El Beam es un sistema especialmente ideado para reconocer el terreno en el frente de escavación de las tuneladoras, está basado en el empleo de electrodos colocados en la rueda de corte, en el escudo de la máquina y en el propio terreno como referencia. http://conbotassucias.wordpress.com/

1. © 2004 GEOHYDRAULIK DATA

2. Contents
1 Company Profile
2 Description of BEAM-Method
3 BEAM-Systems
3.1
BEAM-TBM Shield
3.2
BEAM-TBM Gripper
3.3
BEAM-Microtunnelling
3.4
BEAM-Drill&Blast
3.5
BEAM-Perimeter
4 Case Studies
© 2004 GEOHYDRAULIK DATA

3. Company Profile
Since 1986 GEOHYDRAULIK DATA performs modern
geophysical and hydrogeological services for exploration
of subsurface structure and ground characteristics.
Our experience is asked to contribute to the efficient
and successful realization of national and international
projects in:
• Tunnelling
• Groundwater
• Rock and soil engineering
• Dams
• Buildings
• Mineral deposits
• Environment

4. Company Profile
Beside the classical state-of-the-art methods like geoelectrics, induced
polarization, electromagnetics, seismics, well-hydraulics and
hydrogeological modelling, we use advanced in-house developed and
patented geophysical techniques.
Advanced Geophysical Systems
These are especially
designed for certain
fastidious exploration
targets and special
survey demands.
Advantages of
our services:
• high detection
potential
• rapid performance
• reliable results
• time reduction and
cost savings
© 2004 GEOHYDRAULIK DATA

5. Applications and Projects
Well-Hydraulics,
Germany
Transmissivity determination
in sandstones.
Electromagnetics,
Minnesota
Electromagnetics
, Germany
Time Domain Electromagnetics
for UXO and pipe detection.
Geoelectrics,
Samoa, Honduras
Geoelectrics,
Mali, Cameroon, Burundi,
Kenya
Seismics,
Tomography,
Pakistan
At a dam site in Pakistan,
bedrock depth an rock modul
determination
Seismics and
Geoelectrics, Nepal
Tunnel-Geophysics,
Italy
Electrical ahead monitoring
while TBM-boring for
prediction and
documentation along
Explorations for groundwater
and for dam reservoirs.
For depth exploration of dam
foundation rock and reservoir
permeability investigations.
the 9,3 km long Ginori
heading.
Tunnel-Geophysics,
Germany
BEAM-induced Polarization measurement to
locate open karst-cavities within the
perimeter of Irlahüll Tunnel, Geisberg
Tunnel and Stammham Tunnel for the high
speed railroad link Nuremberg-Ingolstadt
Tunnel-Geophysics, Switzerland
Early detection and warning of changes in critical
geotechnical-geological and hydrogeological ground
conditions with BEAM, Gotthard Base Tunnel
© 2004 GEOHYDRAULIK DATA

