1. European Footholds in Southeast Asia and India

2. Portugal’s Empire in the East Trading Outposts Portuguese attacked Aden and took Ormuz, gateway to the Persian Gulf 50 years Portuguese built a trading empire with military and merchant outposts Portugal controlled the spice trade between Europe and Asia

3. Portugal’s Empire in the East Impact Had neither the strength nor the resources to conquer much territory on land Missionaries attacked Muslims, destroyed Hindu temples and introduced the Inquisition

4. Rise of the Dutch Dutch warships and trading vessels put the Netherlands in the forefront of European commerce. Set up colonies and trading poses around the world Built Cape Town

5. Dutch Dominance 1602 Dutch East India Company formed 1641 captured Malacca and opened trade with China Monopoly in the Spice Islands Used military force Forged closer ties with local rulers Dutch merchants married Asian women

6. Spain Seizes the Philippines Claimed the archipelago in 1521 Set out to convert Filipino people to Christianity Became a key link in Spain’s overseas trading empire Shipped silver mined from Mexico and Peru across the Pacific to buy goods in China

7. Mughal India and European Traders Industry and Commerce India lead in textile manufacturing Exported silk and cotton cloth

8. Mughal India and European Traders British-French Rivalry British and French become locked in a bitter struggle for global power 1756 war erupted in Europe Robert Clive used British army to drive French from trading posts Company became the real ruler of Bengal