Microshield Environmental Services, John Lapotaire, CIEC, presentation on Restorative Structural Drying. The presentation helps Insurance Agents and Adjusters understand the process of restorative structural drying, the different categories of water according to the ANSI approved IICRC S-500, as well as the benefits of hiring IICRC trained professionals. John P. Lapotaire, CIEC Microshield Environmental Services, LLC www.Microshield-ES.com

1. John P. Lapotaire, CIEC Lydia A. Lapotaire, CIEC

2. Before We Begin Please Silence Your Phones

3. 1 4 Introduction Categories of Water Contamination 2 6 5 3 7 IICRC S-500 Water Restoration Goals What is Restorative Drying? Restorative Drying Tools The Value of a Trained Professional

4. Water Restoration ANSI/IICRC S500-2006 Standard and Reference Guide for Professional Water Damage Restoration – 2006

5. Water Restoration The IICRC Standard for Professional Water Damage Restoration (ANSI/IICRC S500-2006) is a procedural standard. It is based on reliable restoration principles, research and practical experience.

6. Water Restoration Goals The goal of Restorative Structural Drying is to save structural components including walls, flooring (not just carpeting!), as well as contents. You will learn how the proper management of the variables of airflow, temperature, and humidity can lead to reduced costs of property losses.

7. You will learn the value of a Balanced Drying System to quickly and affordably dry a property You will learn why a delayed response of just a few days can change the scope of structural drying as the water loss categories change. Water Restoration Goals

8. It all Starts with Water Lets Get Started

9. Water exists in 3 forms: Gas (water vapor) Solid (ice) Liquid

11. Flooding (@ surface)

12. Ground water (subsurface)

13. Pressurization

14. Diffusion of vapor

16. Washing

17. Cooking

18. Respiration

19. Plants

21. Categories of Water Category 1 - Clean Water Broken water pipes, rainwater, etc Category 2 - Gray Water Contains contamination & microorganisms Toilets with urine, sump pumps, dishwashers

22. Categories of Water Category 3 - Black Water Contains pathogenic agents Sewage, surface water flooding, pesticides

26. Category 3 Water According to the Institute of Inspection Cleaning and Restoration Certification (IICRC) standard for professional water damage restoration (ANSI/IICRC S500-2006), Category 3 water damage (often called black water) is water damage to a structure where the origin is unsanitary or potentially infectious to humans.

27. Category 3 Water The black water classification also includes less contaminated water not treated in a timely manner. Category 3 water intrusion can be subdivided into three levels that will help the professional restoration business process the contamination efficiently.

28. Category 3 Level I Category 3 Level I contamination is usually a very limited waste problem. It always originates inside the building or house, affects a small area, does not affect porous material, does not penetrate the structure, and has had limited time of exposure. A small toilet overflow is one example.

29. Category 3 Level II Category 3 Level II contamination also originates inside the building. However, the area of direct contamination is larger. Porous materials as well as non-porous materials are affected. Restoration must be more thorough to include removing moisture barriers like vinyl and plastics that will contain the contamination.

30. Category 3 Level III Category 3 Level III cont. Cabinets and other structural enclosures must inspected and possibly removed if the contamination is present — especially if it is inside the walls behind these items. All contaminated porous items such as drywall, carpet, pad, upholstery, drapery, or particleboard furniture must be removed and properly disposed of.

31. Category 3 Level III Category 3 Level III contamination includes water and waste coming from an outside source such as a septic system, main sewage line, rivers, streams, and ocean waters. Level III indicates more contamination for a longer period and presents a much greater health risk.

32. Contaminated Water Restoration Dispose carpet cushion absorbent stuffed fabrics Saturated absorbent materials Ceiling tile, dry wall, paper, etc. Evaluate structural materials for degree of contamination and physical damage

33. Contaminated Water Restoration Discard carpet saturated with Category 3 water Category 2 water carpet contamination may be cleaned with hot water extraction and biocide Remove floor if water reached subflooring Subflooring must be cleaned, disinfected, dried

34. Review or Break Take 10

35. Review: Categories of Water Damage Category 1: Clean Water Category 2: Gray Water Category 3: Black Water

36. Categories of Water Damage Category 1: Clean Water Category 2: Gray Water (rain, clean water in dirty carpets, laundry water, water migrating through building envelope) Category 3: Black Water (flooding from street or river, sewage [bacterial]

37. Category 3 Water Following a Category 3 water loss, a State Licensed Professional Restoration Business will use proper procedures, techniques, products, and equipment to establish a Balanced Drying System to help restore property to its pre-loss condition safely and as rapidly as possible

38. Time is Critical 72 hours

39. Water damage in a structure exists in 3 forms: Free Water Absorbed Water Adsorbed Water

40. Free Water Refers to standing water Easiest to remove

41. Absorbed Water Refers to water that has become part of the structure due to capillary action Requires a building to need supplemental drying Can only be removed by (1)demolition of saturated materials (2)converting the liquid into a vapor

42. Adsorbed Water Refers to the chemically bonded water found naturally in materials Removal of adsorbed water damages the material.