6. References
AEKH Arge Erkundung Karsthohlräume
(VPM, GHD, DMT, GGD, Daldrup)
Allai Khwar Consultants, Peshawar,
Pakistan
Allianz Immobilien GmbH
Amt für Katastrophenschutz und KMRD
Kiel
ANBEL, Milano
ARCADIS ASAL und Partner GmbH
ARCADIS Trischler und Partner GmbH
ARGE BIE-WA VE3 Zentraler Tunnel,
Berlin
Assmann Beraten und Planen GmbH
AVS Abwasserverband Saar
AWB Abfallwirtschaftsbetrieb
BASF AG
Baucontrol Bingen
Baugrundinstitut Franke-Meißner
GmbH, Wiesbaden
Beratende Ingenieurgesellschaft Dr.Ing. G. Björnsen mbH
Bezirksregierung Trier
Bickardt Bau AG
Bieber Eisen Baustoffe GmbH
BISON Inc. Minneapolis, USA
Boden und Wasser, Büro für
Hydrogeologie, Aichach
Boden und Wasser, Hurler, März und
Dr. Schaar
BLS AlpTransit AG, Schweiz
Brandt, Gerdes, Sitzmann
Umweltplanung
BTS GmbH (Hamburg)
Buchart Horn GmbH
Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften
und Rohstoffe
Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche
C.A.V.E.T. ( Consortio Alta Velocita
Deutsche Bundesbahn, Direktion Stuttgart
Deutsche Bundesbahn, Projektgruppe H / W
Nord, Hannover
Dilger GmbH
Diverse private Bauherren
DORSCH CONSULT GmbH
Dr. Hug Geoconsult GmbH
Dr. Köhler GmbH
Dr. U.P. Büchi und E.R. Müller AG, Schweiz
Dr.-Ing. Steffen GmbH
Electric Power Corporation, Apia, Western
Samoa
ENNE, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
Erdbaulaboratorium Erb & Borchert
Erdbaulaboratorium Essen
Erkelenzer Bohrgesellschaft
Förderverein Solebad Kusel
Frank & Bumiller GmbH
GBS Grundbau-Bohrtechnik-Spezialtiefbau
Gebäudemanagement Schleswig-Hostein AöR
Gemeinde Bessenbach, Spessart
Gemeinde Bexbach, Saarland
Gemeinde Eppelborn, Saarland
Gemeinde Waltenhofen, Allgäu
Gemeindewasserwerke Nonnweiler
GEOBIT Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH
Geobüro RUK GmbH
Geo Consult
GEOFOR, Cameroun
Geologengruppe Lötschberg-Basistunnel,
Schweiz
Geotec Dr. J. Bruggey
Geotechnik GmbH
geotechnik ingenieure witt – jehle – kriechbaum
GFB Kiel
Glyco Metallwerke
Görger + Zorn GmbH
GREBNER Beratende Ingenieure GmbH
Grundbauingenieure Steinfeld und Partner
Heidelberger Zement AG
HNK Ingenieurgesellschaft
Hochtief AG
hpc Harres Pickel Consult GmbH
IFB Eigenschenk GmbH
ILF Ingenieurgemeinschaft Lässer-Feizlmayr
Innenministerium von NRW
Ingenieurberatung Dipl.-Ing. F. Oberländer
Ingenieurbüro Hanisch + Pfaff
Ingenieurbüro Roth
Ingenieurbüro Röver und Partner GmbH
Institut für Geotechnik Dr. Zirfas
Institut für Industriellen und Geotechnischen
Umweltschutz Dr. Baur GmbH
Interdisziplinäre Entwicklunghilfe e.V.
( Keniahilfe )
IPR Ingenieurbüro Pappon und Riedel
Johann Georg Adler III GdbR
Kampfmittelbeseitigungsdienst BadenWürttemberg
Kampfmittelräumdienst Rheinland-Pfalz
KIRCHNER GmbH & Co. KG
KOCKS CONSULT GmbH
Köbig GmbH
Konversionskonsortium ASAL und Partner
GmbH / Kocks Consult GmbH
Kraftwerke Mainz-Wiesbaden AG
Kreis Bad Kreuznach
Kreisverwaltung Bad Kreuznach
Kreisverwaltung Bernkastel-Wittlich
Kreisverwaltung Donnersberg
LAHMEYER INTERNATIONAL GmbH
Landesarbeitsgemeinschaft Entwicklungshilfe
Landeshauptstadt Stuttgart Tiefbauamt
Landkreis Marburg - Biedenkopf
Main-Taunus-Kreis Eigenbetrieb
Abfallentsorgung
Malzfabrik Gebler & Co.
Martin Peters GmbH
MAX BÖGL Bauunternehmung
MDS, Paris
Metallgesellschaft AG
Middle Marsyangdi HEP, NepalNOW
Wasserzweckverband Nordost-Württemberg
NWS Regional AG
Oberfinanzdirektion Hannover
PREUSSAG AG
Projektgruppe Mainzer Ring
Prof. Meier & Partner
Pruy KG
QM ~ GEO Dipl.-Ing. W. Romberg
Rathscheck Schieferbergbau
Regierungspräsidium Stuttgart, KMBD
Regional Bus Stuttgart
Renolit-Werke AG
Rohrbach + Schmees
RWE
Saarstahl AG
Sachverständigenbüro Dr. Prösl
Sandbarth GmbH
Schröder Planung GmbH
Simon + Hartmann GmbH
Smoltczyk & Partner GmbH
Spieser Sand GmbH
Staatsbauamt Kaiserslautern
Staatshochbauamt Leipzig
Stadt Bonn
Stadt Crailsheim
Stadt Frankenthal
Stadt Friedrichshafen
Stadt Kaiserslautern
Stadt Karlsruhe, Bauamt
Stadt Kronberg / Ts.
Stadt Schwäbisch Hall
Stadt Stutensee (Bauamt)
Stadtbauamt Zweibrücken
Stadtverwaltung Bitburg
Stadtverwaltung Trier
Stadtwerke Annweiler
Stadtwerke Michelstadt
SWR Baden-Baden
Tahal Consulting Engineers, San Salvador
Technisches Büro Dr. H. Marx GmbH
Terrasond GmbH
Thüringer Bohrgesellschaft mbH
Tiefbauamt Esslingen
Umlandverband Frankfurt
UMT Ingenieurgesellschaft
Umweltamt Aachen
Umweltamt Mainz ...........
© 2004 GEOHYDRAULIK DATA

