2. CONTENTS
ÍNDICE
GLOSSARY Pág.
BASIC GRAMMAR Pág.
Unit 1 Physical description..........................................3 Unit 1 Personal pronouns...........................................17
Names of countries.........................................4 Verb to be..........................................................17
Music....................................................................4 Indefinite article...............................................18
Numbers.............................................................5 Possessive determiners..................................18
Adjective..........................................................18
Unit 2 Daily Routine......................................................5
Food......................................................................6 Unit 2 Simple present: regular verbs......................19
Hobbies...............................................................6 Present continuous..........................................19
Sports..................................................................7 Interrogative pronouns...................................20
Interrogative adverbs....................................20
Interrogative determiners..............................20
Unit 3 School...............................................................7 Adverbs of frequency....................................20
Types of schools..............................................7
Subjects ........................................................8
Facilities/rooms..............................................8 Unit 3 Conditional sentences...................................20
School objects / materials..............................8 Modal verbs.....................................................21
Activities .....................................................9 Simple past: to be...........................................22
People.............................................................9 Simple past: regular verbs............................22
Unit 4 The family...........................................................9 Unit 4 Personal pronouns: object.............................24
The house.........................................................10 Adjectives: comparative...............................24
Simple past: irregular verbs.........................25
Possessive case..............................................25
Unit 5 The city..............................................................11
Shops / stores...................................................11
Means of transport.........................................12 Unit 5 Prepositions of time........................................26
Weather.............................................................12 Prepositions of place.......................................27
Prepositions of movement............................27
Adjectives: superlative...................................27
Unit 6 Holidays..............................................................13 Verbs: past continuous...................................28
Places/destinations..........................................13
Activities............................................................13
Description of places....................................13
Unit 6 Verbs: present perfect....................................28
Relative pronouns............................................29
Working places................................................14
Noun plurals.....................................................30
Jobs....................................................................14
Unit 7 Hallowe’en........................................................14
Unit 7 Imperative..........................................................31
Christmas and New Year...............................15 Future: going to...............................................31
Saint Valentine’s Day......................................16 Future: will.........................................................31
Independence Day..........................................16 Indefinite adjectives and pronouns............32
Indefinite adverbs and pronouns.................32
2
3. GLOSSARY
GLOSSARY
UNIT 1 Who is who?
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION
DESCRIÇÃO DE PESSOAS
Body corpo Eyes olhos blue azuis
fat gordo/forte small pequenos
strongly-built bem constituído big grandes
slim/slender elegante brown castanhos
thin magro dark negros
hazel verdes
Height altura Mouth boca
large grande
tall alto small pequena
short / small baixo smiling sorridente
of medium height médio serious séria
Arms braços Nose nariz
long (conk) comprido (penca)
short curto
long compridos
turned-up arrebitado
short curtos
pointed pontiagudo
round redondo
Legs pernas Skin/Complexion
pele
long compridas
pale pálida
strong fortes
dark escura
thin magras
brown morena
short curtas
light clara
Face cara Hair cabelo
wavy ondulado
round redonda curly frisado, encaracolado
square quadrada short curto
rectangular rectangular long longo
light claro
dark escuro
black negro
blond/fair loiro
EXAMPLES brown castanho
He’s quite handsome. He’s of medium height, his skin is pale. He’s got blue eyes red ruivo
and straight fair hair. His nose is a bit pointed. He isn’t slim but he isn’t fat either.
pony tail rabo de cavalo
3
4. GLOSSARY
NAMES OF COUNTRIES
NOMES DE PAÍSES
United Kingdom Canada – Canadian Australia – Australian France – French
Reino Unido Canadá – canadiano/a Australia – australiano/a França – francês/esa
England – English Switzerland – Swiss
Inglaterra – inglês/esa Countries Suíça – suíço/a
países
Scotland – Scottish Countries Poland – Polish
Escócia – escocês/esa países Polónia – polaco/a
Wales – Welsh Spain – Spanish
País de Gales – galês/esa Espanha – espanhol/a
Germany – German India – Indian
Alemanha – alemão/alemã Índia – indiano/a
Austria – Austrian Portugal – Portuguese
Áustria – austríaco/a Portugal – português/esa
Northern Ireland – Irish
Irlanda do Norte – irlandês/esa
NOTICE
An Englishman – um inglês Republic of Ireland / Eire – Irish
An Englishwoman – uma inglesa República da Irlanda – irlandês/esa
A Scot / Scotsman – um escocês United States of America – American
An Irishman – um irlandês Estados Unidos da América – americano/a
A Welshman – um galês
MUSIC
MÚSICA
piano clarinet cello saxophone
classical piano clarinete violoncelo saxofone
pop
clássica Types pop
tipos Musical instruments
instrumentos musicais
choral jazz
guitar bass
coral jazz
guitarra baixo
metal alternative
violin recorder keyboard
metal alternativa
violino flauta de bisel keyboard/teclado
rock country
rock country
band People
banda pessoas vocalist
vocalista
singer
cantor/a orchestra
orquestra
groups players
grupos conductor
instrumentistas
maestro
EXAMPLES
Nowadays many teenagers play musical instruments. Boy and girl bands are becoming more and more popular. They play pop
music. They have their favourite bands and buy their CDs. This is commercial music. Others prefer listening to classical music;
most children learn how to play the piano, the recorder or the violin. They sometimes go to concerts and join in school choirs.
