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The Trap We Set
The Trap We Set
The Trap We Set
Rescuing Them From The Trap We Set
Linking sex trafficking to pornography


Copyright © 2012 by Jonathan Schmidt, Jordan Weatherson, Heewoo Yang, Ben Emch

All rights reserved. “The Trap We Set” is the intellectual property of the authors. This work is made available
for free and may not be used for the purpose of commercial gain. Anyone is free to copy or redistribute this
work as long as no changes are made.


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Published with Snowfall Press
Contents
	   What is Sex Trafficking?							                  9	

	   Pornography and Sex Trafficking						           14	

	   The First Step to Fight Sex Trafficking 					   22	
	
	   Discussion Questions							                     25
The Trap We Set
Foreword
	         In recent years we have seen an increase in awareness of sex trafficking across the world. Many are
passionate about getting involved in this area of injustice. Advocacy is definitely needed to see this go away,
yet sex trafficking has deep roots and appropriate advocacy must begin with those roots. What we have seen
is that pornography is at the very roots of this issue, yet it is rarely brought into the discussion.

	         This may be from the stigma in our society to talk about pornography; even though the majority of
us have viewed pornography we avoid talking about it. Pornography is something that people do without ask-
ing questions in an attempt to justify their actions. What is needed however is for many to rise out against
this issue, to fight the very drive that allows sex trafficking to exist. With this book we will show the obvious
relation between pornography and sex trafficking. Inversely we can see that only when a society is willing to
end pornography will sex trafficking be truly abolished, and for many this is the first step they can and must
take.
	
	         We have separated this book into three sections, the first defines sex trafficking, the second shows
the link between pornography and sex trafficking, and the third deals with how those who want to fight both
issues can start. We have focused our statistics in Europe but sex trafficking is a global problem linking econo-
mies across the globe.

	        We also would like to recognise that while the majority of offences relating to sex trafficking are per-
formed by men, a third of pornography is viewed by women. As men we have focused our attention to what
we see is the root of the issue, the actions of men in regard to women.
The Trap We Set
What is sex trafficking?
	         Human trafficking is the second largest global organised crime today, generating approximately 31.6
billion USD each year1. Specifically, trafficking for sexual exploitation generates 27.8 billion USD per year.
90% of trafficked people end up in the sex industry, and only 1-2 percent of victims are rescued. 1 out of
100’000 people in Europe who are involved in trafficking are ever arrested.2 The tragedy is that most people
believe that the efforts of William Wilberforce in the 19th century removed this terrible injustice from our
world. Since people cannot openly see it, they ignorantly conclude that it does not exist. Unfortunately, deny-
ing the presence of evil has no affect on it. Rather evil is delighted to grow in the dark corners of our society.
The first step in the prevention of evil is bringing it into the light, so it can be seen for what it is.
	
	         Every year roughly 1 million people are trafficked. Of those trafficked 80% are women and 60% chil-
dren, and are primarily from poor regions and developing nations.3 They are kidnapped, coerced, indebted,
and sold into positions that destroy their bodies and earn an income for their masters. This is an evil economy
that destroys the lives of millions of people, and it is increasing all over the world including in Europe4. Most of
the women and girls trafficked into the sex industry for the developed world (EU and US) come from Eastern
Europe; therefore we will focus on these regions.
	
	         Sex trafficking is modern day sexual slavery. This means that people are enslaved into different sex-
ual practices, i.e. prostitution, through fraud, false promises, coercion and the use of force. This is a process
systematic rape and abuse on a scale unprecedented in world history. The vast majority of Victims in Europe

1   UN.GIFT ‘Human Trafficking: the Facts’ <http://www.unglobalcompact.org/docs/issues_doc/labour/Forced_labour/HUMAN_TRAFFICKING_-_	THE_FACTS_-_final.pdf>
2   A 21 Campaign ‘The Problem’ < http://www.thea21campaign.org/the-problem.php>
3   http://www.mannafreedom.com/get-informed-about-human-trafficking/what-is-human-trafficking/
4   Manna Freedom ‘what is human trafficking’ <http://www.ifrc.org/en/noticias/noticias/international/eastern-europe-human-trafficking-set-to-rise>


                                                                                                                                                              9
are women from Eastern Europe, Southern Europe and the former Soviet bloc. Often victims are refugees, un-
employed people, homeless individuals, tourists, kidnapped victims, drug addicts, teens who have run away
from home and immigrants who are denied asylum.
	
	         There are no typical stories of trafficking; however some common themes generally include a poor
local economy that leads to individuals clinging to any offer of a better life in a different country. This puts at
risk individuals into contact with traffickers who offer false promises and the hope of improving their life in a
foreign country. However the traffickers have no intention of delivering on their promises, instead those who
trust them are then forced into sex slavery. This is why much of the women come from Eastern Europe; due
to communism and poverty the citizens of Eastern Europe hoped to live on the other side of the curtain in
Western Europe. This dream is still in many of their mind-sets even after the curtain came down. Thus East-
ern Europe is an ideal region for traffickers. As women are moved from origin countries in Eastern Europe to
destination countries in western Europe, they are “broken in” and raped an average of 10 times on their first
night. This then is the first time that the traffickers earn money off their victims, and will continue until the
victims have paid off a debt supposedly incurred during the transportation to the destination country. These
victims can spend a range of time from years to decades in these situations and suffer from forced abortions,
STD’s, and addictions.
	
	         If a victim is lucky enough to escape or be freed from their enslavement, they are often returned to
their families with no aftercare put in place for them. In these situations the victims are in danger of being
resold by their families who may have sold them in the first place as well. The shame associated with prostitu-
tion and rape in many traditional cultures leads to depression and suicide. In any case, without aftercare the
victims are left depressed, traumatised and unable to regain a place in their society.
	
