Teneja Group report highlighting the need for performance management solutions that guarantee service assurance and delivery in the data center. This report illustrates that while virtualization has brought many benefits and changed the nature of how we host applications; it has also brought to light "a critical gap for IO and storage." The report stresses the need for increased visibility into the physical infrastructure and how Virtual Instruments can assure the success of virtualizing mission critical applications.

1.
TECHNOLOGY
BRIEF
CLOSING
THE
VIRTUAL
IO
MANAGEMENT
GAP
Assuring
Service
Throughout
the
Data
Center
with
Infrastructure
Performance
Management
AUGUST
2012
There
is
a
significant
and
potentially
costly
management
gap
in
virtualized
server
environments
that
rely
solely
on
hypervisor-­‐centric
solutions.
As
organizations
virtualize
more
of
their
mission-­‐critical
applications,
they
are
discovering
that
the
virtual
versions
of
these
apps
continue
to
depend
on
the
rock-­‐solid
storage
availability
and
top-­‐notch
IO
performance
they
had
when
physically
hosted.
Assuring
great
service
to
virtualized
clients
still
requires
deep
performance
management
capabilities
along
the
whole
IO
infrastructure
path
down
to
and
including
shared
storage
resources.
Cohesive
hypervisor
management
solutions
like
VMware’s
vCenter
Operations
Management
Suite
provide
a
significant
advantage
to
virtual
administration
by
centralizing
and
simplifying
many
traditionally
disparate
management
tasks.
However,
there
is
a
significant
management
blind
spot
in
the
view
of
end-­‐to-­‐end
IO
infrastructure
when
looking
at
it
from
the
native
virtual
server
perspective.
Enterprises
relying
more
and
more
on
virtualized
IT
delivery
need
to
address
this
natural
management
gap
with
Infrastructure
Performance
Management
(IPM).
A
lack
of
robust
IPM
will
degrade
or
even
prevent
the
deployment
of
critical
applications
into
a
virtual
environment
–
at
best
losing
out
on
the
benefits
of
virtualization
and
the
opportunities
for
cloud,
at
worst
causing
severe
degradation
and
service
outages
for
all
applications
sharing
the
same
virtual
infrastructure
pools.
In
this
paper
we
review
the
virtual
performance
management
landscape
and
the
management
strengths
of
the
most
well-­‐known
hypervisor
management
solution
–
VMware’s
vCenter
Operations
Suite
-­‐
to
understand
why
both
the
market
perception
and
resulting
admin
reliance
on
it
is
so
high.
We
look
at
how
that
reliance
overlooks
a
critical
gap
for
IO
and
storage,
and
what
the
implications
of
that
blind
spot
are
for
ensuring
total
performance.
Finally,
we
examine
how
the
unique
IO-­‐centric
capabilities
of
Virtual
Instruments’
VirtualWisdom
close
that
gap
by
correlating
complete
IO
path
monitoring
with
both
physical
and
virtual
infrastructure,
and
how
by
using
VirtualWisdom
with
vCenter
Ops
one
can
achieve
a
complete
end-­‐to-­‐end
picture
that
enables
mission-­‐critical
applications
to
be
successfully
virtualized.
VIRTUALIZED
INFRASTRUCTURE
MANAGEMENT
VMware
management
at
the
enterprise
level
today
centers
around
VMware’s
own
vCenter
suite
of
solutions.
VMware
vCenter
provides
a
myriad
of
advanced
management
functionality
all
within
its
much-­‐desired
“single
pane
of
glass”
for
the
virtual
administrator.
While
vCenter
does
not
preclude
the
use
of
other
traditional
system
management
solutions,
and
in
fact
provides
API’s
to
enable
key
hypervisor
statistics
used
by
almost
every
third
party
solution
today,
the
trend
for
virtual
administrators
is
to
rely
more
and
more
on
directly
integrated
vCenter
facilities.
VMware
vCenter
is
built
into
and
integrates
intimately
with
the
vSphere
platform,
the
hypervisor
that
virtualizes
server,
network,
and
storage
resources
in
order
to
host
“virtual
machines”.
This
not
only
gives
VMware
a
huge
advantage
in
creating
virtualization
management
solutions,
but
also
enables
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2.
Technology
Brief
them
to
provide
significant
customer
value
for
the
virtual
admin
in
the
form
of
a
simplified,
centralized,
and
“homogenized”
management
experience.
Traditionally
a
large
enterprise
would
be
staffed
with
system
management
experts
in
many
domains.