4
5. GLOSSARY
NUMBERS
NÚMEROS
1 one 5 five 9 nine 13 thirteen 17 seventeen 21 twenty- 50 fifty 90 ninety
2 two 6 six 10 ten 14 fourteen 18 eighteen -one 60 sixty 100 one / a
3 three 7 seven 11 eleven 15 fifteen 19 nineteen 30 thirty 70 seventy hundred
4 four 8 eight 12 twelve 16 sixteen 20 twenty 40 forty 80 eighty
UNIT 2 Life is tough!
DAILY ROUTINE
ROTINA DIÁRIA
have dinner / dine comb one’s hair wrist watch church clock
jantar pentear-se relógio de pulso relógio de igreja
Daily routine Clocks
sleep rotina diária have lunch relógios
dormir almoçar alarm clock digital clock
relógio digital
despertador
wake up get washed
acordar lavar-se
grandfather clock
get up have breakfast get dressed
relógio de caixa alta
levantar-se tomar o pequeno almoço vestir-se
Time
morning tempo afternoon
manhã tarde
sunset
pôr-do-sol
evening (5 pm-9 pm)
tardinha/noite
sunrise night
nascer do sol noite
EXAMPLES
It’s 3 o’clock = it’s 3 am/3 pm. It’s 3.15 – it’s a quarter past 3. I usually get up at 7.30
São três horas. São três e um quarto. when the alarm clock
rings. My classes begin at
It’s 10 o’clock = it’s 10 pm. It’s 6.20 – it’s twenty past six. 8.30 every day. I don’t
São dez horas. São seis e vinte. have any classes on
Saturday. We generally
It’s 12 o’clock. 8.50 – it’s ten to nine=it’s eight fifty. have lunch at 1.30, when I
São doze horas = é meio dia. São dez para as nove / oito e cinquenta. get home from school and
we have dinner at 8
It’s 3.30 – it’s half past 3. 12.00 am = midday/noon o’clock in the evening. At
São três e meia. meio-dia am = before midday weekends I always get up
around 10 and go to bed
It’s 10.45 – it’s ten forty five 12.00 pm = midnight later at night. Most shops
= it’s a quarter to eleven. meia-noite pm = post midday open at 9 am and close at
São dez e quarenta e cinco = 5.30 pm.
é um quarto para as onze.
5
6. GLOSSARY
FOOD
COMIDA
Food produtos
• milk leite • yoghurt iogurte • vegetables legumes
• bread pão • eggs ovos • chips batatas fritas
• butter manteiga • cheese queijo • soup sopa
• corn flakes flocos de aveia • ham fiambre • fruit juice sumo de fruta
• coffee café • meat carne • beer cerveja
• fruit fruta • fish peixe • wine vinho
Types tipos Meals refeições
traditional food comida tradicional breakfast pequeno almoço
fast food comida pronta a comer lunch almoço
vegetarian food comida vegetariana tea chá
exotic food comida exótica dinner jantar
take away comida para levar para casa supper ceia ou jantar
snack refeição ligeira
EXAMPLES
Nowadays most people take care about the food they eat. Teenagers love fast food but they also try not to put on too much
weight. They have light breakfasts and avoid greasy food like chips. Some prefer yoghurts and milk to meat or fish. In general
hamburgers and crisps are still popular among teenagers. Older people prefer traditional food, soup, meat or fish and a lot of
vegetables and fruit. Some British people are vegetarian.