	

10
So what do these routes actually look like? Some of the specific routes into Western Europe take women from
Moldova, Hungary, Ukraine and Romania and move them through the Balkans into Italy,5 and Turkey.6 There
is also a northern route that moves women from Russia, Estonia and Latvia into Scandinavia and to Western
Europe via Poland7. Another entry point into Western Europe is across the strait of Gibraltar, which connects
with routes through North Africa often originating from Nigeria. One typical story tells of a victim who was
from Moldova and was entertained with the idea of waitressing in Italy. She was taken first to Romania then
to Serbia where she was ‘broken in’ and then onto Albania and finally Italy where she was able to escape.
These routes vary widely and can include a large number of Western European countries as once they enter
Western Europe the open borders between nations allow for easy transit.8 In summation the general direction
of sex trafficking is from east to west. (see page 12).

	        As one can see from this brief overview of the issue the real problem of sex trafficking is those in
Western Europe that create the demand for it. Europe was a continent full of beautiful cathedrals, reforma-
tions, and revivals, even many valuable humanitarian responses to the world’s issues were birthed on this
continent. However as we drift further and further from our Biblical foundations the definition of sex is almost
immediately perverted, as we are seeing in Europe. Where men will pay for sex, rape children, and beat
women within inches of their lives for their own enjoyment. When the Bible is no longer read and God is forced
from society women lose their intrinsic value as human beings and morality becomes an afterthought in a
society enslaved by selfishness. Meaning that sex-trafficking in Europe is just the face of a deeper issue.
	

5 Blue Blindfold, ‘Elena’s story’ <www.blueblindfold.co.uk/stories/story2.php>
6 Transchel, Kate. ‘Opinion: Behind the myth of the “happy hooker.”<www.globalpost.com/dispatch/worldview/091203/moldova-sex-trafficking> 2010.
7 Dying to Leave: Business of Human Trafficking: Trafficking Routes <www.pbs.org/wnet/wideangle/episodes/dying-to-leave/business-of-human-trafficking/trafficking-
routes/1428/> 2003.
8 Mendenhall, Preston. ‘Infiltrating Europe’s shameful trade in human beings’ <www.msnbc.msn.com/id/3071965/ns/us_news-only/t/infiltrating-europes-shameful-trade-
human-beings/#.ULoDFWd2n91> 2012.


                                                                                                                                                                     11
Origin
     Transit
     Destination




12
In the next section we will look closer at how sex trafficking and pornography are linked together.
Showing how both of these are branches of the same tree. Often we read the stats and stories like those we
have listed above and feel angry, and upset but these emotions fail to move us to action. We believe that by
proving this link between sex trafficking and pornography it will become obvious what immediate actions we
can take in the prevention of this horrible crime.




                                                                                                         13
Pornography and Sex Trafficking
	         Generally statistics linking pornography to sex trafficking are hard to find. To do so one needs to look
at the stats of both, side by side and begin to ask questions. Yet we do not often ask questions that we suspect
an unfavourable answer to. This is why on one side many people accept pornography as a societal norm yet
think that sex trafficking is despicable and should not be allowed to exist. In this section we will show that one
without the other could not exist.
	
	         In our view, pornography is one of the strongest contributing factors to creating the demand for sex
trafficking. Pornography has changed how much of our society views women. They are seen as an image,
a statue that has been placed there for the enjoyment of men. One cannot think that porn can be viewed
without seriously affecting one’s view of the person in the image. On the same note it will also affect one’s
definition of what sex actually is. Viewing pornography is an extremely slippery and steep slope. Since por-
nography changes your definition of what sex actually is, the viewing of it can only lead one to a more violent
and younger view of sex. Sexual fantasies that are enacted on the internet simply do not stay in cyberspace
but find their way into the thoughts and actions of men. These fantasies, that seemingly hurt no one, actually
are hurting vulnerable women and promoting an increasingly violent view of sex.
	
	         Summarising the view of men who purchase sex, Donna M. Hughes stated that “they are seeking
sex without relationship responsibilities. They are seeking control and sex in contexts in which they are not
required to be polite or nice, and where they can humiliate, degrade, and hurt the woman or child1. Did this
selfish, no consequence view start with the first pornographic image they saw? Humans will constantly choose
the action that seems to have the least amount of consequences. We choose the meal option at McDonald’s

1 Hughes, Donna M., ‘The Demand for Victims of Sex Trafficking’ Women’s Studies Program University of Rhode Island 2005. 7.


14
to avoid the consequence of time spent cooking and shopping. In the same way men choose pornography to
avoid the consequences of the work that comes from creating a real relationship. When viewed in this man-
ner pornography is just a step in the ladder above prostitution that most men are quickly falling down. As a
result we have created a culture in which sex is seen as a transaction and not a relationship. Such a culture
contains the perfect environment for sex trafficking to flourish.
	
	         Internet pornography acts as a major gateway to step into prostitution. In other words, men in the
course of using pornography are being trained to engage in prostitution. Pornography has also contributed to
the global nature of the sex industry because men can find videos of foreign women with relative ease online.
This has led to the increase of men travelling to other nations such as Thailand with the express purpose of
engaging in sex tourism.
	
	         As sex tourism increases, criminal gangs start to traffic women to these hotspots. It is a simple sup-
ply and demand equation, as the demand increases the supply increases as well. When there are no longer
enough women willing to be bought, the pimps must go to other nations to find a larger supply. This is called
sex trafficking. When the supply is human beings we can use another word, slavery. The traffickers or pimps
who perform these despicable actions earn a large profit off the sexual abuse of minors and these acts often
occur in countries with poor law enforcement. The criminals who create the demand for these heinous crimes
are generally men who travel to another country for the express purpose of exploiting minors this has come
to be known as sex tourism.
	