7. Real-Time Ground Prediction
While Tunnel-Drivage
© 2004 GEOHYDRAULIK DATA

8. Tunnel-Geophysics
Real-Time Ground Prediction While Tunnelling
means lowering risks, cost savings and time reduction
• planning optimum security and lining measures
• prevention of tunnel collapse and damage
• no need or minimizing of ahead drillings
• prevention of TBM-injuries
• high advancement rates
Reference:
Ministry of formations and research
Reference:
Media centre of the building and
environmental protection authority
Reference:
Media centre of the building and
environmental protection authority
© 2004 GEOHYDRAULIK DATA

9. Tunnel-Geophysics
A new powerful tunnel-geophysical
exploration tool used for
geological, hydrogeological and geotechnical
prediction and documentation accompanying
• TBM - headings
• Drill + Blast drives
• Perimeter investigations
© 2004 GEOHYDRAULIK DATA

10. BEAM Method
BEAM is a focused-electrical frequency domain induced polarization
method.
The principle of BEAM is based on sending a guard current through an
enclosing electrode A1 and a monitoring current of same voltage sign
through an
2D-sketch of guard
3D-finite elements calculated model of BEAMinner electrode and focused current
focused current and voltage ahead of the face
A0 which is
therefore
forced into
the forefield
ground.
3D simulation of the
BEAM focusing
effect (ETH Zürich,
Switzerland)
© 2004 GEOHYDRAULIK DATA

11. BEAM Method
System Layout
A1 (+) guard electrode
(e.g. shield, cutter head,
armed lining)
am
n t be
urre
c
remote access
(e.g. office)
visualization of geological
classification in real-time
~
~
B (-) return electrode
(e.g. steel rod, anchor etc.
inside or outside the tunnel)
A0 (+) measuring electrode
(e.g. cutter head, excavation tools)
BEAM unit
(e.g. steering cabin)
© 2004 GEOHYDRAULIK DATA

12. BEAM Method
Measuring parameters
Resistances frequency-dependent:
R(f1) = U(f1) / I0(f1)[Ohm],
R(f2) = U(f2) / I0(f2)[Ohm]
with U(f) – constant voltage and
I0(f) – monitoring current
Percentage frequency effect (PFE):
PFE = 100 x (R(f1) – R(f2)) / R(f1) [%] with f1 < f2.
Geological interpretation
• Rock mass classification based on PFE values for geotechnical assessment
Percentage Frequency Effect
• PFE is a petrophysical property relating to the ability of rock mass to store
electrical energy
• Porosity Pn (karst-cavities, faults, fractures) is related to PFE: Pn ~ 1/PFE
• Water-bearing and/or airfilled high porosity-zones can store little electrical
energy and therefore are identified by low PFE
• Sand, clay layers, piles, boulders, concrete etc. are characterized by typical
PFE-anomalies which are reliable detected with BEAM method in real-time
© 2004 GEOHYDRAULIK DATA

13. BEAM Ground Prediction
in Hard Rock and Soft Ground
Porosity
High
Medium
Low
Hard Rock
high water-/ gas-bearing zones
coal, ore-bearing zones
Soft Ground
Type 3:
critical rock sections:
e.g. caves, canals, cellars,
gas-bearing zones
Type 2:
e.g. sand
gravel
Rock mass type 1:
critical rock sections:
e.g. clay, silt, wood, metal,
UXO´s, concrete
© 2004 GEOHYDRAULIK DATA

14. Visualization
1
2
Display presentation and
interpretation of real-time-processing
Geophysical-geological
documentation
3
Detail-interpretation
of critical rock sections
© 2004 GEOHYDRAULIK DATA