43. What is Drying? Drying is a science, based on established laws of thermodynamics and laws of gases Basically, all states of water seek equilibrium More to Less High to Low Hot to Cold

44. Removing Water from the Structure Provide an condition in which water wants to migrate from one area (where you want to get rid of it) to an area where it causes no harm Provide tools to change the condition Fully understand the materials and area of water damage

45. How it all Works…… Liquid water will flow, seeking its own level (more to less) Water vapor will move, from higher pressure to lower pressure If water can not flow out of building (drained), then it has to be converted to a vapor (evaporation)

46. How it all Works……

47. To properly evaluate temperature, relative humidity, and grains per pound (or g/kg), restorers must use a psychometric chart. A trained and licensed restoration professional will collect temperature and humidity of the property using a thermal hygrometer. The Psychometric Chart

48. These two readings will establish the capacity of the air mass (temperature) to hold moisture and the relative amount of moisture in the air (relative humidity). Employing these two readings the trained professional can then use the psychometric chart to calculate the grains per pound of water vapor in the air. The Psychometric Chart

49. The psychometric chart will also provide the indoor environments dew point. The dew point is the temperature at which the air becomes saturated with moisture vapor and can hold no more water vapor. Calculating the dew point temperature is important when monitoring the drying cycle of a structure and wet building materials. The Psychometric Chart

50. The Psychometric Chart

51. Psychometric Chart

52. Just a Simple Little Chart Right? Maybe it would be better to trust a Trained and Licensed Professional to run the calculations.

53. Water Damaged Building Materials At the surface of the material, Water Activity occurs (conversion of liquid to vapor-evaporation) The further that a liquid has to migrate to the surface, the longer it takes to dry The permeability of a material dictates the speed of migration Water can travel through a material as vapor

54. Water Activity Water Activity (aw) = Equilibrium relative humidity of the substrate divided by 100 All building materials have different rates in which water vapor moves within them Water Activity at the surface determines the evaporation rate.

55. Removing Water from Saturated Materials Fully assess and measure the area of water damage Create a condition in which water wants to migrate from one area to an area where it causes no harm Provide tools to change the condition

56. Drying Tools Dehumidifiers- manipulating the specific humidity to allow the air to accept additional moisture in the form of vapor Fans- prevent “layering” of water vapor due to weight; and they transport vapor away from the surface to increase conversion rates.

57. Dehumidifiers Refrigerant Desiccant

58. Refrigerant Dehumidifier Most efficient at optimum temperature Power requirements can become prohibitive Require more monitoring (labor hours)

59. Desiccant Dehumidifier Use silica gel to attract the moisture out of the air Purges moisture from the building under positive pressure - can potentially distribute contaminates

60. Desiccant Dehumidifier

61. When is Too Much Too Much

62. When is Too Much Too Much

63. Basic Guidelines 1. Amount of drying equipment used is based on the volume of air and air exchanges 2. It takes a Trained Professional to understand the drying process 3. A well planned drying plan will quickly dry the property and save everyone both time and a pile of money

64. The “Air Exchange” rule Dehumidification processes the air When all of the air in a building or room has been processed by the dehumidifier, then all the air has been exchanged one time through the machine. Dehumidifiers are rated on how much air they process per minute (cfm)

65. How Much Equipment is Really Necessary? The amount of water in a structure determines the amount of drying equipment needed to process the air

66. Easy…..Right ??? Therefore, if the cubic foot volume of the air in a building is determined, then this amount can be divided by the number of cfm that the dehumidifier can process.

67. Simple as pi….π If that sum is divided by 60, then the air exchanges per hour can be determined. Any Questions so far?

73. How many air exchanges? Air exchanges establish the optimum conditions for drying Once optimum conditions are met, then additional air exchanges accomplish nothing Because of the physical limitations of water activity & evaporation, 3 air exchanges are the maximum

74. How many air exchanges? Therefore, adding more dehumidifiers can not lower the Rh beyond what is actually possible Doing the Math lowers the total cost of the job $$$$ Saving everyone money!

76. Ask the Trained Professional? Most in our industry agree that three fans per dehumidifier are sufficient Fans can be used to dry “from the wall/ceiling cavities” out

78. Ceilings

79. Cabinets

81. The Inject-a-Dry System

82. The Inject-a-Dry System

83. The Inject-a-Dry System

84. The Inject-a-Dry System

85. The Inject-a-Dry System

86. When fans should not be used When air movement could create bioaerosols Category 3 Sewage- transporting pathogens into the air stream Mold- contaminating the indoor air quality

87. IICRC S500 “Standard and Reference Guide for Professional Water Damage Restoration” Institute of Inspection,Cleaning and Restoration Certification www.iicrc.org

90. Thank You Lydia A. Lapotaire, CIEC 407-383-9459 Lydia@FloridaIAQ.com www.FloridaIAQ.com John P. Lapotaire, CIEC 3211-229-2778 John@FloridaIAQ.com www.FloridaIAQ.com