<3B";&%0%)'&63'0)8B%)863'+%'B61"'+%'1$%3B)"3'D'0*&0$&6'+%'         8#0&$D%'B"1;8I#' $#"' 3%)8%' +%' )%061%#+"086#%3' "' B%#%)' %#'
  &63')%3$&B"+63'"#"&MB8063'4$%'5%)18B"#'+%!'#8)'06))%0B"-           0$%#B"'%#'&"'+638!'0"089#'+%'Se>J
  1%#B%'&"'0"&8+"+'&"3'"7$"3'+%3"&"+"3'D')%18#%)"&8,"+"3b'
a'<3B";&%0%)'0$*&%3'+%;%#'3%)'&63'#8E%&%3'95B8163'+%'                P"':$M"'8#0&$D%'$#'0"5MB$&6'06#'8#+80"086#%3'5")"'%&'1$%3-
  )%18#%)"&8,"089#'+%#B)6'+%'$#'063B%')",6#";&%b                     B)6'D'"#*&8383'+%'&"3'"7$"3'+%3"&"+"3'D')%18#%)"&8,"+"3'"B%#-
a'<3B";&%0%)'$#'1IB6+6'8#+8)%0B6'5")"'&"'E"&6)"089#'+%&'             +8%#+6'"'3$';"K"'"&0"&8#8+"+'D'"'&"'C"08&8+"+'06#'4$%'E")M"'
  7)"+6'+%')%18#%)"&8,"089#'"'B)"EI3'&63'8#0)%1%#B63'%#'             3$'06#B%#8+6'%#'Se>J
  %&'5('D'&"'S<J'
                                                                     [6)' Q&B8162' &"' :$M"' 8#0&$D%' $#' %3B$+86' +%' 5)67)"1"3' +%'
RESUMEN DE LOS TRABAJOS                                              381$&"089#' +%' 1%,0&"3' D' 3$' $B8&8+"+' 5")"' "#"&8,")' %&' 56)'
REALIZADOS                                                           08%#B6'+%'"7$"3'+%3"&"+"3'4$%'5$%+%#'1%,0&")3%'06#'"7$"3'
                                                                     )%18#%)"&8,"+"3'6'"7$"3'06#B8#%#B"&%3'+$)"3J
<#'%3B"':$M"'3%'%#B8%#+%'56)'c"7$"'+%3"&"+"d'"4$%&&"'4$%'
5)6E8%#%'+8)%0B"1%#B%'+%'&"'9316383'8#E%)3"J'<&'"7$"'+%3"-           CONCLUSIONES
&"+"'3%'%#B8%#+%'4$%'%3'$#'"7$"'38#')%18#%)"&8,")J'<&'"7$"'
+%3"&"+"' )%08;%' B"1;8I#' %&' #61;)%' +%' 5%)1%"+6J' ' <3' 81-      P"':$M"'06#3B"'+%'38%B%'0"5MB$&63J'/'06#B8#$"089#'3%')%3$1%#'
56)B"#B%'B%#%)'%#'0$%#B"'4$%'&63'+"B63'4$%'3%'1"#%K"#'5")"'          &"3'06#0&$386#%3'1*3'8156)B"#B%3'+%'0"+"'$#6'+%'%&&63J'
&"' %&";6)"089#' +%' %3B"' :$M"' 5)60%+%#' B6+63' +%' 5&"#B"3' +%'
+%3"&"089#'+%'"7$"'+%'1")J'                                          1. Características de las aguas desaladas

<&' B)";"K6' 8#0&$D%2' %#' 5)81%)' &$7")2' $#"' %OB%#3"' 06#3$&B"'   P"3'"7$"3'+%3"&"+"3')%356#+%#'"'$#"'36&$089#'06#'$#'06#-
;8;&867)*! '0"'36;)%'%3B63'B%1"3'D'%#'%35%08"&'36;)%'&63'%3-         B%#8+6'1%+86'%#'39&8+63'B6B"&%3'+83$%&B63'+%'>g?'17'.YH^P2'
B*#+")%3'+%'0"&8+"+'D'1IB6+63'"#"&MB8063J                            +6#+%' "5)6O81"+"1%#B%' %&' >h' %3' S&W"J' ' P"3' "7$"3' +%-
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B"0B6'06#'&"'"B193C%)"J                                              <&' 06#B%#8+6' %#' 1"7#%386' %3' "5)6O81"+"1%#B%' %&' +6;&%'
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3"B$)"089#']5(3"B_J'                                                 089#' +%' &"' 5&"#B"J' S6))%356#+8%#B%1%#B%2' %&' 06#B%#8+6' %#'
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1.3.1 Sobre la relación CO2-pH en las aguas
      desaladas