	         In response to this theoretical effect of pornography on the viewer one might argue, against the
facts, that his viewing of porn would never lead him to actually buy a prostitute and therefore he is not partici
pating in human trafficking. That at the worst, as mentioned earlier, his viewing of porn creates the demand



                                                                                                              15
100




                 80



                                                                            Pornography Industry
                 60                                                         Human Trafficking Industry
     Billion $




                 40

                       Fall of the
                       Berlin Wall

                 20




                             1990         1995         2000   2005   2010


                                     Yugoslavian war


16
and sustains the culture that is needed for sex trafficking to exist. But is he actually participating in sex traf-
ficking?
	          As mentioned before, to see the relationship between sex trafficking and pornography one needs to
look at the statistics of both industries and ask questions. As of 2010 the yearly profit of human trafficking
was roughly $32 Billion.2 In 2006 sex trafficking accounted for 79%3 of human trafficking, yet as stated above
some say it has grown to roughly 90%. This may seem like a lot yet the pornographic industry had risen far
above this amount four years earlier. In 2006 the revenues of the pornography industry reached $97.06 bil-
lion. It “has larger revenues than Microsoft, Google, Amazon, eBay, Yahoo, Apple and Netflix combined”4 (see
page 16). Without a doubt traffickers partake in their job for a profit, they are businessmen. When one com-
pares these two industries where is the greater profit to be made? Obviously the answer is in pornography.
	
	          Another question that arises when one is debating any business deal is what are the risks involved?
Which scenario has more risks, posting an image or a file on a website or having to smuggle an Eastern
European girl through at least three nations, evading and bribing customs officials and local police, only to
then move the women from brothel to brothel to avoid arrests. Again from a business standpoint pornogra-
phy has less risk than sex trafficking. Yet what if a businessman could sell the same product to two different
industries? Though sex trafficking and porn may be different industries they are based off the same market,
created by a transactional view of sex, allowing the same product to be sold twice. An analogy of this would
be if a neighbour offered to pay you $20 to cut his grass and you knew another neighbour, who owned a lawn
and gardens website, would pay you about $60 for video footage of you cutting grass. Would you hesitate
to set up the camera before you cut the grass? A businessman definitely would not. The sad thing about this
analogy is that it is essentially true. Trafficked women are often filmed in the act of prostitution and it is then

2 Polaris Project. ‘Human Trafficking Statistics’, PDF, Polaris project, 2010, 1.
3 UNODC, ‘Global report on Trafficking In Persons’, 2008. 50.
4 Ropelato, Jerry. ‘Internet Pornography Statistics’ <internet-filter-review.toptenreviews.com/internet-pornography-statistics.html>


                                                                                                                                       17
uploaded to porn sites (see page 19).
	         Within internet pornography the tag word free is used very loosely. According to a survey performed
as part of a project called “Keeper of the United States”,5 117 male respondents between the ages of 15-80
said that they started watching pornography due to advertisements on unrelated websites as well as spam
mail. On average these men were 12 years old the first time they viewed pornography. Companies do this
because watching pornography at such an early age causes an addiction that lasts for the rest of their lives.
Due to pop up ads on the internet containing free images, young people are lured to buy pornography and
continue the downward trek searching for more and more explicit material. At one point 74%6 of commercial
pornography sites displayed free teaser porn images on websites, or in banner ads enticing viewers to pay
for further content. Yet no one ever asks where do these images come from? Economically speaking it is easy
to give away stuff for free when you received it for free. Trafficked women are not paid for their work so why
would a producer pay a model for images he will have to give away for free? An entrepreneur would carry this
thought to its rightful conclusion and state ‘well why would he pay a model for an image he would sell when he
could increase his profit by selling an image he attained virtually for free using trafficked women’. It is a short
step and in some regions can even make prostitution legal. Many nations in Europe state that prostitution is
illegal and of the U.S. all but one state has laws against prostitution. Yet in all of these nations pornography
is legal. Does the simple presence of a camera change the act from illegal to legal?
	
	         It is clearly seen that the pornography industry and sex trafficking industry are not in competition,
since they essentially sell the same product and in some cases the same product twice. Yet we allow ourselves
to believe the lie that this is not true. Why should we assume that the pornographic film makers are more
righteous than the Spa owner who cannot get enough women to give the men what they want? Both are busi-
nessmen, and the goal is profit, by any means. Or why should we assume that some of the women stuck in

5 The Defenders USA
6 www.mykidsbrowser.com/internet-pornography-statistics.php


18
$
            $
        $



                    $
        $
$



$                       $
                            $
$
                $

                            $




    $
                        $



                                19
brothels have been trafficked yet the women used in live sex shows on the internet have chosen to be there?
The answer is simple; we like our dichotomised thinking. It allows us to rationalise what is good and what is
evil. Our mind is the judge who never finds himself guilty.
	
	          Even though the addition of pornography to the trafficker’s dealings is a lucrative business deal, is
there any evidence that they have chosen this route? Again the stats of the two economies must be compared
and questions must be asked to find this evidence. As seen earlier a main target for traffickers is Eastern
Europe, and Hungary is one of the main nations of origin. Also this region is a target for pornographers. The
city that produces the most porn, and is known as the pornographic capital of Europe is Budapest, the capital
of Hungary. One pornographer was quoted saying “most West European producers of pornography use East
European actors wherever possible. “They cost less and do more.”7 Once again the main goal of any business
is profit and any goal of an unjust businessman is profit at all cost.
	
	          Another piece of evidence is to look at our society’s downward progression of pornography. In the
90’s the demand for hard-core porn began to increase significantly more than in previous decades.8 What
else began to occur in the 90’s? In 1989 the Berlin wall came down signifying the realisation of many dreams
held in Eastern Europe. They could now come to Western Europe and escape poverty. Traffickers immediately
began to exploit this dream. Secondly, the almost decade long war in Yugoslavia crippled any legitimate
government in the Balkans. Both of these factors of poverty and governmental corruption are the two main
‘push factors’9 that make it easy for traffickers to move women out of these nations. As the opportunity for
exploitation increased, organised crime started to expand into this new venture of sex trafficking (see page
19). Suddenly Western Europe’s streets were flooded with sex slaves that men could do with as they pleased.