Places
locais
cafeteria cafetaria restaurant restaurante
sweet shop confeitaria, pastelaria café café
pub bar coffee shop casa de chá
HOBBIES/SPORTS
PASSATEMPOS FAVORITOS/DESPORTOS
spare time listening to music computer games watching TV
tempos livres ouvir música jogos de computador ver TV
weekends Hobbies cinema
passatempos favoritos
fins-de-semana cinema
holidays painting
férias pintura
leisure dancing
lazer dança
pastimes drama
passatempos teatro
games knitting
jogos fazer malha
reading writing letters surfing the net playing cards cooking
6 leitura escrever cartas navegar na net jogar às cartas cozinhar
7. GLOSSARY
bike riding athletics surfing karate horse riding
andar de atletismo surf karaté equitação EXAMPLES
bicicleta/ciclismo
Sports football/soccer Most teenagers spend their spare time doing
hockey
desportos futebol some hobbies or practising sports.
hóquei
The most popular hobbies nowadays are
swimming computer games or surfing the net. Those
natação who are not so keen on technology watch TV
tennis or listen to music. At school they play foot-
ténis ball, basketball or volleyball. At the weekend
they go jogging, mountaineering, swimming
skiing jogging gymnastics basketball mountaineering or bike riding.
ski jogging ginástica basquetebol montanhismo
UNIT 3 School
SCHOOL
ESCOLA
break class exam term school bus EXAMPLES
intervalo turma exame período autocarro escolar My school report was excellent this
term.
timetable school report We will use the school bus for the
horário
School boletim escolar
escola study trip.
I hope I don’t fail this year. My
study / field trip essay marks were not very good.
visita de estudo trabalho escrito
fail homework
reprovar trabalho de casa
test mark pass bell lessons
teste nota passar campainha lições / aulas
kindergarten / nursery school private school state school special school
jardim infantil escola privada escola pública escola de educação especial
primary / elementary school (US) Types of schools boarding school
escola primária / 1º. ciclo tipos de escolas colégio interno
preparatory school
escola preparatória
EXAMPLES
secondary school / high school (US) Mark goes to a boarding school. He
escola secundária only comes home at the weekend.
When I finish secondary school, I
middle school / junior high school university / college want to go to university.
escola do 2º e 3º. ciclo ensino superior
7
8. GLOSSARY
German Portuguese
Religious Education Alemão Português
Biology
Religião e Moral
Biologia
French
History Subjects Francês
disciplinas
História
Physical Education (P.E.)
Maths Educação Física
Matemática
Art
Music Arte / Educação Visual
Música term
Craftswork período
Geography Trabalhos Manuais bar
bar playground
Geografia Chemistry
gym recreio
Química
ginásio
English
library school office
Inglês
biblioteca secretaria
swimming pool
piscina toilets
Facilities / rooms casas de banho
teacher’s staff room instalações / salas / divisões
sala de professores football field
campo de futebol
students’ common room
sala dos alunos classroom
sala de aula
headteacher’s study
sala do director / Presidente reception
laboratory recepção
laboratório
video room
sala de vídeo
EXAMPLES Arts room
sala de Educação Visual
Our Arts room is really great. I also love the gym.
Our students’ common room isn’t big.
When we don’t have classes, we like to go to the video room and the library.
school uniform chalk pencil notebook
uniforme escolar giz lápis caderno de apontamentos
microscope
microscópio School objects / material watercolours
material escolar aguarelas
dictionary EXAMPLES
dicionário I didn’t play football today because
computer I forgot my training shoes.
desk computador Today my satchel is very heavy. I’m
carteira carrying three notebooks and two
dictionaries.
In my opinion, school uniforms
overhead projector pen training shoes / trainers (inf.) are not a good idea.
retroprojector caneta sapatilhas
8
9. GLOSSARY
dance club English club journal sports club
clube de dança clube de Inglês jornal clube de desporto classmate
colega de turma
drama club music club
clube de teatro
Activities
actividades clube de música student
competition estudante
exhibition
competição, prova exposição partner
pottery club companheiro de carteira
clube de olaria
teacher
People
multimedia club professor
pessoas
clube de multimédia environment club quiz
clube do ambiente concurso pupil
aluno
school secretary
funcionário de secretaria
EXAMPLES
classmate
This year all my classmates are great, especially my partner. colega de turma form teacher
We are making a journal for the English club.
director de turma
Rui is our form leader. Everybody likes him. school pal
colega form leader
delegado de turma
UNIT 4 Home sweet home!