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                         ''''''''''''''''''''''?2ZTl/&0m'''"B'ToS'




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                                                                                                                                    '
3%#B"+"'56)'Y8&&1"#3'D'5$;&80"+"'%#'TUT>'D'+6#+%'&"3'06#-                8-#G1'.78'9&278'9-'.&'@&A.&'()()
0%#B)"086#%3'+%'Se>'D'/&k'%3B*'%O5)%3"+"3'%#'17^PJ'


1.3.2 Sobre la relación entre la CE25 y la
      presencia de Cl- y Na+

<&'"7$"'+%3"&"+"')%356#+%'"'$#"'36&$089#'06#'"&)%+%+6)'+%&'
>h'+%'S&W"J'/3M2'&"'06#+$0B8E8+"+'+%&'"7$"'+%3"&"+"'%3'
+8)%0B"1%#B%'5)656)086#"&'"&'8#0)%1%#B6'+%'S&-'D'W"GJ'P"'
R87$)"'TJ>'1$%3B)"'%3B"')%&"089#J

P"')%&"089#'%#B)%'%&'S&-'D'%&'W"G2'%3'+%'T2>X'1!6&'S&-'56)'
1!6&'W"GJ'P"'R87$)"'TJV'8&$3B)"'%3B"')%&"089#J

1.3.3 Sobre los contenidos en Ca2+ y Mg2+
                                                                          !"#$%&'()H+',-.&/"01'-12%-'.&'3&*='6'D#*='8-#G1'.78'9&278'
                        >G            >G
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06#' %3B63' +"B632' D' +%' C6)1"' "5)6O81"+"2' 5$%+%' "3$18)3%'
4$%'!7>G']17^P_'!'T2'O'S">G']17^P_J                                      1.3.4 Comportamiento del agua desalada en
                                                                                contacto con la atmósfera
.8#'%1;")762'#6'3%'A"'%#06#B)"+62'06#'&63'+"B63'+8356#8-
;&%32' $#"' )%&"089#' 0&")"' %#B)%' &"' S<>X' D' &63' 06#B%#8+63' %#'     P"'3%#38;8&8+"+'+%&'"7$"'+%3"&"+"'"'&"'0"&8+"+'+%&'1$%3B)%6'
S">G'D'!7>GJ                                                              4$%+"'%E8+%#08"+"'06#'&63')%3$&B"+63'+%'&"3'R87$)"3'TJX2'TJZ'
                                                                          D'TJJ'.%7Q#'%3B63')%3$&B"+632'&"3'"7$"3'+%3"&"+"3'B8%#+%#'

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                                                                      >>>D2$$+D%*&pq&!-2'>+/%&h2/%%&-2&$(+/0%`D

                                                                      2.5.2 SM2330 method for the calculation of
                                                                            pHsat

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                                                                      ,"%/&2-/1;,+&>"'(&+&$-%2!&$"%#'&2-/&'(%&+$'"4"'<f

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2.5.1 Simplified method for the calculation                            S+7k&p&S+,$";1:&"#&1-,*O0bP
      of pHsat                                                        6,E&p&6,E+,"#"'<:&"#&%G;"4+,%#'*O0b,D
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B&p&,-0&6,Eh10&S+SFUbP`                                               H&p&rW8lX9bhIkTTW`sOWgDlUY

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3.3.2 Simulación matemática de la
      remineralización

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4. INDIRECT CALCULATION OF THE LSI AND SAR OF REMINERALISED
    WATER FROM DATA ON EC AND PH PRIOR TO AND FOLLOWING
    REMINERALISATION