7 Hughes, Donna M., ‘The Demand for Victims of Sex Trafficking’ 26.
8 Ropelato, Jerry ‘Internet Pornography Statistics’ http://internet-filter-review.toptenreviews.com/internet-pornography-statistics.html
9 Bales, Kevin “Testing a Theory of Modern Slavery” 12.


20
Sex lost any boundaries it might have had when prostitutes had chosen to sell themselves. Trafficked victims
opened the door for violent sex, as they had no say in the transaction since they were slaves. The treatment
they received makes it obvious that they did not choose this life for themselves. Why then would we think that
women on the other side of a monitor, in the increasingly violent pornographic scenes, would have chosen this
life for themselves as well? What was called hard-core porn in the 90’s is now the common form of porn. It is
not a stretch to say that today’s porn industry was birthed in the 90’s right alongside sex trafficking in Europe,
coincidence we think not!
	
	          In summation pornography requires less of our involvement than prostitution; it can be accessed in
the security of your own home. Since it is easier we force ourselves to believe that it is less evil, even accept-
able. But as shown pornography constitutes the demand for sex trafficking, creating a culture of commercial
sex, and it is in fact sex trafficking. When one begins to ask questions, it is obvious to see that there is no
logical reason why the trafficked girl from Budapest in the brothel is not the same girl you saw on the internet.




                                                                                                               21
The First Step to Fight Sex Trafficking
	         It is cool and trendy to fight injustices. There is something heroic about saving the enslaved girl
from her captors. This needs to be done, yet not by those who put her up in that tower. The fact is that if you
have viewed pornography you have no way of verifying whether the woman you viewed was trafficked or not.
Statistically and logically speaking we have proven that she most likely was. The amount of sexual images all
over the internet have reached epidemic levels; the vast distribution of adult content is caused by the lack of
regulations that prevent any from viewing pornographic images. So how then do you save the girl from the
tower? Stop putting her up there in the first place. You may think you’re one simple action of purity cannot
make much of a difference in the grand scheme of things. Yet it can, people tend to neglect the fact that his-
tory has been shaped by a simple yes to righteousness and a no to immorality. One man said no to revenge,
another to white supremacy, others to slavery, and still more to inequality.
	
	         Apart from seeing that pornography, to an unknown yet definite extent, is sex trafficking what else
will keep us from looking at it? If we look at the epidemic of pornography, we can see that the consumption
of pornography is a symptom of identity issues. Dr. Patrick Carnes said there are basically four core beliefs
why people view pornography1. When they think they are unworthy or simply a bad person. Another belief is
that they don’t think anyone would love them as they are. Some also believe that their needs will not be met,
if they have to depend upon others. The last factor is that they think sex is the most important need. Those
four core beliefs come out of lack of affirmation and love, dysfunctional family, rejection, isolation, sexual or
emotional abuse and insecurity 2. Out of that people try to satisfy these lies through masturbation and por-


1 Patrick Carnes. 2001. Out of the shadows: understanding sexual addiction, Hazelden: Center City, Minnesota. p. 167-68 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pornography_
addiction#Causes_of_Pornography_Addiction
2 Sexual Addiction - Relationship Breakdown Life Challenges www.allaboutlifechallenges.org/porn-addiction.htm


22
nography. The average age at which a child first sees pornography online is reported to be 113. That shows
clearly how young people often have identity problems, they do not really know who they are, and they are
struggling with their identity. Pornography does not help because we can gratify our sexual desires at our
whim without any challenge to our decision. Because there is no risk of rejection this feeds a false view of our
identity and is not accurate to reality. For example, in a marriage the decision to gratify sexual desires will be
mutual; it cannot be made by one person. Our identity is based in the image of God in us and we need to
pursue His design and not artificial pleasures. When we watch pornography it communicates lies and these
lies challenge our true identity.
	
	          Among other things, this issue harms our identity as men because we learn that we can have every
feeling of pleasure without ever working for it and it is no longer attached to our own need for intimacy. We
rob ourselves of ever interacting on a deep level with another human being. Pornography creates the illusion
that we no longer have to share who we really are with anyone, we already have everything we will ever
need. This becomes a place of deep despair and shame though we may not realise it. We just pretend that
everything is okay and wonder where our love for life went, or we pretend life was always meant to be lived
in cyberspace. Amongst Christian men, the effects are even more desperate. The enemy’s main way of keep-
ing us from accomplishing what God has for us is to target our identity. If we have engaged in pornographic
activity, this is exactly where the attack will come again and again. It is impossible to “fight the good fight”
when we are lacking our identity. No one can accept that God could love someone who has looked at porn that
day, nor can we trust that we are capable of finding a true loving relationship because of our guilt.
	
	          The temptation of Jesus in the wilderness shows something remarkable about our Lord and Saviour.
Three temptations came at Jesus and attacked right at the most vulnerable point, His identity. The difference

3 www.onlinemba.com/blog/stats-on-internet-pornography


                                                                                                               23
in His reaction and ours is how secure He was. He did not compromise for an instant and showed that He had
no need to test God about whom He is. During the rest of His life He also showed that He would not compro-
mise on this issue, though it was under attack constantly by the Pharisees day after day.
	
	         The lessons we can learn from our King are many but one of the most foundational is our identity.
The symptom of pornography can be solved when we look at who we are in Christ and nothing else. We must
rely on the unchanging nature of God’s love for us and His willingness to ensure that we grow in our character
to one day be able to enjoy the life He created for us. The more we surrender to Christ the greater we begin to
hate this sin and see the true value human life. When we trust that God created all people including ourselves
in His own image we begin to glimpse that maybe God created us for more than porn. Maybe He created us
to be truly free in real life and not pretend life on our islands of selfishness.
	
	         The questions raised by this book demand our response. We can no longer force from our conscience
the implications of our actions. The very trap we have set has enslaved our own minds and held millions of
women around the world captive. It is time that we take action.




