This document provides an overview of mobile learning. It defines mobile learning as learning facilitated by mobile devices that allows learners to be physically mobile. It discusses the benefits of mobile learning including flexibility and accessibility. Examples of mobile learning applications are provided such as eBooks, job aids, and augmented reality. Planning considerations for mobile learning like device capabilities and limitations are outlined. Resources for researching mobile learning trends and the ADL mobile learning program are also summarized.

1. Mobile Learning 101
Overview, Examples, and Resources
GameTech ‘12 Jason Haag
Defense Users Conference ADL Mobile Learning Team
Orlando, FL - March 28, 2012 The Tolliver Group, Inc.

2. Agenda
• Definitions
• Basics of Mobile Learning
• Examples
• Planning
• Resources
• Questions/Discussion
What We’ll Cover
2

3. ADL
• Founded in 1997 to standardize and modernize delivery
•
of training and education in the U.S. Department of
Defense (DoD)
• Develop and implement learning technologies across the
•
DoD and federal government
• Collaborate with government, industry, and academia to
•
promote international specifications and standards for
designing and delivering learning content
http://adlnet.gov
3

4. ADL Mobile Learning Team
Vision Knowledge Deliverables Research
• To be the source • Track initiatives • Develop samples • Collect literature
of information and share • Identify tools and review
and support for • Remain current • Conduct • Applied research
DoD mobile and provide workshops and • Share best
learning weekly newsletter webinars practices
initiatives. • Deliver • Write papers • Support BAAs
presentations • Facilitate working
• Collect use cases group & summit
Our Focus
4

5. What Are Your Roles and Responsibilities?
A. Manager
B. Instructional Designer
C. Developer
D. Subject Matter Expert
E. All of the above
F. Other
Poll Question
5

6. Mobile Growth Rate
Faster Adoption Than Any Technology
6

7. Mobile Growth Rate
The 50%

8. How often do you use your device(s)
A. Daily
B. A few times per week
C. A few times per month
D. A few times per year
E. Never
Poll Question
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9. What have you learned on your mobile device(s)?
A. Completed a course
B. Used a search engine
C. Geographical travel information
D. Never learned anything
E. Don’t have a connected device
Poll Question
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10. Definitions
What is Mobile Learning?
Mobile Learning 101
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11. Definitions
First…What is Learning?
Mobile Learning 101
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12. Definitions
“Learning is acquiring new, or modifying
existing, knowledge, behaviors, skills, values,
or preferences and may involve synthesizing
different types of information.”
“Human learning may occur as part of education,
personal development, schooling, or training.”
Wikipedia
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13. Definitions
Learning that takes place within a teacher-student
relationship, such as in a school system.
Formal Learning
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14. “Only 20% of what’s learned on the job actually
comes from formal learning.”
Jay Cross
14

15. Definitions
“ occurs through the experience
of day-to-day situations.”
Informal Learning – @JayCross
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16. Definitions
Most of what people learn (or retain and put
into use) is learned as part of doing their work,
not through formal training.
Informal Learning – @charlesjennings
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17. 70: 20: 10 Learning Framework
• 70% from real life and on-
the-job experiences, tasks
and problem solving (day-
to-day activities)
• 20% from feedback and
from observing and working
with role models
• 10% from formal learning
or training
Morgan McCall, Robert W. Eichinger, and Michael M.
Lombardo at the Center for Creative Leadership
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18. Definitions
1. Choose: We just what interests us; what we think is
important and relevant.
2. Commit: We take responsibility for learning once
chosen.
3. Create: We build things, experiment, and try.
4. Crash: We sometimes fail, but learn from those
mistakes
5. Copy: We watch others and mimic their performance
6. Converse: We discuss with others seeking info and
feedback
7. Collaborate: We work together creating, problem-
solving, and sharing.
The Seven C’s of Natural Learning – Clark Quinn
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19. Definitions
What is Mobile Learning?
Mobile Learning 101
19

20. How Do You Define Mobile?
Laptop Computer Jitterbug Smartphones Gaming Phones
eReaders Handheld Touch Screen Devices & Tablets Netbook / Micro Laptop / Macbook Air
Which Devices Are Included?
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21. Definitions
Learner-centric or Device-centric?
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22. “Think Outside the Course”
Judy Brown @JudyB
22

23. Definitions
“Mobile learning should be restricted to
learning on devices which a lady can carry in
her handbag or a gentleman can carry in his
pocket (Keegan, 2005).” communications
technology).
Desmon Keegan
23

24. Definitions
“ Mobile learning is where a learner can be
physically mobile while at the same time
remaining connected to non-proximate sources
of information, instruction, and data
communications technology.”
Gary Woodill
24

25. MOLENET Definition
Key Terms!

26. Definitions
“The intersection of mobile computing (the
application of small, portable, and wireless
computing and communication devices) and
e-learning (learning facilitated and supported
through the use of information).”
Clark Quinn - @Quinnovator
26

27. Definitions
Learner- Device-
centric centric
Learner-centric + Device-centric = Ubiquitous Mobile Learning
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28. ADL Describes, Not Defines
“Leveraging ubiquitous mobile technology for
the adoption or augmentation of knowledge,
behaviors, or skills through education, training,
or performance support while the mobility of
the learner may be independent of time,
location, and space.”
ADL Mobile Learning Team
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29. Basics
• Benefits
• Capabilities
• Concerns
Mobile Learning 101
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30. Basics
• Continuous, ongoing, flexible
• Enables reflection
• Informal and formal learning
• Personalization
• Readily available
• Ubiquitous
• More portable that other educational materials
• Supports the learning process; can be used as part of a
blended learning approach
• Can be a useful add-on tool for students with special needs
Benefits of Mobile Learning
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31. Basics
Mobile Capabilities
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32. 4 C’s of Mobile Capabilities
1. Content: accessing content in the form of media
2. Capture: capture of information
3. Compute: the ability to compute a response
4. Communicate: communicate people with eachother
Clark Quinn @Quinnovator
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33. Basics
• Battery life
• Connectivity
• Cost (Less of a factor)
• Data charges
• Device ownership
• Screen size
• Security
• Technology changes
Concerns & Challenges
33