4.1 Introduction                                                             4.2 Materials and methods

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*"#$%&'(%/%&+/%&#-&$-11%/$"+,&*<*'%1*&1+E"#0&'("*&.-**"O                     4.3 Results
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  • 1.
  • 2. GUÍA PARA LA REMINERALIZACIÓN DE LAS AGUAS DESALADAS GUIDELINE FOR THE REMINERALISATION OF DESALINATED WATERS !"#$%&'(%)#*#+%,-.$*)%,
  •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ota aclaratoria a la 2ª edición: Explanatory note to the 2nd edition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`#!.&/&2"#.(#),#5*6,#V*(#3(#$*1)&/,#,L7%,#/7%%&+(#(34,# L"*2&U.;&:;*3*6.&6<&3":&>8*;:&.6C&+8=,*2":;&)611:)3&3"*2&*.R &'$%(/&3&2"#8#,'$)6,#4,'1&C"#)73#/%&4(%&73#$,%,#()#/H)/*)7# 4))814)?&4.;&=164;:.2&3":&)1*3:1*4&<61&*.;*1:)3&)4,)8,43*6.& &".&%(/47#.()#GOJ#,#$,%4&%#.()#&"/%('("47#.(#),#:!=# 6<&3":&I(-&<169&3":&*.)1:42:&6<&3":&_@# !)#,*47%# L":&483"61 0:E0?!P 9*".,/&2"#:("4%7#:,",%&7#.()#0+*, :[#0)1,3,";-#QQ :[#O,"#9%,"/&3/7#X-#K),"4,#QT-#Y!#/=#Q S`#!.&/&2"c#0+7347#STQT SRTZa#?,.%&. ZRTTS#O,"4,#:%*;#.(#B("(%&W(= bbb=,/*,'(.=(3 bbb=W//,=(3 JOdDc#UaRIR_IQ_IZXSXIR
  • 4. PREFACIO PREFACE LA REMINERALIZACIÓN, GARANTÍA DE Remineralisation, quality assurance for CALIDAD DEL AGUA DESALADA desalinated water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  • 8. TJ'S/N/SY<Nj.YFS/.'H<'P/.'/:L/.'H<./P/H/. 1.3.1 Sobre la relación CO2-pH en las aguas desaladas <#' &"' Y";&"' TJT' 3%' 6;3%)E"' &"' E")8"089#' +%&' 5(' %#' &"3' 5&"#B"3' 4$%' 0616' 5$%+%' E%)3%' 6308&"' %#B)%' Z2Z' D' X2>J' S6))%356#+8%#B%1%#B%2' %&' 06#B%#8+6' %#' Se>' 4$%' E")M"' %#B)%'?2X'17'Se>^P'D'TZ'17'Se>^PJ'P63'+"B63')%" '%K"#' &"')%&"089#'%#B)%'%&'Se>'D'%&'5(J''P"'R87$)"'TJT'5)%3%#B"' &63')%3$&B"+63'6;B%#8+63'D'+6#+%'3%'1$%3B)"'&"')%&"089#' 0&")"'%#B)%'"1;63'5")*1%B)63J' ' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''VlSe>&8;)%m !"#$%&'()*+',-.&/"01'-12%-'.&'34*5'6'.78'/712-1"978'-1'3.:;' '5(<n-&67'' <&='6'>=)'?&278'9-'.&'@&A.&'()() ''''''''''''''''''''''?2ZTl/&0m'''"B'ToS' !"#$%&'()(+',-.&/"01'-12%-'-.'/712-1"97'-1'3I*'6'-.'JK' J&%&' .&8' &#$&8' 9-8&.&9&8)' L-#G1' .78' 9&278' &1&."M&978' -1' .&A7%&27%"7' 6' /&./$.&978' &' J&%2"%' 9-' %-.&/"01' 9-' @"..C&18)N <3B"')%&"089#'06))%356#+%'5)*0B80"1%#B%'"'&"'C9)1$&"'5)%- !"