Each
set
of
experts
could
be
found
working
in
isolated
silos
of
management
technology
with
unique
IT
processes.
In
deploying
virtualization
an
organization
is
hoping
to
deliver
better
service
at
lower
cost.
This
usually
means
that
they
hope
to
run
the
virtualized
environment
on
the
leaner
side
of
the
budget,
leveraging
optimally
minimized
infrastructure
and
staffing.
With
this
approach,
the
virtual
admin
comes
naturally
to
own
a
wider
swath
of
system
management
responsibilities,
and
the
most
effective
accomplishment
of
that
is
through
the
convergence
and
automation
of
formerly
siloed
tasks.
Virtualization
adoption
and
the
intelligent
management
of
virtualized
infrastructure
therefore
break
down
the
silo
walls
of
old
school
IT
management.
VMware
provides
IT
management
solutions
across
broad
categories
it
defines
as
Infrastructure
and
Operations
Management,
IT
Business
Management,
End
User
Computing,
and
Application
Management.
This
aggressively
wide
swath
of
IT
management
is
all
brought
within
the
reach
of
the
virtual
administrator
“generalist,”
and
naturally
these
solutions
are
focused
on
centralizing
management
and
operations
at
the
hypervisor
or
“server-­‐centric”
level.
For
example,
within
Infrastructure
and
Operations
Management
the
vCenter
Operations
suite
brings
together
the
performance,
capacity,
and
configuration
management
of
virtual
server
hosts
and
guest
machines
into
a
single
management
solution.
Virtual
Performance
Management
with
vCenter
Operations
VMware
vCenter
Operations
Management
provides
advanced
features
and
capabilities
for
virtual
infrastructure
performance,
configuration
and
capacity
management,
with
tight
integrations
available
for
supporting
activities
like
application
dependency
mapping,
configuration
change
correlation
and
cost-­‐based
optimization.
The
main
design
of
vCenter
Operations
supports
two
core
management
processes:
1. Ensuring
and
restoring
service
levels
by
monitoring,
identifying
and
remediating
performance
problems
2. Optimizing
for
efficiency
(capacity/cost)
by
planning
and
orchestrating
improvements
in
allocations
or
constraints
The
primary
source
of
data
for
vCenter
comes
from
VMware’s
hypervisor
vSphere.
This
server
virtualization
layer
produces
key
metrics
about
“actual”
guest
utilizations
and
real
server
resource
consumption.
At
the
same
time,
virtualization
by
its
very
nature
creates
abstraction
that
introduces
cross-­‐domain
management
challenges.
A
virtual
server-­‐centric
perspective
by
definition
does
not
provide
a
complete
end-­‐to-­‐end
picture
across
the
entire
IT
infrastructure
of
the
factors
that
contribute
to
an
application’s
total
availability
and
performance.
For
example,
vCenter
Ops
by
itself
can’t
see
into
or
manage
IO
down
its
complete
path
through
the
SAN
fabric
and
into
and
out
of
an
external
storage
array.
vCenter
Operations
Across
IT
Domains
When
virtual
machines
need
to
interact
with
high-­‐performance
network
and
storage
resources
that
aren’t
directly
converged
into
the
virtual
server,
inevitably
cross-­‐domain
management
becomes
a
challenge
–
especially
when
trying
to
solve
insidious
performance
degradation.
Solving
cross-­‐domain
performance
challenges
requires
monitoring
and
correlating
information
across
virtual
server
clients,
hosts
and
the
specific
external
resources
involved.
To
address
this,
vCenter
provides
two
main
approaches.
First,
vCenter
functions
as
an
expandable
platform.
There
is
an
active
ecosystem
of
third
party
system
management
solutions
that
can
plug
in.
The
vast
majority
of
vCenter
Operations
plug-­‐ins
provide
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3.
Technology
Brief
vendor-­‐specific
hardware
management
information
that
enables
high-­‐level
remote
operations
by
the
generalist
virtual
admin.
However,
these
operational
plug-­‐ins
are
not
usually
provided
with
deep-­‐
dive
expert
capabilities
to
optimize
external
high-­‐performance
infrastructure,
nor
with
more
general
“system-­‐spanning”
capabilities
to
correlate
all
the
information
needed
to
diagnose
cross-­‐domain
issues
or
optimize
across
heterogeneous
infrastructure
pools.
For
example,
a
storage
vendor’s
array
management
plug-­‐in
for
vCenter
Ops
might
provide
health
statistics
by
array
object
and
offer
vendor-­‐specific
array
operational
management
(e.g.
volume
creation,
power-­‐on/off).