THE FAMILY
A FAMÍLIA
grandfather grandmother
avô avó
godmother
The family godfather
father mother in-laws madrinha
a família padrinho
pai mãe parentes por afinidade
nephew
son daughter aunt Relatives sobrinho
filho filha parentes
tia
niece
uncle sobrinha
brother children sister
tio
irmão filhos irmã cousin
sister-in-law primo
cunhada
brother-in-law father-in-law mother-in-law
cunhado sogro sogra
EXAMPLES
My family is quite big. There are six of us at home. My father is 42, my mother is 40. There are three children, two sons and a
daughter. My grandmother is also living with us. My grandfather died last year.
Uncle Tom and aunt Nina live in the neighbourhood with my cousins, Jim and Laura.
birth nascimento birthday dia de anos divorce divórcio
baptism / christening baptismo wedding casamento death morte 9
10. GLOSSARY
THE HOUSE
A CASA
terraced house semi-detached house block of flats floor
casa térrea casa geminada bloco de apartamentos/prédio chão (dentro de casa)
detached house council house wall
Types of houses
moradia casa da câmara parede
tipos de casas
manor house Parts of the houses chimney
casa senhorial partes da casa
chaminé
cottage ceiling
casa de campo
tecto
bungalow door
moradia num só piso porta garden
gate window roof jardim
portão janela telhado
bedroom drawing room bathroom
quarto de cama sala de visitas casa de banho
children’s room
quarto das crianças
kitchen Rooms
divisões cellar
cozinha chest of drawers
cave
armchair cómoda
study pantry sink maple cupboard
escritório dispensa banca armário
dining room living room Furniture
table
sala de jantar sala comum mobília
mesa
bed
cama
sofa
oven chair sofá
forno cadeira
freezer bookcase bedside table closet / fitted wardrobe
vacuum cleaner / hoover
arca congeladora estante mesa de cabeceira guarda-fatos
aspirador
fridge
Electrical appliances frigorífico
electrodomésticos
washing machine
máquina de lavar roupa
dishwasher ornament clock mirror shelf
máquina de lavar loiça bibelot relógio espelho prateleira
TV set picture
hi-fi system aparelho de televisão quadro Decoration vase
aparelhagem de som decoração vaso
cooker / stove
curtain
fogão
cortina
EXAMPLES carpet
tapete
I love my house. It’s my sanctuary, where I feel at home. It’s cosy and
warm. It’s a detached house with a small garden, near the woods. It
has got six rooms. The kitchen is quite large and we have our meals lamp fireplace coffee table
there. We’ve got all modern appliances and the furniture is simple. candeeiro fogão de sala mesinha de café
10
11. GLOSSARY
UNIT 5 Places around you
THE CITY
A CIDADE
building corner market hostel hotel bus stop
edifício esquina mercado estalagem hotel paragem de autocarro
hospital block of flats
hospital bloco de apartamentos
The city
theatre a cidade youth hostel
teatro albergue de juventude
cinema shopping mall
cinema centro comercial
avenue restaurant
avenida restaurante
square post office
praça correios
street(s) police station
rua(s) esquadra
park garden church bridge museum skyscraper
parque jardim igreja ponte museu arranha-céus
EXAMPLES
When we visited London last month we stayed in a youth hostel.
I must go the post office to receive a package.
My sister lives in a block of flats, next to the park. There is a bus stop right in front of her building.
menswear shop drugstore grocer’s stationery women’s clothes
loja de modas (homem) drogaria mercearia papelaria loja de modas (senhoras)
greengrocer’s newsagent’s
pomar Shop / stores tabacaria
lojas / armazéns
chemist’s butcher’s
farmácia talho
hypermarket fishmonger’s
hipermercado peixaria
supermarket bookshop
supermercado livraria
music shop sweetshop baker’s ironmonger’s / hardware store (US)
artigos musicais pastelaria padaria loja de utensílios domésticos / ferragens
EXAMPLES
My mother likes to shop in big shopping malls such as Harrods because she can find everything she needs there.
Paul avoids going to hypermarkets. He prefers to shop in his neighbourhood shops, such as the grocer’s and the butcher’s.
Where’s the chemist’s? I need to buy a pill for my headache.
11
12. GLOSSARY
motorbike ship van train
motocicleta barco carrinha comboio
Means of transport
car taxi
meios de transporte
carro táxi EXAMPLES
A car is faster and probably safer but I prefer
plane bus the bicycle. When I need to travel longer
avião autocarro distances I use the train.
