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Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Chemistry, The Central Science , 11th edition Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Jr., and Bruce E. Bursten

States of Matter ,[object Object]

The States of Matter ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Intermolecular Forces ,[object Object]

van der Waals Forces ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Ion-Dipole Interactions ,[object Object],[object Object]

Dipole-Dipole Interactions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Dipole-Dipole Interactions ,[object Object]

London Dispersion Forces ,[object Object]

London Dispersion Forces ,[object Object],[object Object]

Factors Affecting London Forces ,[object Object],[object Object]

Which Have a Greater Effect? Dipole-Dipole Interactions or Dispersion Forces ,[object Object],[object Object]

How Do We Explain This? ,[object Object],[object Object]

Hydrogen Bonding ,[object Object],[object Object]

Hydrogen Bonding ,[object Object],Also, when hydrogen is bonded to one of those very electronegative elements, the hydrogen nucleus is exposed.

Summarizing Intermolecular Forces

Intermolecular Forces Affect Many Physical Properties ,[object Object]

Viscosity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Surface Tension ,[object Object]

Energy Changes Associated with Changes of State ,[object Object]

Energy Changes Associated with Changes of State ,[object Object],[object Object]

Vapor Pressure ,[object Object],[object Object]

Vapor Pressure ,[object Object]

Phase Diagrams ,[object Object]

Phase Diagrams ,[object Object],[object Object]

Phase Diagram of Water ,[object Object],[object Object]

Phase Diagram of Carbon Dioxide ,[object Object]

Solids ,[object Object],[object Object]

Attractions in Ionic Crystals ,[object Object]

Crystalline Solids ,[object Object]

Ionic Solids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],CsCl ZnS CaF 2 (a) (b) (c)

Types of Bonding in Crystalline Solids

Covalent-Network and Molecular Solids ,[object Object],[object Object]

Metallic Solids ,[object Object],[object Object]

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