#$%&' ()B+' ,-.&/"01' -12%-' CD7.' 3.:EF' 6' CD7.' <&=EF' ' 3%#B"+"'56)'Y8&&1"#3'D'5$;&80"+"'%#'TUT>'D'+6#+%'&"3'06#- 8-#G1'.78'9&278'9-'.&'@&A.&'()() 0%#B)"086#%3'+%'Se>'D'/&k'%3B*'%O5)%3"+"3'%#'17^PJ' 1.3.2 Sobre la relación entre la CE25 y la presencia de Cl- y Na+ <&'"7$"'+%3"&"+"')%356#+%'"'$#"'36&$089#'06#'"&)%+%+6)'+%&' >h'+%'S&W"J'/3M2'&"'06#+$0B8E8+"+'+%&'"7$"'+%3"&"+"'%3' +8)%0B"1%#B%'5)656)086#"&'"&'8#0)%1%#B6'+%'S&-'D'W"GJ'P"' R87$)"'TJ>'1$%3B)"'%3B"')%&"089#J P"')%&"089#'%#B)%'%&'S&-'D'%&'W"G2'%3'+%'T2>X'1!6&'S&-'56)' 1!6&'W"GJ'P"'R87$)"'TJV'8&$3B)"'%3B"')%&"089#J 1.3.3 Sobre los contenidos en Ca2+ y Mg2+ !"#$%&'()H+',-.&/"01'-12%-'.&'3&*='6'D#*='8-#G1'.78'9&278' >G >G P63'06#B%#8+63'%#'S" 'D'%&'!7 '1"#B8%#%#'$#"'08%)B"'5)6- 9-'.&'@&A.&'()()' 56)086#"&8+"+'3%7Q#'3%')%" '%K"'%#'&"'R87$)"'TJ@J'H%'"0$%)+6' 06#' %3B63' +"B632' D' +%' C6)1"' "5)6O81"+"2' 5$%+%' "3$18)3%' 4$%'!7>G']17^P_'!'T2'O'S">G']17^P_J 1.3.4 Comportamiento del agua desalada en contacto con la atmósfera .8#'%1;")762'#6'3%'A"'%#06#B)"+62'06#'&63'+"B63'+8356#8- ;&%32' $#"' )%&"089#' 0&")"' %#B)%' &"' S<>X' D' &63' 06#B%#8+63' %#' P"'3%#38;8&8+"+'+%&'"7$"'+%3"&"+"'"'&"'0"&8+"+'+%&'1$%3B)%6' S">G'D'!7>GJ 4$%+"'%E8+%#08"+"'06#'&63')%3$&B"+63'+%'&"3'R87$)"3'TJX2'TJZ' D'TJJ'.%7Q#'%3B63')%3$&B"+632'&"3'"7$"3'+%3"&"+"3'B8%#+%#' TV
  • 9. 7D&S@CIH@C6&RF@&IMH&6!!H!!LHZI&FR&BH!6PCZ6IHB&6ZB&@HLCZH@6PC!HB&J6IH@! R"0;/%&TDT&*(->*&+&'<."$+,&)"+0/+1&2-/&'(%&*"1.,"!&%)&$+,O I(%*%& '>-& 1%'(-)*& )"22%/& +*& /%0+/)*& '(%& 4+,;%& -2& .M*+':& $;,+'"-#&-2&.M*+'DX '(%&P!C&-5'+"#%)&;*"#0&'(%&*"1.,"! &%)&1%'(-)&5%"#0&+../-K"O 1+'%,<&8D7&;#"'*&,->%/&'(+#&'(+'&-5'+"#%)&>"'(&!L7UU8D I(%& *"1.,"!&%)& P!C& $+,$;,+'"-#& 1%'(-)& "*& +4+",+5,%& +'& >>>D2$$+D%*&pq&!-2'>+/%&h2/%%&-2&$(+/0%`D 2.5.2 SM2330 method for the calculation of pHsat I(%& *'+#)+/)& !L7UU8T& 1%'(-)& *;11+/"*%*& '(%& ./-0/%**& 1+)%&'-&)+'%&"#&>+'%/&$(%1"*'/<&+#)&"*&'(%&"#'%/#+'"-#+,,<& +$$%.'%)&1%'(-)&2-/&'(%&$+,$;,+'"-#&-2&.M*+'D I(%&!L7UU8T&1%'(-)&"*&+&1-/%&+$$;/+'%&+#)&./%$"*%&1-)%,& '(+'&"#$,;)%*&'(%/1-)<#+1"$&$-#$%.'*&-2&/%+$'"-#&rTsD I(%&!L7UU8&1%'(-)&"1.,"%*&$-//%$'"#0&'(%&-/"0"#+,&P+#0%O ,"%/&2-/1;,+&>"'(&+&$-%2!&$"%#'&2-/&'(%&+$'"4"'<f +,-./0& '('*& 1232-/43& 52/& 670& 8,39:,! <4:<.:46,2=& 25& &0;& .M*+'&p&.o7O.o*$k.S+7kk.6,EkX.21 $>?