24
Discussion questions
The first step in fighting pornography is bringing it into the light by discussing its affect on you. Below are
several discussion questions to help get the conversations going.

1. How would you describe your past or present interaction with pornography? (Addiction, necessity...)

2. What reasons can you think of for why you viewed pornography? What could be the roots of these reasons?

3. After reading this book what new questions should you create when the desire to look at pornography
surfaces again?

4. As you deal with this issue what scriptures can strengthen and support you?

5. What are some first action steps you can take today to overcome your difficulty with lust and temptation?




                                                                                                            25
The Trap We Set
The Trap We Set
28

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The Trap We Set

  • 4. Rescuing Them From The Trap We Set Linking sex trafficking to pornography Copyright © 2012 by Jonathan Schmidt, Jordan Weatherson, Heewoo Yang, Ben Emch All rights reserved. “The Trap We Set” is the intellectual property of the authors. This work is made available for free and may not be used for the purpose of commercial gain. Anyone is free to copy or redistribute this work as long as no changes are made. Find us on facebook facebook.com/thetrapweset Published with Snowfall Press
  • 5. Contents What is Sex Trafficking? 9 Pornography and Sex Trafficking 14 The First Step to Fight Sex Trafficking 22 Discussion Questions 25
  • 7. Foreword In recent years we have seen an increase in awareness of sex trafficking across the world. Many are passionate about getting involved in this area of injustice. Advocacy is definitely needed to see this go away, yet sex trafficking has deep roots and appropriate advocacy must begin with those roots. What we have seen is that pornography is at the very roots of this issue, yet it is rarely brought into the discussion. This may be from the stigma in our society to talk about pornography; even though the majority of us have viewed pornography we avoid talking about it. Pornography is something that people do without ask- ing questions in an attempt to justify their actions. What is needed however is for many to rise out against this issue, to fight the very drive that allows sex trafficking to exist. With this book we will show the obvious relation between pornography and sex trafficking. Inversely we can see that only when a society is willing to end pornography will sex trafficking be truly abolished, and for many this is the first step they can and must take. We have separated this book into three sections, the first defines sex trafficking, the second shows the link between pornography and sex trafficking, and the third deals with how those who want to fight both issues can start. We have focused our statistics in Europe but sex trafficking is a global problem linking econo- mies across the globe. We also would like to recognise that while the majority of offences relating to sex trafficking are per- formed by men, a third of pornography is viewed by women. As men we have focused our attention to what we see is the root of the issue, the actions of men in regard to women.
  • 9. What is sex trafficking? Human trafficking is the second largest global organised crime today, generating approximately 31.6 billion USD each year1. Specifically, trafficking for sexual exploitation generates 27.8 billion USD per year. 90% of trafficked people end up in the sex industry, and only 1-2 percent of victims are rescued. 1 out of 100’000 people in Europe who are involved in trafficking are ever arrested.2 The tragedy is that most people believe that the efforts of William Wilberforce in the 19th century removed this terrible injustice from our world. Since people cannot openly see it, they ignorantly conclude that it does not exist. Unfortunately, deny- ing the presence of evil has no affect on it. Rather evil is delighted to grow in the dark corners of our society. The first step in the prevention of evil is bringing it into the light, so it can be seen for what it is. Every year roughly 1 million people are trafficked. Of those trafficked 80% are women and 60% chil- dren, and are primarily from poor regions and developing nations.3 They are kidnapped, coerced, indebted, and sold into positions that destroy their bodies and earn an income for their masters. This is an evil economy that destroys the lives of millions of people, and it is increasing all over the world including in Europe4. Most of the women and girls trafficked into the sex industry for the developed world (EU and US) come from Eastern Europe; therefore we will focus on these regions. Sex trafficking is modern day sexual slavery. This means that people are enslaved into different sex- ual practices, i.e. prostitution, through fraud, false promises, coercion and the use of force. This is a process systematic rape and abuse on a scale unprecedented in world history. The vast majority of Victims in Europe 1 UN.GIFT ‘Human Trafficking: the Facts’ <http://www.unglobalcompact.org/docs/issues_doc/labour/Forced_labour/HUMAN_TRAFFICKING_-_ THE_FACTS_-_final.pdf> 2 A 21 Campaign ‘The Problem’ < http://www.thea21campaign.org/the-problem.php> 3 http://www.mannafreedom.com/get-informed-about-human-trafficking/what-is-human-trafficking/ 4 Manna Freedom ‘what is human trafficking’ <http://www.ifrc.org/en/noticias/noticias/international/eastern-europe-human-trafficking-set-to-rise> 9
  • 10. are women from Eastern Europe, Southern Europe and the former Soviet bloc. Often victims are refugees, un- employed people, homeless individuals, tourists, kidnapped victims, drug addicts, teens who have run away from home and immigrants who are denied asylum. There are no typical stories of trafficking; however some common themes generally include a poor local economy that leads to individuals clinging to any offer of a better life in a different country. This puts at risk individuals into contact with traffickers who offer false promises and the hope of improving their life in a foreign country. However the traffickers have no intention of delivering on their promises, instead those who trust them are then forced into sex slavery. This is why much of the women come from Eastern Europe; due to communism and poverty the citizens of Eastern Europe hoped to live on the other side of the curtain in Western Europe. This dream is still in many of their mind-sets even after the curtain came down. Thus East- ern Europe is an ideal region for traffickers. As women are moved from origin countries in Eastern Europe to destination countries in western Europe, they are “broken in” and raped an average of 10 times on their first night. This then is the first time that the traffickers earn money off their victims, and will continue until the victims have paid off a debt supposedly incurred during the transportation to the destination country. These victims can spend a range of time from years to decades in these situations and suffer from forced abortions, STD’s, and addictions. If a victim is lucky enough to escape or be freed from their enslavement, they are often returned to their families with no aftercare put in place for them. In these situations the victims are in danger of being resold by their families who may have sold them in the first place as well. The shame associated with prostitu- tion and rape in many traditional cultures leads to depression and suicide. In any case, without aftercare the victims are left depressed, traumatised and unable to regain a place in their society. 10