The undeground is the fastest way to move
around in the city. The bus is also efficient,
bicycle lorry underground
but not as fast.
bicicleta camião metropolitano
Directions direcções
go straight on walk down the street take the second turning on the left/right
seguir em frente descer a rua virar na segunda rua à esquerda/direita
turn left go through the park
virar à esquerda ir através do parque EXAMPLES
turn right cross the bridge To get to the museum you need to turn left, walk
virar à direita atravessar a ponte along the street and go through the park. Then,
cross the bridge and take the second turning on
walk up the street go along the street the right. The museum is opposite the hospital.
subir a rua seguir ao longo da rua
WEATHER
TEMPO ATMOSFÉRICO
• forecast previsão • winter Inverno
• fog nevoeiro • summer Verão
• sleet granizo • autumn Outono
• shower aguaceiro • spring Primavera
• thunder trovão • heat calor
• wind vento • climate clima
• lightning relâmpago • hurricane ciclone
• storm tempestade • north norte
• sun sol • south sul
• cloud nuvem • east este
• rain chuva • west oeste
Adjectives adjectivos
• rainy chuvoso • light leve, fraco, desanuveado • damp húmido • warm quente
• cloudy nublado • snowy nevado • wet molhado • northern de norte
• stormy tempestuoso • windy ventoso • fine bom • southern de sul
• sunny solarengo • cool fresco • dry seco • eastern de leste
• heavy forte • cold frio • hot muito quente • western de oeste
EXAMPLES
The forecast says there will be thunder and lightning tomorrow morning, but it will be fine in the afternoon.
What’s the weather like in your region?
It’s usually sunny and warm this time of the year, but in winter it is always cloudy and very cold.
12
13. GLOSSARY
UNIT 6 To work or not to work
HOLIDAYS
FÉRIAS
beach desert island coast mountains
praia deserto ilha costa montanhas
monuments open spaces
monumentos
Places / destinations
lugares / destinos espaços ao ar livre
ruins
river(side)
ruínas
(beira-)rio
lake
lago
city explore wild regions
cidade country(side) sea(side)
explorar regiões selvagens
campo (beira-)mar
indoor spaces
have fun go on a safari
espaços fechados
divertir-se fazer um safari
fly
enjoy peace and quiet voar practise sports
desfrutar de paz e sossego praticar desporto
Activities
go to a disco / the casino actividades get a suntan
bronzear-se
ir a uma discoteca / casino
take photos
go sightseeing
tirar fotografias
visitar (locais famosos ou interessantes)
sit in a café
relax / rest
sentar-se num café
descontrair-se / descansar
sail admire landscapes camp
velejar admirar paisagens acampar
EXAMPLES
I’ve decided to spend these summer holidays at the seaside.
Mark likes to explore wild regions but his wife prefers to go sightseeing.
You will risk your health if you spend too much time lying in the sun to get a suntan.
I don’t like anything too dangerous or exciting during my holidays. All I want is to enjoy peace and quiet.
DESCRIPTION OF PLACES
DESCRIÇÃO DE LUGARES
Positive positivo Negative negativo
awful horrível
beautiful belo
dirty sujo
peaceful sossegado
noisy barulhento
pleasant agradável
dull monótono
entertaining divertido
dangerous perigoso
green verdejante
uninteresting desinteressante
relaxing repousante
unpleasant desagradável
clean limpo
polluted poluído
exciting excitante
boring aborrecido 13
14. GLOSSARY
WORK
TRABALHO
company factory
companhia, firma fábrica
Working places
bank locais de trabalho shop
banco loja
stage court
palco tribunal
office surgery studio
escritório consultório estúdio
Jobs profissões / ocupações
• actor actor
• actress actriz
• astronaut astronauta • journalist jornalista • driver motorista
• pilot piloto • lawyer advogado • electrician electricista
• boss patrão • manager gerente • executive executivo
• cameraman operador de câmara • model modelo • fisherman pescador
• pianist pianista • musician músico • fireman bombeiro
• policeman polícia • painter pintor • gardener jardineiro
• psychiatrist psiquiatra • writer escritor • dancer dançarino
• reporter repórter • photographer fotógrafo • cook cozinheiro
• secretary secretária • dentist dentista • coach treinador
• singer cantor • detective detective • dustman homem do lixo, varredor
• shop-assistant empregado(a) • plumber canalizador • shopkeeper comerciante, lojista
• inventor inventor • doctor / physician médico • mechanic mecânico
UNIT 7 Let’s celebrate!