15. Display
Real-time-processing of data,
resulting in a rock mass classification of the TBM forefield
and
a ground change warning system
Ground change
warning system
± 0m face
> 0m forefield
< 0m passed
Percentage Frequency
Effect (PFE)
”principle of traffic lights”
A, B, C top fault zones
Geological
rock classification
© 2004 GEOHYDRAULIK DATA

16. Display Real Data TBM Project
with BEAM-Light in Fast Motion
approx. 1:50min
space key = next chart
© 2004 GEOHYDRAULIK DATA

17. BEAM Hard Rock Prediction
high water-/ gas-bearing zones
„fault zone“
„no ground change“
„no ground change“
„change to ground
improvement“
PFE-Änderung
„change to ground
improvement“
„change to critical
ground“
„change to critical
ground“
„unhomogenous fractured
aquifer“
© 2004 GEOHYDRAULIK DATA

18. BEAM Soft Ground Prediction
Combined
Induced Polarization (PFE) and Resistivity (R) Measurements
for lithological classification and object identification
Percentage Frequency Effect PFE [%]
R
e
s
i
s
t
i
v
i
t
Y
R
[Ωm]
Low
cavities
saltwater-filled
waste
disposal
clay,
loam
metals,
UXO´s
Medium
cavities
water-filled
sand/
gravel
wet
organic
material
wood
High
cavities
gas-/air-filled
sand/
gravel
dry
boulders,
blocks
armed
concrete
© 2004 GEOHYDRAULIK DATA

19. BEAM-Systems Overview
Drivage Type
BEAM-System
Exploration range
forefield integral monitoring*
Shield-TBM
forefield scan monitoring
perimeter monitoring
BEAM-TBM
forefield integral monitoring*
Gripper-TBM
forefield scan monitoring
Microtunnelling
forefield integral monitoring*
forefield monitoring
Drill + Blast
BEAM-D+B
forefield scan monitoring
Existing Tunnels
BEAM-Perimeter
perimeter
* BEAM forefield integral monitoring:
no need of support from TBM supplier necessary
© 2004 GEOHYDRAULIK DATA

20. BEAM-TBM Shield
Drivage Type
BEAM-System
Exploration range
A1 Guard electrode
A0 Measuring electrode
Shield TBM
BEAM-TBM
forefield integral monitoring*
shield
cutter head, cutting wheel
* no support from TBM supplier necessary
© 2004 GEOHYDRAULIK DATA

21. BEAM-TBM Shield
© 2004 GEOHYDRAULIK DATA

22. BEAM-TBM Gripper
Drivage Type
BEAM-System
Exploration range
A1 Guard electrode
A0 Measuring electrode
Gripper-TBM
BEAM-TBM
forefield integral monitoring*
armed lining, steel archs
and anchors
cutter head
* no support from TBM supplier necessary
© 2004 GEOHYDRAULIK DATA

23. BEAM-TBM Gripper
Drivage Type
BEAM-System
Exploration range
A1 Guard electrode
A0 Measuring electrode
Gripper-TBM
BEAM-TBM
forefield scan monitoring
cutter head, armed lining
single excavation tools
© 2004 GEOHYDRAULIK DATA

24. BEAM-TBM Mircotunnelling
Drivage Type
BEAM-System
Exploration range
A1 Guard electrode
A0 Measuring electrode
Microtunnelling
BEAM-TBM
forefield integral monitoring*
shield
cutter head, cutting wheel
* no support from TBM supplier necessary
© 2004 GEOHYDRAULIK DATA

25. BEAM-Drill & Blast
Drivage Type
BEAM-System
Exploration range
A1 Guard electrode
A0 Measuring electrode
Drill + Blast
BEAM-D+B
forefield monitoring
armed lining, steel archs
and anchors
drilling rods (jumbo)
© 2004 GEOHYDRAULIK DATA

26. BEAM-Drill & Blast
Drivage Type
BEAM-System
Exploration range
A1 Guard electrode
A0 Measuring electrode
Drill + Blast
BEAM-D+B
forefield scan monitoring
armed lining, steel archs
and anchors
single drilling rod
© 2004 GEOHYDRAULIK DATA

