What is new in CFEngine 3.6
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This talk will introduce new CFEngine 3.6 features, we have these bullet points: User promises TLS protocol Math expressions Dynamic inputs New language functions Tags Data containers File templating Presentation by Kristian Amlie of CFEngine
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What is new in CFEngine 3.6
- 1. What is new in CFEngine 3.6 www.cfengine.com
- 2. What is new • • • • • • • • User promises TLS protocol Math expressions Dynamic inputs New language functions Tags Data containers File templating
- 4. User promises • A new promise type • Manage local users on hosts • Make promises about user characteristics • UID • Group membership • Home directory • Password • Shell • Description
- 5. User promises - Example bundle agent my_bundle { users: “joe” policy => “present”, group_primary => “users”, groups_secondary => { “printers”, “db_users” }, home_dir => “/nfs/home/joe”, home_bundle => setup_home_dir(“joe”); }
- 6. TLS protocol
- 7. TLS protocol • • • • Industry standard security protocol All traffic is fully encrypted Transparent to the user Old protocol • Deprecated, but still supported • Can be turned off after upgrade is complete
- 9. Math expressions • New math evaluation function: eval() • Works on strings • String contains expression to evaluate • Example: eval(“ceil($(sys.cpus) / 4)”) • Previously required shell script
- 10. Math expressions • Accepts common math operators: +, -, *, / • Some less common ones too: ^, **, % • Many common math functions • ceil, floor, log10, log2, log, sqrt, sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, abs, step • Mathematical constants • e, log2e, log10e, ln2, ln10, pi, pi_2, pi_4, 1_pi, 2_pi, 2_srqtpi, sqrt2, sqrt1_2 • SI-units: K, M, G, T, P
- 11. Dynamic inputs
- 12. Dynamic inputs • 3.5: • Input files can only be defined in promises.cf • Inconvenient; all file additions require editing promises.cf • 3.6: • file control bodies can contain input files • Body can be specified once per file • body file control { inputs => “input_file.cf”; }
- 13. Dynamic inputs - Example • promises.cf body common control { inputs => { “input_file.cf” }; } • input_file.cf body file control { inputs => { “nested_input_file.cf” }; }
- 15. New language functions • findfiles(glob1, glob2, ...) • Returns a list of files that match glob pattern • makerule(target, sources) • Determines whether target needs to be rebuilt from sources • Inspired by the Unix make program • packagesmatching(...) • Returns list of installed packages • List can be filtered by name, version and architecture
- 16. New language functions • canonifyuniquely(test) • Convert a string into a legal class name • Unlike canonify, name is guaranteed to be unique. • Useful when making class names from a list of files • bundlesmatching(regex, tag1, ...) • Returns bundles matching criteria • Result can be used in a methods promise • Very powerful together with findfiles
- 17. bundlesequence - Example • bundle common global { vars: “policies” slist => findfiles (“/var/cfengine/inputs/*.cf”); “bundles” slist => bundlesmatching (“.*”, “production”); } body common control { inputs => { @(global.policies) }; bundlesequence => { @(global.bundles) }; }
- 18. New language functions • Plenty of others • data_readstringarray • readjson • data_readstringarrayidx • storejson • datastate • string_downcase • datatype • string_head • getclassmetatags • string_length • getvariablemetatags • string_reverse • max • string_tail • mean • string_upcase • mergedata • variablesmatching • min • variance • parsejson
- 19. Tags
- 20. Tags • Labels that you can attach to bundles and promises • Certain functions can filter based on tags • bundlesmatching • classesmatching • variablesmatching
- 21. Tags - Example • bundle agent my_bundle { meta: ### Bundle tags “tags” => { “experimental” }; vars: ### Variable tags “db_server” string => “106.54.21.90”, meta => { “mysql”, “trusted” }; classes: ### Class tags “experimental” expression => “any”, meta => { “tier_spec” }; }
- 22. Data containers
- 23. Data containers • Structured containers (JSON) • “container” data => parsejson('[ { “user”: “joe”, “groups”: “users” }, { “user”: “jack”, “groups”: “admins” }, ]'); • reports: “$(container[1][user])”; • --> R: jack
- 24. Data containers • Can read JSON files • readjson(filename, maxbytes) • Or fields from a text file • data_readstringarray (filename, comment, split, maxentries, maxbytes) • data_readstringarrayidx (filename, comment, split, maxentries, maxbytes) • Convert back to JSON • storejson(data_container)
- 25. Data containers - Example • records.txt: • joe,/nfs/home/joe,Joe Smith jack,/home/jack,Jack Jensen • Resulting JSON after data_readstringarrayidx • [ [ “joe”, “/nfs/home/joe”, “Joe Smith” ], [ “jack”, “/home/jack”, “Jack Jensen” ] ]
- 26. Data containers - Example • records.txt: • joe,/nfs/home/joe,Joe Smith jack,/home/jack,Jack Jensen • policy.cf: • vars: “users” data => data_readstringarrayidx (“records.txt”, “”, “,”, 10, 4000); “index” slist => getindices(“users”); users: “$(users[$(index)][0])” home_dir => “$(users[$(index)][1])”, description => “$(users[$(index)][2])”, policy => “present”;
- 27. File templating
- 28. File templating • New templating engine: Mustache • Based on the Mustache templating language • http://mustache.github.io/
- 29. File templating - Example • promises.cf: • files: "/etc/motd" edit_line => motd_edit, edit_defaults => empty; } bundle edit_line motd_edit { insert_lines: “Welcome to this CFEngine managed machine.”; “This machine pulls policy from $(sys.policy_hub).”; } • Result: • Welcome to this CFEngine managed machine. This machine pulls policy from 10.80.80.1.
- 30. File templating - Example • promises.cf: • files: "/etc/motd" edit_template => "template.mustache", template_method => "mustache"; • template.mustache: • Welcome to this CFEngine managed machine. This machine pulls policy from {{vars.sys.policy_hub}}. • Result: • Welcome to this CFEngine managed machine. This machine pulls policy from 10.80.80.1.
- 31. Miscellaneous • cf-serverd allows distinct key/IP/hostname access controls • New “shortcut” constraint in server policy allows non-absolute paths in copy_from promises • New log format • Many new built-in variables: • sys.uptime, sys.masterdir, this.promiser_ppid, ... • LMDB replaces Tokyo Cabinet as database backend • Calls to execresult and returnszero are now cached instead of executing repeatedly
- 33. Questions? • • • • • • • • User promises TLS protocol Math expressions Dynamic inputs New language functions Tags Data containers File templating www.cfengine.com