1. Climate change Features and factors

2. What does climate change look like? Climate change can be observed in the global patterns of temperature and precipitation. These changes are often shown as trends. This reflects the gradual shift in climatic patterns. The next set of slides illustrate trend and anomaly patterns. define the concepts of climate change and the greenhouse effect

3. Temperature patterns

4. Australian temperature trends

5. Precipitation trends

6. Australian precipitation trends

7. Rainfall Trends in the SW

8. Rainfall trends in the north

9. Australia temperature trend Australian mean temperatures are calculated from a country-wide network of about 100 high-quality, mostly rural, observing stations. The Bureau of Meteorology has undertaken extensive data rehabilitation to ensure that the temperature records from these sites have not been compromised by changes in site location, exposure or instrumentation over time.

10. Climate change projections What will happen in the future is often based on trends from the past. Projections are based on probability and climate modelling. Projected outcomes

11. Climate change projections

14. The global heat or energy budget

20. Anthropogenic carbon output From WWW.GAPMINDER.ORG United States Australia China India Russia

22. Global atmospheric circulation

25. Ice ages and warm periods Identify and describe a period or periods in the Earth’s past history when climates were much colder than they are today. Include information on the patterns of precipitation and temperature during this period and the types of climatic conditions experienced by different regions.

26. Carbon Dioxide trends

27. Using proxy data

28. Adding in direct data

29. What is climate change?

33. El Nino La Nina The SOI is a measure of air pressure over the Pacific Ocean. Positive phases in the index indicate the La Nina Phase. Negative phases are associated with El Nino. La Nina is the normal or above average rainfall period for Northern and Eastern Australia. 2006-2007 was a prolonged drought across Eastern Australia

34. El Nino event

36. Human impacts and actions Enhanced greenhouse effect

37. Mitigate or adapt? Care of places · discuss the current and proposed strategies implemented to reduce the adverse effects of climate change · discuss how human activity has adapted or may be required to adapt to climate change. Mitigation is the introduction of changes to human activities that are expected to reduce the anthropogenic causes of climate change. The debate is the extent to which these activities are responsible for climate change and the degree to which the solutions will be successful. Adaptation is the acceptance of climate change regardless of the causes and the development of strategies to cope with the change. This is the learning to live with it strategy.

38. Climate change and agriculture examine the impact of climate change upon the spatial patterns of agriculture or human settlements. For the selected human activity: Agriculture Factors that impact on decisions about sustainability · outline the extent to which climate change impacts upon sustainability from local to global scales · discuss the key environmental, economic, social and political factors that impact upon decisions about sustainability. Values and viewpoints in people’s use of places · outline the different viewpoints which stakeholders have towards strategies that aim to minimise the effects of climate change e.g. wealthy nations, developing/emerging nations, state and regional governments, environmental groups, multinational corporations, nongovernment organisations. Care of places · discuss the current and proposed strategies implemented to reduce the adverse effects of climate change · discuss how human activity has adapted or may be required to adapt to climate change.

39. Does this map show the impact of climate change on sustainability of agriculture?

41. Climate change and urban settlement For the selected human activity: Urban settlement Factors that impact on decisions about sustainability · outline the extent to which climate change impacts upon sustainability from local to global scales · discuss the key environmental, economic, social and political factors that impact upon decisions about sustainability. Values and viewpoints in people’s use of places · outline the different viewpoints which stakeholders have towards strategies that aim to minimise the effects of climate change e.g. wealthy nations, developing/emerging nations, state and regional governments, environmental groups, multinational corporations, nongovernment organisations. Care of places · discuss the current and proposed strategies implemented to reduce the adverse effects of climate change · discuss how human activity has adapted or may be required to adapt to climate change.

42. The impact of and on urban settlements

43. Urban micro-climates The heat island

44. General impacts of climate change explain the impact of climate change upon spatial patterns in the natural and cultural environments In this chart we see the application of scenarios to the issue of climate change. Potentially this syllabus point could include projected as well as current impacts

45. Adapting to climate change

46. Climate change stakeholders

47. Now its time to ask the questions http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100623194820/http://www.actoncopenhagen.decc.gov.uk/content/en/embeds/flash/4-degrees-large-map-final http://www.climatechange.gov.au/climate-change/myths/science.aspx