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Chapter 9
Lifespan Development
Sex and Biology
Female Reproductive Organs
Fertilization
Fertilization = sperm + ovum
(the gametes) form a single
new cell, a zygote.
The closer the genetic link between two individuals,
        the more similar their IQ scores are.


                  Nature or nurture?
Prenatal Testing

Ultrasound Sonography
The Start of Life
                            The Onset of Development




 Germinal Stage
     (first 2 weeks)


Embryonic Stage
  (two to eight weeks)



    Fetal Stage
(eight weeks until birth)
The Competent Newborn

                                      Reflexes




http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/shared_hss_assets/psychology/dev_vid/video_pop-ups/feldman_vi
The Competent Newborn: Milestones


•Head up                     • One word
•Rolling over                • Sentences
•Standing alone
•Crawling
•Cruising
•Walking
Psychosocial Development
                       In Childhood

• Harlows: Attachment
  determined by contact
  comfort, rather than food.
• (Attachment to an
  inanimate object is not
  sufficient for normal social
  development.)

• [next]
Cognitive Development
                     In Childhood

• Jean Piaget proposed that cognitive development progresses
  through a series of qualitative stages [next]
Cognitive Development
                    In Childhood

• Sensorimotor
• Preoperational (near end of second year – ~7): Operation
  = mental action
   – Symbolic functioning
   – Centration; egocentrism [next]
• Concrete Operations
• Formal Operations
   – Love, shades of gray, values
Adolescence

• Puberty
     – Development of primary and secondary sex characteristics.
     – “The adolescent growth spurt”
     – Girls begin their growth spurts earlier (approx. 2 years) and complete them
        earlier.
     – By age 13, boys are taller on average.
•   Androgens
•   Estrogens
•   Menarche
•   Cultural trends
•   Secular trends shows earlier maturation (next slide)
Young Adulthood


• Parenting
  –   Authoritarian
  –   Authoritative
  –   Permissive
  –   Negligent
  –   Democratic
Middle Adulthood


• Physical changes > characterized by a gradual decline.
• Visual and auditory sensitivity declines, muscle strength
  decreases, and reaction time
• Hormonal changes > menopause; marks the end of
  childbearing.
• Decrease in estrogen production can lead to osteoporosis.
Late Adulthood

• increase in susceptibility to
  disease.
• Dementia: degenerative,
  irreversable
• ~1/3 of 85+ may suffer from
  Alzheimer's disease
• Erikson: integrity versus despair
   – People who are unable to put their
     life in perspective may experience
     anger, bitterness, and despair.
Death, Dying, and Bereavement

• Elisabeth Kubler-Ross
  –   Denial
  –   Anger
  –   Bargaining
  –   Depression
  –   Acceptance

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Chapter 9 Psych 1 Online Stud 1200607706280093 4[1]

  • 4. Fertilization Fertilization = sperm + ovum (the gametes) form a single new cell, a zygote.
  • 5. The closer the genetic link between two individuals, the more similar their IQ scores are. Nature or nurture?
  • 7. The Start of Life The Onset of Development Germinal Stage (first 2 weeks) Embryonic Stage (two to eight weeks) Fetal Stage (eight weeks until birth)
  • 8. The Competent Newborn Reflexes http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/shared_hss_assets/psychology/dev_vid/video_pop-ups/feldman_vi
  • 9. The Competent Newborn: Milestones •Head up • One word •Rolling over • Sentences •Standing alone •Crawling •Cruising •Walking
  • 10. Psychosocial Development In Childhood • Harlows: Attachment determined by contact comfort, rather than food. • (Attachment to an inanimate object is not sufficient for normal social development.) • [next]
  • 11. Cognitive Development In Childhood • Jean Piaget proposed that cognitive development progresses through a series of qualitative stages [next]
  • 12. Cognitive Development In Childhood • Sensorimotor • Preoperational (near end of second year – ~7): Operation = mental action – Symbolic functioning – Centration; egocentrism [next] • Concrete Operations • Formal Operations – Love, shades of gray, values
  • 13. Adolescence • Puberty – Development of primary and secondary sex characteristics. – “The adolescent growth spurt” – Girls begin their growth spurts earlier (approx. 2 years) and complete them earlier. – By age 13, boys are taller on average. • Androgens • Estrogens • Menarche • Cultural trends • Secular trends shows earlier maturation (next slide)
  • 14.
  • 15. Young Adulthood • Parenting – Authoritarian – Authoritative – Permissive – Negligent – Democratic
  • 16. Middle Adulthood • Physical changes > characterized by a gradual decline. • Visual and auditory sensitivity declines, muscle strength decreases, and reaction time • Hormonal changes > menopause; marks the end of childbearing. • Decrease in estrogen production can lead to osteoporosis.
  • 17. Late Adulthood • increase in susceptibility to disease. • Dementia: degenerative, irreversable • ~1/3 of 85+ may suffer from Alzheimer's disease • Erikson: integrity versus despair – People who are unable to put their life in perspective may experience anger, bitterness, and despair.
  • 18. Death, Dying, and Bereavement • Elisabeth Kubler-Ross – Denial – Anger – Bargaining – Depression – Acceptance