HALLOWE’EN – 31st October
DIA DAS BRUXAS – 31 de Outubro
broom candle sweet costume ghost lantern witch goblin
vassoura vela doce fato fantasma lanterna bruxa duende maléfico
mummy pumpkin
múmia Hallowe’en abóbora
dia das bruxas
trick wizard
partida feiticeiro
beach All Hallows
praia Todos-os-Santos
mask nightmare
máscara pesadelo
14
15. GLOSSARY
EXAMPLES
Verbs verbos Adjectives adjectivos
On Hallowe’en, kids wear
costumes, knock on doors • to frighten / scare assustar • funny engraçado
and say ‘Trick or treat’. • to knock on the door bater à porta • amusing divertido
People carve pumpkins • to play a trick (on) pregar uma partida (a) • frightening / scary / spooky assustador
and put candles inside to • to scream / shout / yell gritar • strange estranho
make them look scary. • to wear vestir • traditional tradicional
• to carve esculpir • cross zangado
CHRISTMAS AND NEW YEAR
25th December and 1st January DIA DE NATAL E DE ANO NOVO – 25 de Dezembro e 1 de Janeiro
Dates datas
Boxing Day 26 de Dezembro
Christmas Eve Véspera de Natal
New Year’s Eve Véspera de Ano Novo
New Year’s Day Dia de Ano Novo
sleigh presents
Father Christmas
trenó presentes
Pai Natal
stocking Saint Nicholas
meia, peúga S. Nicolau
Santa Claus / Father Christmas
coal Pai Natal fireplace
carvão lareira
North Pole toys
Pólo Norte brinquedos
reindeer chimney
sack / bag
rena chaminé
saco
EXAMPLES
Boxing Day is a holiday on the first
weekday after Christmas.
Some children believe Santa Claus
comes down the chimney on
Christmas Eve and leaves a present in
the stocking they put on the fireplace.
Customs and traditions costumes e tradições
• Christmas cards cartões de Natal • Christmas tree árvore de Natal • mistletoe visco
• Christmas decorations decorações de Natal • (boughs) of holly (ramos de) azevinho • tinsel ouropel
• Christmas carols canções de Natal • midnight mass missa da meia-noite • snow neve
• Christmas greetings saudações de Natal • New Year’s resolutions resoluções de Ano Novo • crib presépio 15
16. GLOSSARY
toast Food mince pie
comida
brinde pastel com recheio de frutas
Christmas pudding Christmas cake EXAMPLES
pudim de Natal bolo de Natal
The Christmas tree looks beautiful with
raisins (roast) turkey tinsel and snow.
uvas passas peru (assado) Mince pie and Christmas pudding are
my favourite food at Christmas.
On New Year’s Eve people drink a toast
and make New Year’s resolutions.
SAINT VALENTINE’S DAY
14th February DIA DE S. VALENTIM – 14 de Fevereiro
darling / sweetheart date surprise heart
querido/a, adorado/a encontro surpresa coração
kiss patron saint
Nouns
beijo santo padroeiro
nomes
gift soul
presente alma
postbox / letter box boyfriend girlfriend Valentine
marco / caixa do correio namorado namorada postal de S. Valentim
o/a eleito/a
Verbs verbos
• to cry chorar • to miss sentir falta (de) • to sign assinar
• to fall in love apaixonar-se • to need precisar • to smile sorrir
• to love amar, gostar muito • to send enviar
• to lie mentir • to share partilhar
INDEPENDENCE DAY
4th of July DIA DA INDEPENDÊNCIA – 4 de Julho
picnic fireworks
piquenique fogo-de-artifício
parade flag
Countries bandeira
parada países
band colony
banda colónia
barbecue declaration
churrasco declaração
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17. BASIC GRAMMAR
BASIC GRAMMAR
UNIT 1 Who is who?
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
PRONOMES PESSOAIS
Subject
Singular Plural EXAMPLES
I we I am Portuguese.
you you Do you play the piano?
he they He is English.
She can play the guitar.
she We don’t speak English.
it They love ice cream.
VERB TO BE – SIMPLE PRESENT
VERBO TO BE – PRESENTE DO INDICATIVO
Simple Present (To Be)
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I am I’m I am I ‘m Am I
You are you’re You are You ‘re Are you
He he’s He He he
She is she’s She is She ‘s Is she
= not = not ?
It it’s It It it
We we’re We We we
You are you’re You are You ‘re Are you
They they’re They They they
As respostas curtas são:
EXAMPLES
Yes, I am. No, I’m not. Yes, we are. No, we aren’t.
I’m English.