(&@+&A&B@C&D&EFGHIJ)(G J(%/%f !;5*%G;%#',<:& -#& '(%& 5+*"*& -2& '(%& >-/E& -2& P+/*-#& +#)& ;*>%,,X&+#)&-2&P+#0%,"%/&("1*%,2&9:&+&#;1%/"$+,&1-)%,&>+*& o7&p&!%$-#)&$-#*'+#'&-2&)"*+**-$"+'"-#&2-/&$+/5-#"$&+$")&+'& )%4%,-.%)&5+*%)&-#&./+$'"$+,&)+'+&'(+'&2+$","'+'%)&$+,$;,+O >+'%/&'%1.%/+';/%D '"-#&$-#*")%/+5,<D o*$& p& V/-);$'& -2& *-,;5","'<& 2-/& $+,$"'%& +'& >+'%/& '%1.%/+O ';/%D 2.5.1 Simplified method for the calculation S+7k&p&S+,$";1:&"#&1-,*O0bP of pHsat 6,E&p&6,E+,"#"'<:&"#&%G;"4+,%#'*O0b,D .21&p&S-%2! &$"%#'&-2&+$'"4"'<&+'&'(%&*.%$"! &%)&'%1.%/+';/%D C#&/%*.-#*%&'-&'(%&)%1+#)&2-/&+&#;1%/"$+,&./-$%);/%&2-/& '(%&$+,$;,+'"-#&-2&.M*+':&+#)&"#&+$$-/)+#$%&>"'(&'(%&>-/E& I(%& 2-,,->"#0& %G;+'"-#*& +/%& ./-.-*%)& 2-/& $+,$;,+'"-#& -2& -2&P+/*-#&+#)&;*>%,,W:&+&*"1.,"! &%)&%1."/"$+,&2-/1;,+&(+*& %+$(&-2&'(%&%,%1%#'*&-2&'(%&%G;+'"-#f 5%%#&)%4%,-.%)&2-/&'(%&$+,$;,+'"-#&-2&.M*+':&'("*&5%$-1"#0& >")%*./%+)& 5%$+;*%& -2& "'*& *"1.,"$"'<D& & I("*& 2-/1;,+& "*& +*& .o 7 pT8YDggYTk8D8U7X7g9lIOXTXT:YlbIOUg:l7XWT 2-,,->*f ,-0T8IkXWUYTUDlbI7:&2-/&+&'%1.%/+';/%&/+#0%&-2&7YUOUYU&no .o*$pTYTDl8WXk8:8YYllUIO7gUlDUTlbIOYT:XlX,-0T8I:& .M*+'p&hlDU&k&6&k&`&O&h&S&k&B` 2-/&+&'%1.%/+';/%&/+#0%&-2&7YUOUWU&no .21&p&6hCt8DXbhTkCt8DX``O8DUC:&4+,")&2-/&Ca&8DX J(%/%f J(%/%f 6&p&TbT8&h,-0hIB!`OT` &p&OTUDT7&K&,-0hIhnS`k7YUD7`kU9DXX C&p&TDW&K&T8OX&K&SH7X S&p&,-0hS+h10S+SFUbP``O8D9 6&p&TDg7&K&T8W&hHuI`OTDX B&p&,-0&6,Eh10&S+SFUbP` H&p&rW8lX9bhIkTTW`sOWgDlUY I("*&*"1.,"! &%)&1%'(-)&2-/&'(%&$+,$;,+'"-#&-2&.M*+'&$-#'"#;%*& J(%/%f '-&5%&;*%)&2/%G;%#',<&+*&+#&"#)"$+'-/&-2&'(%&'%#)%#$<&-2&>+'%/& '-&)"**-,4%&-/&./%$"."'+'%&$+,$";1&$+/5-#+'%D&&M->%4%/:&"'& Cp&C-#"$&*'/%#0'( "*& +#& %1."/"$+,& 1%'(-)& '(+'& )-%*& #-'& "#$,;)%& +& *%/"%*& -2& HS7Xp&H,%$'/"$+,&$-#);$'"4"'<:&!1(-*b$1&-/&!!b$1 $+,$;,+'"-#*& -2& '(%& '(%/1-)<#+1"$*& -2& '(%& ./-$%**& '(+'& Ip&I%1.%/+';/%&-2&>+'%/:&no&hnS&k&7YUD7` *(-;,)&5%&$-#*")%/%)&"#&+&$-1.,%'%&+#+,<*"*&-2&'(%&2+$'-/*& H&p&B"%,%$'/"$&$-#*'+#' "#'%/4%#"#0&"#&/%+$'"-#&rTsD I(%&P!C&$+,$;,+'"-#&1%'(-)&+$$-/)"#0&'-&!L7UU8&"*&+4+",O S-#*%G;%#',<:&'("*&3;")%&/%$-11%#)*&'(%&;*%&-2&'(%&*'+#)+/)& +5,%&+'&>>>D2$$+D%*&pq&!-2'>+/%&h2/%%&-2&$(+/0%`D 1%'(-)&!L7UU8&)%*$/"5%)&"#&'(%&2-,,->"#0&.+/+0/+.(:&5+*%)& -#&+&1-/%&/"0-/-;*&$+,$;,+'"-#&-2&'(%&/%+$'"-#*&"#'%/4%#"#0D >Z
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