  • 11. So what do these routes actually look like? Some of the specific routes into Western Europe take women from Moldova, Hungary, Ukraine and Romania and move them through the Balkans into Italy,5 and Turkey.6 There is also a northern route that moves women from Russia, Estonia and Latvia into Scandinavia and to Western Europe via Poland7. Another entry point into Western Europe is across the strait of Gibraltar, which connects with routes through North Africa often originating from Nigeria. One typical story tells of a victim who was from Moldova and was entertained with the idea of waitressing in Italy. She was taken first to Romania then to Serbia where she was ‘broken in’ and then onto Albania and finally Italy where she was able to escape. These routes vary widely and can include a large number of Western European countries as once they enter Western Europe the open borders between nations allow for easy transit.8 In summation the general direction of sex trafficking is from east to west. (see page 12). As one can see from this brief overview of the issue the real problem of sex trafficking is those in Western Europe that create the demand for it. Europe was a continent full of beautiful cathedrals, reforma- tions, and revivals, even many valuable humanitarian responses to the world’s issues were birthed on this continent. However as we drift further and further from our Biblical foundations the definition of sex is almost immediately perverted, as we are seeing in Europe. Where men will pay for sex, rape children, and beat women within inches of their lives for their own enjoyment. When the Bible is no longer read and God is forced from society women lose their intrinsic value as human beings and morality becomes an afterthought in a society enslaved by selfishness. Meaning that sex-trafficking in Europe is just the face of a deeper issue. 5 Blue Blindfold, ‘Elena’s story’ <www.blueblindfold.co.uk/stories/story2.php> 6 Transchel, Kate. ‘Opinion: Behind the myth of the “happy hooker.”<www.globalpost.com/dispatch/worldview/091203/moldova-sex-trafficking> 2010. 7 Dying to Leave: Business of Human Trafficking: Trafficking Routes <www.pbs.org/wnet/wideangle/episodes/dying-to-leave/business-of-human-trafficking/trafficking- routes/1428/> 2003. 8 Mendenhall, Preston. ‘Infiltrating Europe’s shameful trade in human beings’ <www.msnbc.msn.com/id/3071965/ns/us_news-only/t/infiltrating-europes-shameful-trade- human-beings/#.ULoDFWd2n91> 2012. 11
  • 12. Origin Transit Destination 12
  • 13. In the next section we will look closer at how sex trafficking and pornography are linked together. Showing how both of these are branches of the same tree. Often we read the stats and stories like those we have listed above and feel angry, and upset but these emotions fail to move us to action. We believe that by proving this link between sex trafficking and pornography it will become obvious what immediate actions we can take in the prevention of this horrible crime. 13
  • 14. Pornography and Sex Trafficking Generally statistics linking pornography to sex trafficking are hard to find. To do so one needs to look at the stats of both, side by side and begin to ask questions. Yet we do not often ask questions that we suspect an unfavourable answer to. This is why on one side many people accept pornography as a societal norm yet think that sex trafficking is despicable and should not be allowed to exist. In this section we will show that one without the other could not exist. In our view, pornography is one of the strongest contributing factors to creating the demand for sex trafficking. Pornography has changed how much of our society views women. They are seen as an image, a statue that has been placed there for the enjoyment of men. One cannot think that porn can be viewed without seriously affecting one’s view of the person in the image. On the same note it will also affect one’s definition of what sex actually is. Viewing pornography is an extremely slippery and steep slope. Since por- nography changes your definition of what sex actually is, the viewing of it can only lead one to a more violent and younger view of sex. Sexual fantasies that are enacted on the internet simply do not stay in cyberspace but find their way into the thoughts and actions of men. These fantasies, that seemingly hurt no one, actually are hurting vulnerable women and promoting an increasingly violent view of sex. Summarising the view of men who purchase sex, Donna M. Hughes stated that “they are seeking sex without relationship responsibilities. They are seeking control and sex in contexts in which they are not required to be polite or nice, and where they can humiliate, degrade, and hurt the woman or child1. Did this selfish, no consequence view start with the first pornographic image they saw? Humans will constantly choose the action that seems to have the least amount of consequences. We choose the meal option at McDonald’s 1 Hughes, Donna M., ‘The Demand for Victims of Sex Trafficking’ Women’s Studies Program University of Rhode Island 2005. 7. 14
  • 15. to avoid the consequence of time spent cooking and shopping. In the same way men choose pornography to avoid the consequences of the work that comes from creating a real relationship. When viewed in this man- ner pornography is just a step in the ladder above prostitution that most men are quickly falling down. As a result we have created a culture in which sex is seen as a transaction and not a relationship. Such a culture contains the perfect environment for sex trafficking to flourish. Internet pornography acts as a major gateway to step into prostitution. In other words, men in the course of using pornography are being trained to engage in prostitution. Pornography has also contributed to the global nature of the sex industry because men can find videos of foreign women with relative ease online. This has led to the increase of men travelling to other nations such as Thailand with the express purpose of engaging in sex tourism. As sex tourism increases, criminal gangs start to traffic women to these hotspots. It is a simple sup- ply and demand equation, as the demand increases the supply increases as well. When there are no longer enough women willing to be bought, the pimps must go to other nations to find a larger supply. This is called sex trafficking. When the supply is human beings we can use another word, slavery. The traffickers or pimps who perform these despicable actions earn a large profit off the sexual abuse of minors and these acts often occur in countries with poor law enforcement. The criminals who create the demand for these heinous crimes are generally men who travel to another country for the express purpose of exploiting minors this has come to be known as sex tourism. In response to this theoretical effect of pornography on the viewer one might argue, against the facts, that his viewing of porn would never lead him to actually buy a prostitute and therefore he is not partici pating in human trafficking. That at the worst, as mentioned earlier, his viewing of porn creates the demand 15
  • 16. 100 80 Pornography Industry 60 Human Trafficking Industry Billion $ 40 Fall of the Berlin Wall 20 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Yugoslavian war 16