Yes, he is. No, he isn’t. Yes, they are. No, they’re not = they aren’t. He’s Spanish.
We’re students.
Usa-se o verbo to be, em certas condições, quando falamos de: He isn’t tired.
They aren’t Portuguese.
naturalidade – I’m from Porto. distância – It’s 50 km from here. Are you French?
Is he hungry?
idade – I’m thirteen. preço – It’s $2.
Are they ill?
altura – I’m 1 metre 50. horas – It’s 4.30.
peso – I’m 50 kilos. datas – It’s 4th July today.
tamanho – This room is 20 square metres. fome, sede, cansaço – I’m hungry. I’m thirsty. I’m tired. 17
T7B-2
18. BASIC GRAMMAR
THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE
O ARTIGO INDEFINIDO
a utiliza-se antes de palavras que começam por an utiliza-se antes de palavras que começam por
consoante. vogal.
EXAMPLES EXAMPLES
We’ve got a big car. Take an umbrella. It’s going to rain.
Take a seat! Give me an example, please.
A sandwich, please. I’d like an ice cream, please.
• antes de palavras começadas por y, u (som j) e w não se deve utilizar “an”.
He’s got a yellow pullover.
Is there a university here?
England is a European country.
She’s a wonderful teacher.
NOTA
• antes de h (h mudo) utiliza-se “an”. Não se utiliza “a” ou “an” no plural.
The plane arrives in an hour. Boys and girls go to the school bar regularly.
He’s an honest man. He buys books every month.
POSSESSIVE DETERMINERS
DETERMINANTES POSSESSIVOS
Possessive determiners
Singular Plural EXAMPLES
my our What’s your address?
your your My mother is a teacher.
his His uncle works for ‘Virgin’.
Our house is quite big.
her their Have you got your tickets?
its They lost their books.
ADJECTIVE
ADJECTIVO
• O adjectivo é invariável em inglês. É igual no mascu- • O adjectivo vem sempre antes do substantivo (pessoa,
lino, feminino e plural. lugar ou coisa).
EXAMPLES EXAMPLES
a blue dress three blue dresses a fat woman an expensive house
a beautiful house two beautiful houses a young man a modern car
it’s very heavy they are very heavy a beautiful story a heavy satchel
NOTA NOTA
Pode-se usar mais de um adjectivo antes do substantivo sem O adjectivo vem sempre depois do verbo to be.
and entre eles. She’s slim and smart.
It’s a new English dictionary. He is late.
She’s a nice young woman. They are angry.
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19. BASIC GRAMMAR
UNIT 2 Life is tought!
SIMPLE PRESENT: REGULAR VERBS
VERBOS REGULARES: PRESENTE DO INDICATIVO
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I I I I
work do don’t Do
You You You you
He He He he
She works She does not She doesn’t Does she
= work work?
It It work It it
We We We we
You work You do You don’t Do you
They They They they
NOTA
Com o presente do indicativo usam-se advérbios de tempo como:
always • often • usually • sometimes • rarely • generally • normally • seldom • frequently • never • regularly • etc.
EXAMPLES
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
We go to school every day. We don’t go to school by bus. Does she usually wear bikinis?
She loves ice-creams. She doesn’t speak English. Do they listen to music?
I live in Oporto. I don’t like bananas. Do you like football?
He often drives to work.
He lives in Baker Street. NOTA
Verbos terminados em: consonant + -y – acrescenta-se -ies cry – cries
-sh, -s, -ch, -x – acrescenta-se -es wash – washes
-o – acrescenta-se -es go – goes
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
VERBOS REGULARES: PRESENTE DO INDICATIVO
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I am I am not Am I
You are You are not (aren’t) Are you
He He he
She is She is not (isn’t) Is she
sleeping. sleeping. sleeping?
It It it
We We we
You are You are not (aren’t) Are you
They They they
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20. BASIC GRAMMAR
O present continuous usa-se para indicar acções que estão a decor- EXAMPLES
rer no momento em que se está a falar. Também serve para indicar While Lisa is studying, Joe is listening to music.
um hábito que nos incomoda ou é negativo. O present continuous é She’s always teasing me.
usado ainda quando nos referimos a uma acção futura já planeada. Mum is talking on the phone to her friend
As respostas curtas são: Maureen.
Who’s knocking on the door?
Yes, I am. No, I’m not. Are you leaving now?
Yes, he is. No, he isn’t. She’s travelling to Paris next week.
I’m staying at home tonight.
Yes, we are. No, we aren’t.