For
each
type
of
storage
there
will
be
a
different
plug-­‐in
creating
a
type
of
tool
sprawl
for
the
admin
regardless
of
the
“single
pane
of
glass”
platform.
While
the
best
of
these
tools
might
attempt
to
connect
all
the
IO
dots,
so
to
speak,
the
necessarily
incomplete
and
vendor-­‐
specific
perspectives
can
actually
hide
deep
IO
path
problems
that
stem
from
both
contention
(demand-­‐side)
and
degradation
(supply-­‐side).
Worse,
the
information
from
each
plug-­‐in
is
likely
vendor-­‐specific
in
both
form
and
function,
and
uncorrelatable
with
each
other
(e.g.
how
IOP
latency
is
defined
or
measured).
Second,
VMware’s
VASA
API
is
an
attempt
to
capture
and
incorporate
arbitrary
storage
array
data
directly
by
encouraging
third
party
storage
vendors
to
publish
“up”
into
this
API.
But
the
implicit
mandate
that
other
domains
push
all
relevant
management
data
up
into
the
hypervisor,
while
certainly
aligned
with
the
ultimate
efficiency
goals
of
server
virtualization
efforts,
is
an
uphill
and
inevitably
incomplete
strategy.
And
even
if
accomplished,
the
necessary
abstraction
and
domain
simplification
at
the
hypervisor
level
may
actually
make
it
harder
to
figure
out
what
is
actually
happening
in
the
supporting
infrastructure.
THE
PERILOUS
IO
MANAGEMENT
GAP
Today
there
is
extreme
pressure
on
many
IT
shops
to
continue
virtualizing
deeper
into
their
application
portfolios
in
order
to
continue
reaping
cost
reduction,
efficiency,
and
improved
service
delivery
benefits.
However,
there
is
a
difficult
“line
in
the
sand”
to
cross
when
the
time
comes
to
virtualize
storage-­‐intensive
mission
critical
applications.
Corporate
email,
core
business
databases,
and
operational
data
analysis
(BI
and/or
new
Big
Data
based)
all
require
intensive
IO
service
regardless
of
whether
they
are
hosted
on
physical
or
virtual
servers.
IT
has
to
commit
to
managing
availability
and
performance
as
tightly
as
if
those
apps
were
still
physically
hosted
directly
on
dedicated
hardware,
including
high-­‐performance
enterprise
storage.
But
unlike
in
a
dedicated
infrastructure
where
troubleshooting
or
optimization
can
be
conducted
by
serially
analyzing
directly
connected
resources,
the
very
nature
of
virtualization
implies
that
its
supporting
infrastructure
is
shared
indirectly
and
dynamically.
This
increased
management
complexity
becomes
more
difficult
when
the
shared
infrastructure
is
not
directly
controlled
by
the
virtualization
hypervisor,
as
is
the
case
with
external
storage
array
networks
(as
opposed
to
CPU
and
memory
resources).
From
the
server
perspective,
IO
is
abstractly
handed
off
to
external
“storage”
at
the
network
adapter
(e.g.
a
hardware
bus
Figure
1.
IO
Path
Visibility
from
the
Hypervisor
Perspective
adapter
or
HBA).
Because
of
that
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4.
Technology
Brief
storage
service
abstraction
layer,
the
native
server
viewpoint
is
effectively
storage
blind
and
can’t
provide
insight
into
problems
with
IO
path
contention,
fabric
and
array
misconfiguration,
or
networking
and
physical
cabling
issues.
Managing
virtual
infrastructure
performance
becomes
even
more
challenging
when
storage
is
shared
outside
of
a
single
virtualization
“domain”
–
perhaps
with
other
virtualization
clusters
or
physical
servers
that
can
contend
for
bandwidth
and
IOPS.
Organizations
tend
to
make
optimal
use
of
expensive
SAN
investments
by
leveraging
them
widely,
introducing
contending
IO
traffic
outside
the
purview
of
hypervisor-­‐centric
management.
Today,
high-­‐performance
IO
in
organizations
that
have
(or
had!)
IT
storage
specialists
is
commonly
delivered
through
Fibre
Channel
attached
storage
arrays.
For
mission-­‐critical
applications,
the
lack
of
vm-­‐to-­‐array
IO
awareness
and
visibility
in
virtual
infrastructures
running
over
Fibre
Channel
can
be
risky,
especially
if
the
virtual
admin
has
taken
on
responsibility
for
both
servers
and
storage.
