1. Grigsby
Chapter 6
Fascism

2. Fascism
• The political system of the
extreme right, which incorporates:
• Principles of the leader (dictator)
• A one-party state
• Totalitarian regimentation of economic & social
activity
• Arbitrary exercise of absolute power by the regime
• Rejects Socialism, Communism, Democracy

4. 20th Century
Ideology
Benito
Mussolini
(1883-1945)
Adolf Hitler
(1889-1945)

5. Opposition to
Pacifism
• Pacifism
• Countries can and should coexist peacefully
and resolve disputes by nonviolent means.
• Fascism view of Pacifism
• Cosigns a country to weakness
• Excuses cowardice
• Abandons the risk-taking that might propel
country into position of greater strength
• Territorial expansion
• Taking power over government
• Demonstrating superiority

6. Promotion of
Nationalism
• A people’s heightened
sense of cultural,
historical, and territorial
identity, unity, and
sometimes greatness
• An alternative to internationalism and
individualism
• Anti-Internationalism: Reject international allies
ability to override national sovereignty
• Anti-Individualism: Individual interests
subordinate to interests of nation

7. Glorification of the
State
• The state is the vehicle through
which the attributes of the
nation are expressed
• Totalistic State (Totalitarian)
• Governments that control the totality of human life
and subordinate the individual to the state.
• Popular empowerment
• State regulation of economic, cultural, and political
life.
Nothing off limits for state regulation.

8. Fascists in Italy
• 1925: Started monitoring people
involved in sports, drama, bands,
orchestras, libraries, and theatres.
• 1926: Outlawed strikes
• 1927: Proclaimed nation more important than
individual
• 1928: Announced culture to reflect fascist ideals.
Women forbidden to wear pants.
• 1929: Publishers required to submit political
manuscripts to fascist representatives for approval.
• 1934: Corporations empowered to establish wages
and prices.
• 1935: Independent labor unions prohibited.

9. German Fascists
• To increase control
over economic matters:
• 1933: Illegal to divide land among different
heirs.
• 1934: Prohibited migration to urban areas with
high levels of unemployment.
• 1935: Legalized the procedure of requiring
former agricultural workers to return to their
jobs in agriculture.
• State displaced the individual as the locus
of economic decision making.

10. Racism
• Individuals not equal by
birth and should not be
equal under the laws.
• Divide individuals by
natural abilities and social
worth.
• Average person
• Obligated to submit to the
elites
• Desired to be dominated by
Nordic Ideal them

11. Selection tests consisted primarily of racial and medical
examinations. These were followed by analyses of the
child's character, ability and psychological qualities. The
racial tests were conducted by specialists from the Main
Office for Race and Settlement of the SS or sometimes,
as in Lódz, by doctors from the health department. There
were special forms for the tests which contained 62
points concerning the child's physique, shape and colour
of the eyes, type of hair, etc. This detailed physical
description of the child was used to establish its racial
type. There were 11 racial types and two additional ones:
negative and positive. The racial type having been
established, the child was put into one of three
categories:
1. "Desirable natural increase"
2. "Tolerable natural increase"
3."Undesirable natural increase"

12. Nazi Inferiors
• Jews
• Jehovah’s Witnesses
• Roma (gypsies)
• Criminals
• Political dissidents
• Gay men
• Lesbians and “Antisocials”

13. Neofascism
• Modern revival of
Fascism and National
Socialism
• Russia
• China
• Austria
• United States
• France
• Germany

14. TOLEDO RIOTS OCTOBER 15, 2005

23. • Four-hour standoff
• Tavern burned down
• Businesses looted
• 114 protesters arrested
• Over 24 police and rioters treated for
injuries at local hospitals