QUESTION WORDS
PERGUNTAS
Interrogative Pronouns Interrogative Adverbs Interrogative Determiners
Pronomes interrogativos Advérbios interrogativos Determinantes interrogativos
Who… ? Where… ? What... ?
What… ? When… ? Which (of them)... ?
Which… ? Why… ? How many… ?
How… ?
Usam-se com interrogativas directas, para formular perguntas.
ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
ADVÉRBIOS DE FREQUÊNCIA
usually regularly sometimes seldom never
often always every day rarely occasionally
Usam-se para indicar uma acção frequente, um hábito.
UNIT 3 School
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
FRASES CONDICIONAIS
São constituídas por duas orações – a oração condicional (if-clause) e a oração principal (main-clause) – traduzindo,
como o próprio nome indica, condições, isto é, situações que podem acontecer, levando a determinados resultados.
Quando a if-clause surge no simple present, podem ocorrer duas situações na main clause:
1. If + Simple Present --------------------- Simple Present (TYPE 0)
20 Este tipo de frase traduz hábitos, situações repetidas com frequência, factos tidos como verdadeiros.
21. BASIC GRAMMAR
NOTA
Nas orações condicionais TIPO 0, a conjunção if tem o significado de when(ever) (quando, sempre que).
EXAMPLES
If (= When) I don’t have anyone to go out with, I stay at home. I spend the summer holidays at home.
If (= When) it’s cold, I don’t go out so often.
If (= When) it rains a lot, it is very dangerous to drive fast.
If + Simple Present ------------------ will + infinitive
2. (TYPE 1)
will not (won’t) + infinitive
Usamos frases deste tipo para exprimir forte possibilidade / probabilidade.
EXAMPLES
If you don’t behave, you won’t (will not) have bacon and eggs for breakfast tomorrow.
If I have the courage, I’ll ask Doris to marry me.
Melissa will miss the beginning of the class if she doesn’t hurry.
If you come with me, you won’t (will not) be late for class.
MODAL VERBS
VERBOS MODAIS
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
can can can’t / cannot Can
could could couldn’t Could
may may — May
might might mightn’t Might
I will I will not = I won’t Will I ?
would would wouldn’t Would
shall shall shan’t Shall
should should shouldn’t Should
must must mustn’t Must
NOTA Usam-se para indicar, por exemplo:
Os verbos modais:
capacidade ability: can, could
• são sempre seguidos do infinitivo de outro verbo;
• nunca levam -s na 3.a pessoa do singular; permissão permission: can, may
• não se formam com auxiliar na negativa e interrogativa. dever duty: should
probabilidade probability: can, might
pedido request: can, could, would
EXAMPLES possibilidade possibility: can
She can play the guitar. He cannot swim. necessidade necessity: must (have to)
Would you do me a favour? May I open the window, sir?
It might rain today. Could you bring me that chair?
obrigação obligation: must (have to)
We must go now. You should go to the dentist. proibição prohibition: mustn’t
They shouldn’t speak so loud.
oferta offer: can, would, shall
21
22. BASIC GRAMMAR
VERB TO BE – SIMPLE PAST
Simple Past (To Be)
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I was I was I wasn’t Was I
You were You were You weren’t Were you
He He He he
She was She was She wasn’t Was she
not = ?
It It It it
We We We we
You were You were You weren’t Were you
They They They they
Singular Plural
Yes, I was. Yes, we / you / they were.
No, I was not (wasn’t). No, we / you / they were not (weren’t).
short answers Yes, you were.
respostas curtas No, you were not (weren’t).
Yes, he/she/it was.
No, he/she/it was not (wasn’t).
• O verbo to be não precisa de verbo auxiliar
para formar a negativa e a interrogativa. EXAMPLES
• Ao contrário do que acontece com os Who was at the party yesterday?
outros verbos, no simple past o verbo to Oh, there were many people there.
Were there any friends from school?
be apresenta duas formas diferentes: was
No, there weren’t any. But, Jane was there with her sister. They were very nice.
e were.
SIMPLE PAST: REGULAR VERBS
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I I I I
visited did didn’t Did
You You You you
He He He he
She visited She did not She didn’t Did she
= visit visit?
It It visit It it
We We We we
You visited You did You didn’t Did you
They They They they
Singular Plural
Yes, I / you did. Yes, we / you / they did.
short answers No, I / you did not (didn’t). No, we / you / they did not (didn’t).
respostas curtas Yes, he / she / it did.
No, he / she / it did not (didn’t).
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