With
only
hypervisor-­‐centric
views,
admins
can’t
spot
or
diagnose
IO
problems
until
after
it
is
too
late
–
when
service
levels
have
already
degraded
and
impacted
business
performance.
Bridging
the
IO
Management
Gap
Whoever
is
responsible
for
storage
needs
the
proper
tools
and
information
to
optimize
capacity
and
performance,
implement
data
protection,
and
leverage
other
advanced
storage
capabilities.
In
particular,
storage-­‐related
IPM
tasks
including
the
following
need
to
be
supported:
• Manage
storage
tiering
to
balance
capacity
usage
with
performance
(e.g.
optimize
investment)
• Analyze
and
optimize
performance
under
changes
(e.g.
assure
service
levels)
• Validate
and
tune
data
protection
and
DR
capabilities
like
remote
replication
• Set
and
tune
storage
network
parameters
(e.g.
HBA
queue
depths)
• Alert
and
remediate
faults,
misconfigurations,
and
contention/degradation
While
IO
path
blindness
in
virtual
server
environments
makes
it
difficult
if
not
impossible
to
conduct
satisfactory
storage
performance
management,
as
discussed
earlier
there
are
efforts
to
fill
in
some
of
the
storage
picture
at
the
hypervisor
level
(e.g.
like
VMware’s
VASA).
This
high
level
information
may
help
sort
out
the
finger
pointing
where
performance
issues
are
occurring,
but
if
the
issues
are
in
storage,
it
is
unlikely
to
help
solve
them.
As
virtual
environments
grow
and
the
number
of
vm’s
sharing
a
storage
resource
climbs,
aggregate
storage
metrics
at
the
hypervisor
become
increasingly
less
useful.
Aggregate
IO
statistics
across
a
growing
cluster
of
vm’s
looks
increasingly
random,
obliterating
attempts
to
simply
identify
much
less
de-­‐conflict
or
optimize
storage
to
align
with
actual
vm
IO
patterns.
At
the
same
time,
isolating
IO
path
issues
becomes
harder
as
there
are
fewer
obvious
high-­‐level
clues
as
to
which
vm
is
really
doing
what
in
the
storage
infrastructure.
Effective
storage
performance
management
in
virtualized
server
environments
requires
highly
granular
IO
data,
drillable
down
to
tracking
each
IO
operation
across
the
SAN.
The
most
timely
and
ultimately
successful
troubleshooting
relies
on
directly
analyzing
actual
IO
“conversations”
between
a
particular
vm
and
the
storage
array.
And
optimization
tasks
can
require
capturing
and
analyzing
a
significant
amount
of
historical
conversation
data.
This
kind
of
IO
detail
and
history
is
simply
not
available
in
native
hypervisor
management
solutions.
To
really
understand
what
the
default
hypervisor
management
is
missing
in
the
storage
IPM
gap,
we’ll
look
next
at
one
of
the
most
unique
IO-­‐centric
management
solutions
for
virtualization
and
examine
what
it
does
differently.
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5.
Technology
Brief
INSIDER
INTELLIGENCE
WITH
VIRTUALWISDOM
Virtual
Instruments
produces
a
unique,
complete
IO
path
performance
management
solution
for
high-­‐
performance
Fibre
Channel
storage.
The
VirtualWisdom
platform
covers
the
whole
IO
path
by
collecting
data
from
SAN
switches
and
vSphere
API’s
and
then
combining
it
with
detailed
low-­‐level
IO
transaction
data
captured
with
its
physical
SAN
performance
probe.
By
correlating
every
SCSI
IO
transaction
with
virtual
hypervisor
stats,
VirtualWisdom
produces
“insider”
infrastructure
intelligence
that
enables
effective
storage
IPM.
VirtualWisdom
captures
all
SCSI
SAN
traffic
by
leveraging
the
Virtual
Instruments
optical
TAP
patch
panel,
which
passively
produces
a
copy
of
all
Fibre
Channel
frame
headers.
This
complete
capture
enables
detailed
real-­‐time
monitoring
and
full
forensic
analysis
without
relying
on
averages,
sampling,
approximate
models,
or
“imputed”
views.
By
capturing
traffic
at
the
frame
level,
all
transmission
errors
and
any
performance
degradation
can
be
found
in
real-­‐time
–
and
directly
identified
to
specific
server-­‐to-­‐volume
IO
conversations.
