A presentation from the WCCA 2011 event held in Brisbane, Australia.

1. Making Conservation Agriculture
Ever Green
Dennis Garrity
Director General
World Agroforestry Centre
Nairobi, Kenya

2. Wangari Maathai
Conservation Heroine

3. 5000
4500
Cereal Yields by Region
4000
East Asia
3500
3000 Latin America
Kg per Hectare
2500
2000
South Asia
1500
1000
Sub-Saharan Africa
500
0
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
World Bank World Development Indicators

4. 2500
Fertilizer Use by Region East
Asia
2000
100 grams per Hectare
1500
South Asia
1000
Latin America
500
Sub-Saharan Africa
0
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
World Bank World Development Indicators

5. Hoe Minimum-Tillage with Planting Basins, Zambia

6. Minimum Tillage with Ox-drawn Ripper
Cost 40% of ploughing
Improved Magoye Ripper
1ha 4 hrs. Ploughing 14
hrs

7. Conservation Farming with Faidherbia
Trees in Zambia

8. Typical on farm nursery of 125 air-pruned seedlings

9. National recommendations for maize in Zambia & Malawi:
Faidherbia Fertilizer Trees at 100 trees per ha

10. Faidherbia Trial Results in Zambia
Maize yield – CA with zero fertilizer
2008 2009 2010
----- Tons/ha -------
With Faidherbia 4.1 5.1 5.6
Without Faidherbia 1.3 2.6 2.6
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Number of trials 15 40 40

12. Long-term maize yield without fertilizer
in a Gliricidia system, Malawi
P addition
resumed
Flood Drought Drought
P stopped

14. Effect of Faidherbia with CA on Maize Yields
(All treatments had 90 kg N, 26 kg P, 5 kg S)
8000 Improved yields with Faidherbia due to
7,215 improved soil fertility, capture of rainfall
7000 and the better micro-environment
6000 5718 Source: T Bunderson Total Land Care
5000 4585
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
Control CA Maize CA Mz +
Mz Faidherbia

15. Soil nutrient status improves under Faidherbia
Soil C, OM and K are much higher % Soil N is almost double with
with Faidherbia Faidherbia
0.06
Control Maize CA Maize
0.057
CA Maize-Faidherbia 0.05
1.2
0.04
1
0.8 0.03
0.029 0.03
0.6 0.02
0.4
0.01
0.2
0
0 Control Maize CA Maize CA Maize-
C (%) OM (%) K (Cmol/Kg) Faidherbia

16. Biomass Litter and Nutrient Contributions
from Mature Trees are enormous (kg)
Per Ha at 20
• Biomass components Per Tree
trees/ha
Leaves: 221 4420
Pods: 78 1560
Wood (twigs/branches): 59 1180
• Nutrients contributed
N 6.5 130
P 0.6 12
K 9.3 186
Ca 5.4 108
Mg 0.6 12

17. Malawi National Agroforestry Food Security
Programme

18. Impact of fertilizer trees on maize yield
_______________________________________
Plot management Yield (t/ha)
Maize only 1.30
Maize+ chemical fertilizer 1.70
Maize + fertilizer trees 3.05
Maize + fertilizer trees +
chemical fertilizer 3.07
____________________________________________________________
Survey of farms in six districts (Mzimba, Lilongwe, Mulanje, Salima, Thyolo
and Machinga)

20. Kenyan Farmlands: Bold policy to achieve
>10% tree cover on farms through a
National Evergreen Agriculture Programme

21. Rwanda - a nation of small-scale farmers
Landscape restoration for them is really
Farmscape Restoration.
Increasing tree cover on farms: sustaining soil
health, conserving soils, enhancing fodder
production, increasing fuelwood supplies.

22. Faidherbia albida is commonly found in cereal crop
systems in Ethiopia

23. Restored farmland covered by an emerging forest of
Faidherbia. Tigray, Ethiopia.

24. Southern Niger in the 1980s

25. Assisted Natural Regeneration of Indigenous
Trees in the arid lands of the Sahel

26. The albida halo
effect

27. Impact of a single F. albida tree on crop growth
(radius of high productivity: 5 m around a small tree)

28. High-density Faidherbia millet systems in southern
Zinder, Niger, 2006.

29. Five million hectares of millet production in Faidherbia
parklands in Niger: A transformed agricultural landscape

32. he trees provide fodder to livestock – pods and leaves

33. oung regenerating agroforests, Seno Plains, Mali

34. New agroforests on the Seno Plains of Mali
450,000 ha

35. Mature Agroforests in Senegal

36. Major agroforestry regions in West Africa and
directions of expansion

38. The Next Phase
Accelerate the ongoing national scaling-
up programmes in
Malawi, Zambia, Burkina Faso and Niger
National Agroforestry Food Security
Programmes being developed for
Senegal, Ethiopia, Rwanda, and Kenya
Preparatory work for new programmes
under way in Tanzania, Mali, and 12
other countries

39. Landcare
An institutional innovation that provides
a platform for accelerating farmer
participation in evolving conservation
agriculture with trees…