  • 17. and sustains the culture that is needed for sex trafficking to exist. But is he actually participating in sex traf- ficking? As mentioned before, to see the relationship between sex trafficking and pornography one needs to look at the statistics of both industries and ask questions. As of 2010 the yearly profit of human trafficking was roughly $32 Billion.2 In 2006 sex trafficking accounted for 79%3 of human trafficking, yet as stated above some say it has grown to roughly 90%. This may seem like a lot yet the pornographic industry had risen far above this amount four years earlier. In 2006 the revenues of the pornography industry reached $97.06 bil- lion. It “has larger revenues than Microsoft, Google, Amazon, eBay, Yahoo, Apple and Netflix combined”4 (see page 16). Without a doubt traffickers partake in their job for a profit, they are businessmen. When one com- pares these two industries where is the greater profit to be made? Obviously the answer is in pornography. Another question that arises when one is debating any business deal is what are the risks involved? Which scenario has more risks, posting an image or a file on a website or having to smuggle an Eastern European girl through at least three nations, evading and bribing customs officials and local police, only to then move the women from brothel to brothel to avoid arrests. Again from a business standpoint pornogra- phy has less risk than sex trafficking. Yet what if a businessman could sell the same product to two different industries? Though sex trafficking and porn may be different industries they are based off the same market, created by a transactional view of sex, allowing the same product to be sold twice. An analogy of this would be if a neighbour offered to pay you $20 to cut his grass and you knew another neighbour, who owned a lawn and gardens website, would pay you about $60 for video footage of you cutting grass. Would you hesitate to set up the camera before you cut the grass? A businessman definitely would not. The sad thing about this analogy is that it is essentially true. Trafficked women are often filmed in the act of prostitution and it is then 2 Polaris Project. ‘Human Trafficking Statistics’, PDF, Polaris project, 2010, 1. 3 UNODC, ‘Global report on Trafficking In Persons’, 2008. 50. 4 Ropelato, Jerry. ‘Internet Pornography Statistics’ <internet-filter-review.toptenreviews.com/internet-pornography-statistics.html> 17
  • 18. uploaded to porn sites (see page 19). Within internet pornography the tag word free is used very loosely. According to a survey performed as part of a project called “Keeper of the United States”,5 117 male respondents between the ages of 15-80 said that they started watching pornography due to advertisements on unrelated websites as well as spam mail. On average these men were 12 years old the first time they viewed pornography. Companies do this because watching pornography at such an early age causes an addiction that lasts for the rest of their lives. Due to pop up ads on the internet containing free images, young people are lured to buy pornography and continue the downward trek searching for more and more explicit material. At one point 74%6 of commercial pornography sites displayed free teaser porn images on websites, or in banner ads enticing viewers to pay for further content. Yet no one ever asks where do these images come from? Economically speaking it is easy to give away stuff for free when you received it for free. Trafficked women are not paid for their work so why would a producer pay a model for images he will have to give away for free? An entrepreneur would carry this thought to its rightful conclusion and state ‘well why would he pay a model for an image he would sell when he could increase his profit by selling an image he attained virtually for free using trafficked women’. It is a short step and in some regions can even make prostitution legal. Many nations in Europe state that prostitution is illegal and of the U.S. all but one state has laws against prostitution. Yet in all of these nations pornography is legal. Does the simple presence of a camera change the act from illegal to legal? It is clearly seen that the pornography industry and sex trafficking industry are not in competition, since they essentially sell the same product and in some cases the same product twice. Yet we allow ourselves to believe the lie that this is not true. Why should we assume that the pornographic film makers are more righteous than the Spa owner who cannot get enough women to give the men what they want? Both are busi- nessmen, and the goal is profit, by any means. Or why should we assume that some of the women stuck in 5 The Defenders USA 6 www.mykidsbrowser.com/internet-pornography-statistics.php 18
  • 19. $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 19
  • 20. brothels have been trafficked yet the women used in live sex shows on the internet have chosen to be there? The answer is simple; we like our dichotomised thinking. It allows us to rationalise what is good and what is evil. Our mind is the judge who never finds himself guilty. Even though the addition of pornography to the trafficker’s dealings is a lucrative business deal, is there any evidence that they have chosen this route? Again the stats of the two economies must be compared and questions must be asked to find this evidence. As seen earlier a main target for traffickers is Eastern Europe, and Hungary is one of the main nations of origin. Also this region is a target for pornographers. The city that produces the most porn, and is known as the pornographic capital of Europe is Budapest, the capital of Hungary. One pornographer was quoted saying “most West European producers of pornography use East European actors wherever possible. “They cost less and do more.”7 Once again the main goal of any business is profit and any goal of an unjust businessman is profit at all cost. Another piece of evidence is to look at our society’s downward progression of pornography. In the 90’s the demand for hard-core porn began to increase significantly more than in previous decades.8 What else began to occur in the 90’s? In 1989 the Berlin wall came down signifying the realisation of many dreams held in Eastern Europe. They could now come to Western Europe and escape poverty. Traffickers immediately began to exploit this dream. Secondly, the almost decade long war in Yugoslavia crippled any legitimate government in the Balkans. Both of these factors of poverty and governmental corruption are the two main ‘push factors’9 that make it easy for traffickers to move women out of these nations. As the opportunity for exploitation increased, organised crime started to expand into this new venture of sex trafficking (see page 19). Suddenly Western Europe’s streets were flooded with sex slaves that men could do with as they pleased. 7 Hughes, Donna M., ‘The Demand for Victims of Sex Trafficking’ 26. 8 Ropelato, Jerry ‘Internet Pornography Statistics’ http://internet-filter-review.toptenreviews.com/internet-pornography-statistics.html 9 Bales, Kevin “Testing a Theory of Modern Slavery” 12. 20