Many
performance
management
solutions
work
with
averages
over
polling
intervals
(e.g.
vCenter
Ops),
but
the
benefits
of
performance
management
improve
drastically
when
outliers
can
be
identified
for
remediation
and
specific
IO
conversations
isolated
for
analysis.
VirtualWisdom’s
complete,
continuous
real-­‐time
monitoring
of
storage
is
independent
of
vendor
hardware,
software,
or
API
versions.
Because
it’s
passively
collected
from
an
optical
tap,
it’s
non-­‐
disruptive
to
the
IO
itself
and
can’t
impact
or
degrade
performance
(un-­‐ Application
versus
Infrastructure
Performance
like
agent-­‐based
performance
man-­‐ Management
in
a
Virtualized
Environment
agement
solutions).
Infrastructure
Performance
Management
(IPM)
assures
In
addition
to
the
expected
volume
service
across
all
the
physical
resource
pools
and
the
throughput
and
bandwidth
virtualization
management
that
dynamically
shares
them
measures,
VirtualWisdom
supports
out
to
client
users
and
applications.
Application
expert
performance
analysis
by
Performance
Management
(APM)
focuses
on
how
well
producing
the
most
relevant
applications
are
architected,
coded,
deployed
and
delivered.
performance
metric
–
response
Note
how
the
server
virtualization
layer
nicely
separates
time,
which
is
a
measure
of
latency
client
applications
from
the
infrastructure.
Accordingly,
it’s
(both
time
to
first
data
and
total
natural
for
the
virtual
admin
to
become
responsible
for
IPM
IOP).
Performance
“proxies”
like
-­‐
managing
the
performance
of
all
the
infrastructure
that
capacity,
utilization,
throughput,
or
sums
up
to
the
service
delivered
to
virtual
infrastructure
bandwidth
metrics
such
as
IOPS
and
clients.
MB/s
do
not
directly
measure
IO
latency
and
are
difficult
to
use
in
identifying
performance
problems
or
optimizing
parameters
(although
many
purported
performance
management
solutions
rely
on
them
as
such).
VirtualWisdom
enables
focusing
on
actual
performance
problems
and
optimizing
explicit
IO
performance
by
leveraging
its
response
time
metric
for
the
storage
infrastructure
(referred
to
as
infrastructure
response
time).
Overall,
these
capabilities
provide
the
virtual
admin
with
the
most
im-­‐ Figure
2.
Performance
Management
In
a
Virtualized
Environment
portant
infrastructure
performance
Copyright
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TANEJA
Group,
Inc.
2012.
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Rights
Reserved.
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6.
Technology
Brief
insight
–
correlating
what
is
happening
in
storage
with
what’s
going
on
in
the
virtual
server.
The
vir-­‐
tual
admin
no
longer
has
an
IO
path
blind
spot
as
storage
performance
is
directly
correlated
end-­‐to-­‐
end
from
vm
to
LUN.
Storage
IPM
is
fully
supported
with
accurate
and
relevant
performance
metrics,
enabling
fast
root
cause
analysis
for
any
errors
or
degradation
in
the
IO
path
downstream
from
any
vm.
Complete
Virtualization
Performance
Management
To
avoid
the
perilous
IO
management
gap,
effective
infrastructure
performance
management
requires
full
cross-­‐domain
coverage
over
both
servers
and
storage.
An
ideal
solution
for
virtual
admins
looking
to
deploy
IO-­‐sensitive
mission-­‐critical
applications
would
be
to
combine
vCenter
Ops
with
VirtualWisdom.
VirtualWisdom
can
augment
the
server-­‐centric
view
and
day-­‐to-­‐day
operations
of
vCenter
with
complete
IO
path
visibility
to
enable
the
full
spectrum
of
management
required
to
deliver
consistent,
world-­‐class
performance.
In
addition
to
the
more
tactical
IPM
activities
previously
discussed,
a
combined
solution
supports
driving
valuable
system
level
optimizations.
Performance
assuring
architectural
evolution
and
purchasing
trade-­‐off
decisions
can
be
intelligently
planned
while
vm
densities
and
resource
utilizations
can
be
driven
higher.
Optimal
storage
tiering
decisions
can
be
made
at
the
vm,
server,
and
storage
levels
to
balance
growing
storage
demands
with
performance
requirements.
And
insidious
performance
contention
resulting
from
the
enterprise
sharing
of
resources
across
physical
and
virtual
machines
can
be
identified
or
avoided
altogether.