34. Examples
• Classroom Augmentation
• Mobile Learning Courses
• eBooks
• Performance Support
• Spacing Effect / Spaced Repetition
• Job Aids / Checklists
• Location-based Learning
• Augmented Reality
• Game-based Learning
• Interactive Response Codes
Mobile Learning 101
34

35. Examples
Classroom Augmentation
35

36. Examples
Mobile Learning Courses (Compliance Training,
Product Training, Mandatory Training, Crisis Response)
36

37. Examples
eBooks
37

38. Examples
Performance Support
38

39. Examples
“Humans more easily remember or learn
items when they are studied a few times over
a long period of time (spaced presentation),
rather than studied repeatedly in a short
period time (massed presentation)”
Will Thalheimer, PhD
The Spacing Effect - Hermann Ebbinghaus
39

40. Examples
Repetitions support learning
- Helps us absorb information we missed
earlier
- Helps us remember things we d
forgotten
- Strengthens and enriches what we know
• Spaced repetitions are generally more effective
• Spacing helps minimize forgetting
• Wider spacings are generally more effective
• Spacing may slow learning (while it improves remembering)
Will Thalheimer, PhD
Spaced Repititions - Will Thalheimer, PhD
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41. Spaced Learning Example
• Promotes maternal and child health
• Free SMS text messages each week,
timed to their due date or baby s date of
birth
Text4Baby.org
41

42. Examples
Job Aids / Checklists
42

43. Examples
Location-based & Contextual Learning
43

44. Examples
Augmented Reality
44

45. Examples
Game-based Learning
45

46. Examples
• Virtual board game for MoD to aid in the understanding of
lawful behaviour in various situations.
MoD: Law of Armed Conflict (Intuition)
46

47. Examples
Gamification & Badges (OnPoint Digital)
47

48. Examples
Interactive Response Codes
48

49. Examples
• Start a class
• Link to a website
• Link to an online course
• Distribute or share files
• Augment text books
• Write a review
• Play audio file
• Link to Apps
• Help & Tutorials
• Communications
• Update Twitter
Build Your QR Codes! http://qrcode.kaywa.com/
Interactive Response Codes
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50. Planning
6 D’s For Planning Questions
50

51. Five Moments of Learning Need
Dr. Conrad Gottfredson
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52. When Do You Think Mobile Is Most Appropriate?
A. When learning for the first time
B. When wanting to learn more
C. When trying to remember
D. When things change
E. When something goes wrong
Poll Question
52

53. Resources
• Ambient Insight
• ASTD
• Bersin & Associates
• eLearning Guild
Market Analysis Research & Reports
53

54. Resources – http://ml.adlnet.gov
• ADL Mobile Learning Weekly Newsletter (Ongoing)
• ADL Monthly Website Articles (Ongoing)
• ADL Mobile Learning Guide - App (Ongoing)
• ADL Mobile Learning Handbook (Ongoing)
• The Effectiveness of Mobile Course Delivery (2011)
• Mobile Learning Literature Review (2012)
• Mobile Learning Vendors (2012)
• Assessment of ISD Principles, Agile Methods, and
Pedagogical Models for mLearning (2012)
• Next Generation SCORM for Mobile / Tin Can API (2012)
ADL Mobile Learning Research / Deliverables
54

55. Resources
http://research.adlnet.gov/newsletter/mobile
55

56. Resources
http://mlhandbook.adlnet.gov 56

57. Resources
http://mlhandbook.adlnet.gov
57

58. Credits & Attribution
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United
States License.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/
Share Alike!

59. Credits & Attribution
Credits
• Defense Imagery: http://www.defenseimagery.mil
• Robert Gadd: http://mlearning.com
• Kris Swanson: http://www.intuition.com/solutions/mobile-learning
• Clark Quinn: http://www.quinnovation.com
• Jay Cross: http://jaycross.com
• Bob Mosher and Dr. Conrad Gottfredson:
http://performersupport.ning.com/
• Rebecca Hogue:
http://rjh.goingeast.ca/2011/07/17/an-inclusive-definition-of-
mobile-learning-edumooc
• http://www.flickr.com/photos/adactio/6153558098/in/
set-72157627691092806
• http://www.recreation.slco.org/sorenson/fitness/images/
teamwork.jpg
Respect!

60. Credits & Attribution
Credits
• http://www.qrcodepress.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/
Military-training-with-augmented-reality.jpg
• http://qrcodepress.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/QR-Codes-
• http://www.freakingnews.com/images/adv-images/corporate-
training.jpg
• On-Wine.jpg
• http://www.navigadget.com/wp-content/postimages/2009/06/
telenav-iphone-att.jpg
• http://www.incrediblethings.com/home/come-up-with-a-million-
dollar-idea-with-thought-box/
• http://internettime.pbworks.com/w/page/20095947/The%20Book
• http://www.sealund.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/
image0011.jpg
Respect!

61. Questions / Discussion
adlmobile@adlnet.gov
61

62. Thank You!
Jason Haag
Mobile Learning Research Analyst
SETA Support Contractor
The Tolliver Group, Inc.
jason.haag.ctr@adlnet.gov
Twitter: @J_Haag
Web: http://about.me/jsonhaag
Let’s Connect!
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