  • 21. Sex lost any boundaries it might have had when prostitutes had chosen to sell themselves. Trafficked victims opened the door for violent sex, as they had no say in the transaction since they were slaves. The treatment they received makes it obvious that they did not choose this life for themselves. Why then would we think that women on the other side of a monitor, in the increasingly violent pornographic scenes, would have chosen this life for themselves as well? What was called hard-core porn in the 90’s is now the common form of porn. It is not a stretch to say that today’s porn industry was birthed in the 90’s right alongside sex trafficking in Europe, coincidence we think not! In summation pornography requires less of our involvement than prostitution; it can be accessed in the security of your own home. Since it is easier we force ourselves to believe that it is less evil, even accept- able. But as shown pornography constitutes the demand for sex trafficking, creating a culture of commercial sex, and it is in fact sex trafficking. When one begins to ask questions, it is obvious to see that there is no logical reason why the trafficked girl from Budapest in the brothel is not the same girl you saw on the internet. 21
  • 22. The First Step to Fight Sex Trafficking It is cool and trendy to fight injustices. There is something heroic about saving the enslaved girl from her captors. This needs to be done, yet not by those who put her up in that tower. The fact is that if you have viewed pornography you have no way of verifying whether the woman you viewed was trafficked or not. Statistically and logically speaking we have proven that she most likely was. The amount of sexual images all over the internet have reached epidemic levels; the vast distribution of adult content is caused by the lack of regulations that prevent any from viewing pornographic images. So how then do you save the girl from the tower? Stop putting her up there in the first place. You may think you’re one simple action of purity cannot make much of a difference in the grand scheme of things. Yet it can, people tend to neglect the fact that his- tory has been shaped by a simple yes to righteousness and a no to immorality. One man said no to revenge, another to white supremacy, others to slavery, and still more to inequality. Apart from seeing that pornography, to an unknown yet definite extent, is sex trafficking what else will keep us from looking at it? If we look at the epidemic of pornography, we can see that the consumption of pornography is a symptom of identity issues. Dr. Patrick Carnes said there are basically four core beliefs why people view pornography1. When they think they are unworthy or simply a bad person. Another belief is that they don’t think anyone would love them as they are. Some also believe that their needs will not be met, if they have to depend upon others. The last factor is that they think sex is the most important need. Those four core beliefs come out of lack of affirmation and love, dysfunctional family, rejection, isolation, sexual or emotional abuse and insecurity 2. Out of that people try to satisfy these lies through masturbation and por- 1 Patrick Carnes. 2001. Out of the shadows: understanding sexual addiction, Hazelden: Center City, Minnesota. p. 167-68 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pornography_ addiction#Causes_of_Pornography_Addiction 2 Sexual Addiction - Relationship Breakdown Life Challenges www.allaboutlifechallenges.org/porn-addiction.htm 22
  • 23. nography. The average age at which a child first sees pornography online is reported to be 113. That shows clearly how young people often have identity problems, they do not really know who they are, and they are struggling with their identity. Pornography does not help because we can gratify our sexual desires at our whim without any challenge to our decision. Because there is no risk of rejection this feeds a false view of our identity and is not accurate to reality. For example, in a marriage the decision to gratify sexual desires will be mutual; it cannot be made by one person. Our identity is based in the image of God in us and we need to pursue His design and not artificial pleasures. When we watch pornography it communicates lies and these lies challenge our true identity. Among other things, this issue harms our identity as men because we learn that we can have every feeling of pleasure without ever working for it and it is no longer attached to our own need for intimacy. We rob ourselves of ever interacting on a deep level with another human being. Pornography creates the illusion that we no longer have to share who we really are with anyone, we already have everything we will ever need. This becomes a place of deep despair and shame though we may not realise it. We just pretend that everything is okay and wonder where our love for life went, or we pretend life was always meant to be lived in cyberspace. Amongst Christian men, the effects are even more desperate. The enemy’s main way of keep- ing us from accomplishing what God has for us is to target our identity. If we have engaged in pornographic activity, this is exactly where the attack will come again and again. It is impossible to “fight the good fight” when we are lacking our identity. No one can accept that God could love someone who has looked at porn that day, nor can we trust that we are capable of finding a true loving relationship because of our guilt. The temptation of Jesus in the wilderness shows something remarkable about our Lord and Saviour. Three temptations came at Jesus and attacked right at the most vulnerable point, His identity. The difference 3 www.onlinemba.com/blog/stats-on-internet-pornography 23
  • 24. in His reaction and ours is how secure He was. He did not compromise for an instant and showed that He had no need to test God about whom He is. During the rest of His life He also showed that He would not compro- mise on this issue, though it was under attack constantly by the Pharisees day after day. The lessons we can learn from our King are many but one of the most foundational is our identity. The symptom of pornography can be solved when we look at who we are in Christ and nothing else. We must rely on the unchanging nature of God’s love for us and His willingness to ensure that we grow in our character to one day be able to enjoy the life He created for us. The more we surrender to Christ the greater we begin to hate this sin and see the true value human life. When we trust that God created all people including ourselves in His own image we begin to glimpse that maybe God created us for more than porn. Maybe He created us to be truly free in real life and not pretend life on our islands of selfishness. The questions raised by this book demand our response. We can no longer force from our conscience the implications of our actions. The very trap we have set has enslaved our own minds and held millions of women around the world captive. It is time that we take action. 24
  • 25. Discussion questions The first step in fighting pornography is bringing it into the light by discussing its affect on you. Below are several discussion questions to help get the conversations going. 1. How would you describe your past or present interaction with pornography? (Addiction, necessity...) 2. What reasons can you think of for why you viewed pornography? What could be the roots of these reasons? 3. After reading this book what new questions should you create when the desire to look at pornography surfaces again? 4. As you deal with this issue what scriptures can strengthen and support you? 5. What are some first action steps you can take today to overcome your difficulty with lust and temptation? 25
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