With
the
right
performance
management
solution
in
place
that
supports
both
virtualized
server
and
SAN,
organizations
can
safely
virtualize
their
mission-­‐critical
applications
and
increase
their
effective
overall
infrastructure
utilization.
Virtual
Instruments
VirtualWisdom
in
conjunction
with
VMware
vCenter
presents
a
solution
that
spans
servers
and
Fibre
Channel
attached
storage,
providing
an
unrivaled
level
of
robust
and
detailed
analysis
of
the
complete
infrastructure,
helping
the
virtual
admin
guarantee
superior
service
levels.
TANEJA
GROUP
OPINION
Expert
performance
management
is
key
to
successfully
hosting
mission-­‐critical
applications
in
any
environment,
but
the
challenges
multiply
under
virtualization.
Virtualization
provides
beneficial
logical
separation
between
layers
of
infrastructure,
but
those
same
abstractions
make
it
difficult
to
manage
system
performance.
While
application
performance
solutions
need
only
examine
the
delivered
experience
from
the
user
or
app
perspective,
effective
infrastructure
performance
management
solutions
must
span
multiple
layers
of
virtualization
to
map
performance
dependencies.
In
order
to
guarantee
performance
and
availability
service
levels
to
clients,
the
virtual
admin
must
obtain
visibility
down
the
IO
paths
as
used
by
each
virtual
machine.
Having
to
implement
infrastructure
performance
management
should
not
be
seen
as
a
burden.
High-­‐
performance
storage
resources
are
relatively
expensive
investments,
especially
at
scale.
Performance
management
can
provide
a
large
ROI
derived
not
just
from
avoiding
downtime
or
assuring
service
levels,
but
from
cost-­‐saving
resource
optimization
activities.
Best
practice
performance
management
has
proven
to
significantly
lower
the
TCO
of
deployed
storage
by
driving
out
misuse,
misalignment,
and
misconfiguration.
These
expected
TCO
savings
should
make
it
easy
to
cost-­‐justify
putting
all
top-­‐
tier
storage
behind
VirtualWisdom
TAPS
from
day
1.
Regardless
of
expected
ROI,
smart
CIO’s
should
take
a
proactive
approach
rather
than
waiting
for
motivation
from
a
service-­‐killing
performance
issue
or
outage.
Many
enterprises
are
now
building
private
cloud
tiers
of
service
for
mission-­‐critical
apps
that
come
with
strict
availability
and
performance
SLAs.
These
tiers
are
deliberately
architected
for
performance
management
with
thoroughly
instrumented
infrastructure
designed
to
guarantee
world-­‐class
service.
Copyright
The
TANEJA
Group,
Inc.
2012.
All
Rights
Reserved.
6
of
7
87
Elm
Street,
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Hopkinton,
MA
01748
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508.435.2556

F:
508.435.2557
www.tanejagroup.com

7.
Technology
Brief
Bottom-­‐line,
virtual
admins
need
to
augment
their
hypervisor
management
solutions
to
achieve
complete,
cross-­‐domain
infrastructure
performance
coverage.
While
this
is
especially
true
to
support
mission-­‐critical
applications
that
require
high
IO
service
levels,
it’s
also
increasingly
true
for
growing
VDI
deployments
and
the
increasing
vm
densities
found
in
more
cloud-­‐like
delivery
models.
.NOTICE:
The
information
and
product
recommendations
made
by
the
TANEJA
GROUP
are
based
upon
public
infor-­‐
mation
and
sources
and
may
also
include
personal
opinions
both
of
the
TANEJA
GROUP
and
others,
all
of
which
we
believe
to
be
accurate
and
reliable.
However,
as
market
conditions
change
and
not
within
our
control,
the
infor-­‐
mation
and
recommendations
are
made
without
warranty
of
any
kind.
All
product
names
used
and
mentioned
here-­‐
in
are
the
trademarks
of
their
respective
owners.
The
TANEJA
GROUP,
Inc.
assumes
no
responsibility
or
liability
for
any
damages
whatsoever
(including
incidental,
consequential
or
otherwise),
caused
by
your
use
of,
or
reliance
upon,
the
information
and
recommendations
presented
herein,
nor
for
any
inadvertent
errors
that
may
appear
in
this
doc-­‐
ument.
Copyright
The
TANEJA
Group,
Inc.
2012.
All
Rights
Reserved.
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of
7
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Elm
Street,
Suite
900

Hopkinton,
MA
01748

T:
508.435.2556

F:
508.435.2557
www.tanejagroup.com