27. BEAM-Perimeter
Drivage Type
BEAM-System
Exploration range
A1 Guard electrode
A0 Measuring electrode
Existing Tunnels
BEAM-Perimeter
perimeter
armed lining, steel archs
and anchors
mobile hand held drilling rod
© 2004 GEOHYDRAULIK DATA

28. Case Studies
TBM heading Ginori-Tunnel, Italy
Visualization
BEAM-TBM Forefield Scan
Monitoring System
6.3 m diameter telescopic
shield machine
Compact limestones with
water-bearing subvertical
karst and fault zones
© 2004 GEOHYDRAULIK DATA

29. Case Studies
TBM heading Ginori-Tunnel, Italy
Geophysical-geological documentation
1500-3150 m of total length 9300 m
6.3 m diameter telescopic shield machine, BEAM-TBM Forefield Scan
Monitoring System
Compact limestones with water-bearing subvertical karst and fault
zones
© 2004 GEOHYDRAULIK DATA

30. Case Studies
TBM heading Ginori-Tunnel, Italy
BEAM results of a „water-inrush“ zone
3D horizontal projection of BEAM results predicting different ground
conditions along a TBM section of the Ginori Tunnel (Italy)
© 2004 GEOHYDRAULIK DATA

31. Case Studies
TBM heading Ginori-Tunnel Italy
Confirmation of BEAM-predicted fault-karst zones
by measured water inrush zones
water
quantity
water inrush
tunnelmeter
© 2004 GEOHYDRAULIK DATA

32. Case Studies
TBM heading Ginori-Tunnel Italy
Break through, September 2003
© 2004 GEOHYDRAULIK DATA

33. Case Studies
Lötschberg Base Tunnel Switzerland
Drill + Blast
BEAM-D+B System
Investigation of limestone/shale interface
© 2004 GEOHYDRAULIK DATA

34. Case Studies
Case study
Perimeter investigation of existing tunnels
Railway link Nuremberg-Ingolstadt, Germany
BEAM-Perimeter System
Investigation of airfilled karst cavities
© 2004 GEOHYDRAULIK DATA

35. Case Studies
Perimeter investigation of existing tunnels
Railway link Nuremberg-Ingolstadt, Germany
BEAM-Perimeter System
Investigation of airfilled karst cavities
© 2004 GEOHYDRAULIK DATA

36. Case Studies
Perimeter investigation of existing tunnels
Railway link Nuremberg-Ingolstadt, Germany
BEAM-Perimeter System
Investigation of airfilled karst cavities
© 2004 GEOHYDRAULIK DATA

37. Case Studies
Perimeter investigation of existing tunnels
Railway link Nuremberg-Ingolstadt, Germany
BEAM-Perimeter System
Investigation of air filled and sand filled karst cavities
© 2004 GEOHYDRAULIK DATA

38. Case Studies
Perimeter investigation of existing tunnels
Railway link Nuremberg-Ingolstadt, Germany
Empirical evaluation of cavity detection limit due to BEAM „Percentage
Frequency Effect (PFE)“ anomalies (PFE<-5%) verified at cavity
situations
© 2004 GEOHYDRAULIK DATA

39. Case Studies
TBM heading in South-Switzerland
Gripper TBM 9.5 m diameter, BEAM-TBM Forefield Integral Monitoring (BEAM
Light)
Gneis with subhorizontal thrust faults - A, B, C top failure zones
© 2004 GEOHYDRAULIK DATA

40. Case Studies
TBM heading in South-Switzerland
© 2004 GEOHYDRAULIK DATA

41. Advantages and Features
• Permanent automatic high-resolution forward prediction and perimeter
exploration while tunnel advance
• Realization of high advancement rates without disturbance
and stops of tunnelling work
• Early detection and warning of changes in geotechnical-geological and hydrogeological ground conditions like fault/karst
zones, cavities or higher water-bearing zones
• Applicable for all kind of hard rock and soft
ground TBMs and drill+blast
• Reliable real-time results for geological classification
and documentation of forefield ground which are
shown on the
• Optimum planning ofsreen for fast on-site decisions
safety and lining measures in
advance to shelter staff, equipment
and tunnel
• No percussion or core drilling is needed to use BEAM
• BEAM works continous and self-instructional based on an
advanced evaluation software
• Time reduction and cost savings by several reasons depending
on individual project conditions
© 2004 GEOHYDRAULIK DATA